scholarly journals Palmitoylation of Metazoan Carotenoid Oxygenases

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Sheetal Uppal ◽  
Igor B. Rogozin ◽  
T.Michael Redmond ◽  
Eugenia Poliakov
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
New Family ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Protein Palmitoylation ◽  
Carotenoid Oxygenase ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Animal Genomes

Abundant in nature, carotenoids are a class of fat-soluble pigments with a polyene tetraterpenoid structure. They possess antioxidant properties and their consumption leads to certain health benefits in humans. Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) are a superfamily of enzymes which oxidatively cleave carotenoids and they are present in all kingdoms of life. Complexity of CCO evolution is high. For example, in this study we serendipitously found a new family of eukaryotic CCOs, the apocarotenoid oxygenase-like (ACOL) family. This family has several members in animal genomes and lacks the animal-specific amino acid motif PDPCK. This motif is likely to be associated with palmitoylation of some animal CCOs. We recently demonstrated that two mammalian members of the carotenoid oxygenase family retinal pigment epithelial-specific 65 kDa protein (RPE65) and beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) are palmitoylated proteins. Here we used the acyl-resin-assisted capture (acyl-RAC) method to demonstrate protein palmitoylation and immunochemistry to localize mouse BCO2 (mBCO2) in COS7 cell line in the absence and presence of its substrate β-carotene. We demonstrate that mBCO2 palmitoylation depends on the evolutionarily conserved motif PDPCK and that metazoan family members lacking the motif (Lancelet beta-carotene oxygenase-like protein (BCOL) and Acropora ACOL) are not palmitoylated. Additionally, we observed that the palmitoylation status of mBCO2 and its membrane association depend on the presence of its substrate β-carotene. Based on our results we conclude that most metazoan carotenoid oxygenases retain the evolutionarily conserved palmitoylation PDPCK motif to target proteins to internal membranes depending on substrate status. Exceptions are in the secreted BCOL subfamily and the strictly cytosolic ancient ACOL subfamily of carotenoid oxygenases.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis Essential Oil

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Matilda Rădulescu ◽  
Călin Jianu ◽  
Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia ◽  
Marius Mioc ◽  
Alexandra Mioc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Β Carotene

The investigation aimed to study the in vitro and in silico antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil (MOEO). The chemical composition of MOEO was determined using GC–MS analysis. Among 36 compounds identified in MOEO, the main were beta-cubebene (27.66%), beta-caryophyllene (27.41%), alpha-cadinene (4.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.09%), and alpha-cadinol (4.07%), respectively. In vitro antioxidant properties of MOEO have been studied in 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the radical scavenging abilities of ABTS and DPPH were 1.225 ± 0.011 μg/mL and 14.015 ± 0.027 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antioxidant activity. Moreover, MOEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect (94.031 ± 0.082%) in the β-carotene bleaching assay by neutralizing hydroperoxides, responsible for the oxidation of highly unsaturated β-carotene. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that the MOEO components could exert an in vitro antioxidant activity through xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition. The most active structures are minor MOEO components (approximately 6%), among which the highest affinity for the target protein belongs to carvacrol.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Pasta Samples Characterized in Antioxidant Compounds and Their Biological Activity on Kidney Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Di Marco ◽  
Francesco Trevisani ◽  
Pamela Vignolini ◽  
Silvia Urciuoli ◽  
Andrea Salonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Egg Pasta

Pasta is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet and for this reason it was chosen for this study to evaluate its antioxidant properties. Three types of pasta were selected: buckwheat, rye and egg pasta. Qualitative–quantitative characterization analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD to identify antioxidant compounds. The data showed the presence of carotenoids such as lutein and polyphenols such as indoleacetic acid, (carotenoids from 0.08 to 0.16 mg/100 g, polyphenols from 3.7 to 7.4 mg/100 g). To assess the effect of the detected metabolites, in vitro experimentation was carried out on kidney cells models: HEK-293 and MDCK. Standards of β-carotene, indoleacetic acid and caffeic acid, hydroalcoholic and carotenoid-enriched extracts from samples of pasta were tested in presence of antioxidant agent to determine viability variations. β-carotene and indoleacetic acid standards exerted a protective effect on HEK-293 cells while no effect was detected on MDCK. The concentrations tested are likely in the range of those reached in body after the consumption of a standard pasta meal. Carotenoid-enriched extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts showed different effects, observing rescues for rye pasta hydroalcoholic extract and buckwheat pasta carotenoid-enriched extract, while egg pasta showed milder dose depending effects assuming pro-oxidant behavior at high concentrations. The preliminary results suggest behaviors to be traced back to the whole phytocomplexes respect to single molecules and need further investigations.

scholarly journals PALYNOLOGICAL ORIGIN, PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF GEOPROPOLIS COLLECTED BY MANDAÇAIA (MELIPONA MANDACAIA) STINGLESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
PAULO RICARDO DA SILVA ◽  
TELMA MARIA GUEDES DA SILVA ◽  
CELSO AMORIM CAMARA ◽  
EVA MÔNICA SARMENTO DA SILVA ◽  
FRANCISCO DE ASSIS RIBEIRO DOS SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT The stingless bee Melipona mandacaia (Smith 1863) (mandaçaia) is found only in the region of Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, near to São Francisco river. The aim of the present work was to determine the botanical origin and to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant properties (β-carotene/linoleic acid system, DPPH and ABTS scavenging) of mandaçaia geopropolis. 25 pollen types from 15 families were identified from the 9 geopropolis samples analyzed. Phenolic compounds content varied between all the geopropolis EtOH extracts, hexane, EtOAc and MeOH:H2O fractions. The main pollens found in the geopropolis samples were from the Leguminoseae family. This identification of meliponicultural plants is extremely important because it indicates the food sources used for the collection of nectar and pollen. Our results revealed that there is a strong relation between the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity. These results showed that total phenols of mandaçaia geopropolis may be responsible for the antioxidant activity with evidence that it's a rich source of phenols bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.

scholarly journals Analysis of βeta-carotene from Jongi (Dillenia Serrata Thunb.) as a source of vitamin A

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa ◽  
Ryka Marina Walanda
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Healthy Eyes

Beta-carotene is converted in the body to vitamin A, a powerful antioxidant that plays an essential role in maintaining healthy eyes, skin, and neurological function. Beta-carotene and other carotenoids have antioxidant activities and are valued for their ability to prevent chronic disease. β-carotene is found in yellow, orange, red, and green fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine the β-carotene in Jongi. Jongi (Dillenia Serrata Thunb.) is an endemic fruit of Sulawesi which contains β-carotene. The samples used in this study were raw jongi and ripe jongi extracted with n-hexane: acetone (1:4). To the samples were analyzed quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 450.00 nm. The results showed that the β-carotene in raw jongi was 0.3554 mg/100 g and the β- carotene in ripe jongi was 1.1841 mg/100 g. Ripe jongi consist of more β-carotene than the raw jongi, hence better as a source of Vitamin A.

Effects of Beta-carotene Administration on Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Karakaya Bilen ◽  
Gülnaz Yılmazbaş Mecitoglu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Β Carotene

Background: Beta-(β-) carotene, is the precursor to vitamin A, in particular, has some potential benefits on reproduction. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of β-carotene administration on fertility following either prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows.Methods: Cows with at 47±3 postpartum days were divided into two groups: β-carotene group (βC, n=139) was treated with injectable β-carotene while untreated cows served as control (CON, n=227). In both groups, PGF was administered and heatmount detectors were applied at 54±3 days postpartum. Cows detected in estrus after PGF were inseminated. Cows that had not been detected in estrus were divided into two groups 7 days after PGF administration; βC-OVS (n=137) and CON-OVS (n=89). Ovsynch protocol was initiated 4 days after β-carotene administration.Result: The estrus detection rate was similar between the βC and CON groups (P = 0.19). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on d 31 was also similar between groups (P = 0.93). In the Ovsynch protocol, ovulation to the first GnRH and ovulatory follicle diameter at the time of insemination did not differ between groups. No difference was observed in P/AI at d 31 (P = 0.13). The results of this study indicated that β-carotene administration had no effect on fertility either PGF induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows. 

Conformation-Dependent Antioxidant Properties of β-Carotene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhiya Lakshmanan ◽  
Hendrik Zipse
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Quantum Chemical Methods ◽  
Β Carotene

The antioxidant capacity of β-carotene has been studied in terms of H-atom abstraction reactions using quantum chemical methods. These oxidation reactions are studied for the all-trans as well as 15,15'-cis...

Orange‐fleshed sweet potatoes composite bread: A good carrier of beta (β)‐carotene and antioxidant properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Olajumoke Oloniyo ◽  
Olufunmilayo Sade Omoba ◽  
Olugbenga Olufemi Awolu ◽  
Aderonke Ibironke Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Composite Bread ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Food-Based Intervention to Increase Breast Milk Vitamin A Content at One Month of Infancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Sumathi Swaminathan ◽  
Sumithra Selvam ◽  
Agnita Narendra ◽  
Tinku Thomas ◽  
Anil Vasudevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Deuterium Dilution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Objectives Vitamin A requirements in early infancy are met only by breast milk intake. It is critical to ensure adequate breast milk vitamin A levels which also helps develop liver stores. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a maternal food-based intervention on breast milk vitamin A content Methods Pregnant women (n = 50; 24 ± 1 week of gestation) were recruited for the randomized study. A 10 g of a green leafy vegetable powder (mint/coriander/curry) providing about 3200 μg β-carotene/day, for a period of 4 months up to 1 month of lactation were provided for intervention arm. Breast milk (BM) retinol concentration and BM volume were assessed. BM retinol and beta-carotene were assayed by HPLC and BM fat by creamatocrit method. BM retinol: fat ratio was calculated. The dose-to-mother deuterium dilution technique was used to estimate BM volume through enrichment of saliva measured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Total BM retinol content was calculated from BM volume and the BM retinol (including beta-carotene:1 vitamin A RAE = 12 μg β-carotene). Inadequacy of intake was defined as proportion of infants with intake below a requirement of 400 μg RAE/day. Analysis of co-variance was performed after adjusting for age of mother, change in maternal blood retinol from baseline and BM fat, to compare outcomes between intervention and control arm. Results Maternal age, gestational age, socio-demographic characteristics and baseline vitamin A intake were comparable in both arms. Mean BM volume was similar in the 2 arms (676 ± 102 in intervention vs 630 ± 100 ml/day in control). BM retinol content (0.72 ± 0.12 vs 0.64 ± 0.11 μg/mL; P = 0.029) and BM retinol: fat ratio [0.41 (0.31, 0.47) vs 0.29 (0.21, 0.41), P = 0.011] were significantly higher in the intervention arm. The mean total BM retinol content was significantly higher in the intervention (482.2 ± 100.7 vs 406.5 ± 89.2 μg/day; P = 0.015; Cohen's effect size 0.80). Inadequacy of infant vitamin A intake was 14.3% in the intervention arm as against 39.1% in the control arm (P = 0.065). Conclusions The food-based intervention was effective in increasing vitamin A content in breast milk and thereby vitamin A intake in infants. Funding Sources International Atomic Energy Agency.

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