scholarly journals Realization of Rapid Large-Size 3D Printing Based on Full-Color Powder-Based 3DP Technique

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Guangxue Chen ◽  
Xiaochun Wang ◽  
Haozhi Chen ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Time

The powder-based 3DP (3D printing) technique has developed rapidly in creative and customized industries on account of it’s uniqueness, such as low energy consumption, cheap consumables, and non-existent exhaust emissions. Moreover, it could actualize full-color 3D printing. However, the printing time and size are both in need of upgrade using ready printers, especially for large-size 3D printing objects. Given the above issues, the effects of height and monolayer area on printing time were explored and the quantitative relationship was given in this paper conducted on the specimens with a certain gradient. On this basis, an XYX rotation method was proposed to minimize the printing time. The mechanical tests were conducted with three impregnation types as well as seven printing angles and combined with the characterization of surface structure based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) digital images to explore the optimum parameters of cutting-bonding frame (CBF) applied to powder-based 3D printing. Then, four adhesives were compared in terms of the width of bonded gap and chromatic aberration. The results revealed that ColorBond impregnated specimens showed excellent mechanical properties which reached maximum when printed at 45° to Z axis, and α-cyanoacrylate is the most suitable adhesive to bond full-color powder-based models. Finally, an operation technological process was summarized to realize the rapid manufacturing of large-size full-color 3D printed objects.

scholarly journals 3D printing orthopedic scoliosis braces: a test comparing FDM with thermoforming

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1707-1720
Author(s):  
Davide Felice Redaelli ◽  
Valentina Abbate ◽  
Fabio Alexander Storm ◽  
Alfredo Ronca ◽  
Andrea Sorrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
Polymer Yield ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Abstract In recent years, 3D printing gained considerable attention in the orthopedic sector. This work evaluates the feasibility of producing orthopedic scoliosis braces by 3D printing, comparing performance and costs with classical thermoforming procedures. Critical parameters, such as manufacture time, mechanical properties, weight, and comfort are carefully considered. Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) was selected among the several filaments materials present on the market. Printed samples were analyzed with electronic microscope, tensile, and impact tests and compared with thermoformed polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) samples. Moreover, a cost analysis was carried out for the specific application. The thermoformed brace of a volunteer patient affected by scoliosis was reproduced using reverse-engineering techniques. The model was then printed as a single piece and postprocessed by an expert orthotist. Subsequently, the patient wore the brace in a pilot case to compare comfort and mechanical effectiveness. Results show that the 3D printing fabrication method is able to provide a valid alternative to the current fabrication methods, being also very competitive in terms of costs. The morphological analysis does not show critical defects in 3D printed samples, while the mechanical tests highlighted their anisotropy, with an overall brittleness of PETG samples in the direction orthogonal to the fibers. However, in terms of mechanical stresses, a back brace should never reach the polymer yield stress, otherwise the shape would be modified and the therapeutic effect could be compromised. Finally, the patient reported the perception of improved support and no significant comfort differences compared with the thermoformed brace.

scholarly journals 3D printed PLA Army-Navy retractors when used as linear retractors yield clinically acceptable tolerances

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua V. Chen ◽  
Alexis B. C. Dang ◽  
Carlin S. Lee ◽  
Alan B. C. Dang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optimal Designs ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Strength Material ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract Background Modern low-cost 3D printing technologies offer the promise of access to surgical tools in resource scarce areas, however optimal designs for manufacturing have not yet been established. We explore how the optimization of 3D printing parameters when manufacturing polylactic acid filament based Army-Navy retractors vastly increases the strength of retractors, and investigate sources of variability in retractor strength, material cost, printing time, and parameter limitations. Methods Standard retractors were printed from various polylactic acid filament spools intra-manufacturer and inter-manufacturer to measure variability in retractor strength. Printing parameters were systematically varied to determine optimum printing parameters. These parameters include retractor width, thickness, infill percentage, infill geometry, perimeter number, and a reinforced joint design. Estimated retractor mass from computer models allows us to estimate material cost. Results We found statistically significant differences in retractor strength between spools of the same manufacturer and between manufacturers. We determined the true strength optimized retractor to have 30% infill, 3 perimeters, 0.25 in. thickness, 0.75 in. width, and has “Triangle” infill geometry and reinforced joints, failing at more than 15X the threshold for clinically excessive retraction and costs $1.25 USD. Conclusions The optimization of 3D printed Army-Navy retractors greatly improve the efficacy of this instrument and expedite the adoption of 3D printing technology in many diverse fields in medicine not necessarily limited to resource poor settings.

Large-size color models visualization under 3D paper-based printing

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangping Yuan ◽  
Zhaohui Yu ◽  
Guangxue Chen ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Yanfei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Color Models ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Hole Model ◽  
Printing Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study a feasible visualization of large-size three-dimension (3D) color models which are beyond the maximum print size of newest paper-based 3D printer used 3D cutting-bonding frame (3D-CBF) and evaluate the effects of cutting angle and layout method on printing time of designed models. Design/methodology/approach Sixteen models, including cuboid model, cylinder model, hole model and sphere model with different shape features, were divided into two symmetric parts and printed by the Mcor IRIS HD 3D printer. Before printing, two sub-parts were rearranged in one of three layout methods. Nine scaled sizes of original models were printed to find the quantitative relationship between printing time and scale values in each type. For the 0.3 times of original models, six cutting angles were evaluated in detail. Findings The correlation function about colorization time and printed pages was proposed. Based on 3D-CBF, the correlation between printing time and scale size is statistically defined. Optimization parameters of designed parts visualization about cutting angel and layout method were found, even if their statistical results were difficult to model their effects on printing time of specimens. Research limitations/implications The research is comparative and limited to the special models and used procedures. Originality/value The paper provides a feasible visualization and printing speed optimization methods for the further industrialization of 3D paper-based printing technology in cultural creative field.

scholarly journals 3D Printing Technology-Assisted Endoscopy Surgery in the Treatment of Skull Base Tumors : A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Gao ◽  
Angsi Liu ◽  
Fuxing Zuo ◽  
Jianxin Kong ◽  
Xueji Li
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Surgery Simulation ◽  
Skull Base Tumors ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract Object 3D printing technology has becoming more and more popular in medicine, we aim to describe the application experiences of 3D printing technology in endoscopic surgery for skull base tumors, with the assessment of 3D-printed models in skull base endoscopic surgery simulation and anatomy learning.Method Five patients with 3D-printed models were enrolled in our institution from October 2015 to March 2019. 5 individual models, created by different 3D printing methods and printing materials, were used to design the optimal surgical approach before surgery. Besides, the 3D-printed models were applied in endoscopic surgery simulation and anatomy learning. Likert scale questionnaires (1 indicating strongly disagree; 2, disagree; 3, neutral; 4, agree; and 5, strongly agree) were administered to 9 neurosurgeons in our institution to evaluate the application of 3D printed models. Result We successfully printed 5 cases of complex skull base tumor 3D models and performed endoscopic surgery with the help of information of the 5 3D-printed models. Evaluation of the Likert scores showed that model 4 which was printed by the mixed photosensitive resin material was the most conducive in surgery simulation and anatomy learning. The mean (standard deviation) 3D printing time is 16.3 (4.96) hours, and the mean (SD) printing cost is 4,500 (1183.22) RMB.Conclusion 3D printing technology has a high value in the application of endoscopic surgery for skull base tumors. The fast 3D printing time can satisfy the requirement of tight preoperative inspection time. Besides, the average price is acceptable for patients and clinical anatomy learning. The combination of the technology of 3D printing and the techniques of skull base endoscopy shows many unique advantages.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Rebeca Leu Alexa ◽  
Horia Iovu ◽  
Jana Ghitman ◽  
Andrada Serafim ◽  
Cristina Stavarache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Swelling Studies

The development of materials for 3D printing adapted for tissue engineering represents one of the main concerns nowadays. Our aim was to obtain suitable 3D-printed scaffolds based on methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). In this respect, three degrees of GelMA methacrylation, three different concentrations of GelMA (10%, 20%, and 30%), and also two concentrations of photoinitiator (I-2959) (0.5% and 1%) were explored to develop proper GelMA hydrogel ink formulations to be used in the 3D printing process. Afterward, all these GelMA hydrogel-based inks/3D-printed scaffolds were characterized structurally, mechanically, and morphologically. The presence of methacryloyl groups bounded to the surface of GelMA was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. The methacrylation degree influenced the value of the isoelectric point that decreased with the GelMA methacrylation degree. A greater concentration of photoinitiator influenced the hydrophilicity of the polymer as proved using contact angle and swelling studies because of the new bonds resulting after the photocrosslinking stage. According to the mechanical tests, better mechanical properties were obtained in the presence of the 1% initiator. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that the secondary structure of gelatin remained unaffected during the methacrylation process, thus being suitable for biological applications.

scholarly journals Advanced Surface Color Quality Assessment in Paper-Based Full-Color 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Jieni Tian ◽  
Jiangping Yuan ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Danyang Yao ◽  
Guangxue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
3D Printed

Color 3D printing allows for 3D-printed parts to represent 3D objects more realistically, but its surface color quality evaluation lacks comprehensive objective verification considering printing materials. In this study, a unique test model was designed and printed using eco-friendly and vivid paper-based full-color 3D printing as an example. By measuring the chromaticity, roughness, glossiness, and whiteness properties of 3D-printed surfaces and by acquiring images of their main viewing surfaces, this work skillfully explores the correlation between the color representation of a paper-based 3D-printed coloring layer and its attached underneath blank layer. Quantitative analysis was performed using ΔE*ab, feature similarity index measure of color image (FSIMc), and improved color-image-difference (iCID) values. The experimental results show that a color difference on color-printed surfaces exhibits a high linear correlation trend with its FSIMc metric and iCID metric. The qualitative analysis of microscopic imaging and the quantitative analysis of the above three surface properties corroborate the prediction of the linear correlation between color difference and image-based metrics. This study can provide inspiration for the development of computational coloring materials for additive manufacturing.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

Biomimetic Design of 3D Printed Tissue-engineered bone Constructs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Yunzhe Li ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Qian ma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract:: Surgery to repair damaged tissue, which is caused by disease or trauma, is being carried out all the time, and a desirable treatment is compelling need to regenerate damaged tissues to further improve the quality of human health. Therefore, more and more research focus on exploring the most suitable bionic design to enrich available treatment methods. 3D-printing, as an advanced materials processing approach, holds promising potential to create prototypes with complex constructs that could reproduce primitive tissues and organs as much as possible or provide appropriate cell-material interfaces. In a sense, 3D printing promises to bridge between tissue engineering and bionic design, which can provide an unprecedented personalized recapitulation with biomimetic function under the precise control of the composition and spatial distribution of cells and biomaterials. This article describes recent progress in 3D bionic design and the potential application prospect of 3D printing regenerative medicine including 3D printing biomimetic scaffolds and 3D cell printing in tissue engineering.

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