In Vitro Digestion and Fermentation by Human Fecal Microbiota of Polysaccharides from Flaxseed

The digestion of flaxseed polysaccharides (FSP) in simulated saliva, gastric and small intestine conditions was assessed, as well as in vitro fermentation of FSP by human gut microbiota. FSP was not degraded in the simulated digestive systems (there was no change in molecular weight or content of reducing sugars), indicating that ingested FSP would reach the large intestine intact. Changes in carbohydrate content, reducing sugars and culture pH suggested that FSP could be broken down and used by gut microbiota. FSP modulated the composition and structure of the gut microbiota by altering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the relative abundances of Prevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, Clostridium and Megamonas, which can degrade polysaccharides. Meanwhile, FSP fermentation increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, especially propionic and butyric acids. Our results indicate that FSP might be developed as a functional food that benefits gut health.

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Assessing the Effects of Ginger Extract on Polyphenol Profiles and the Subsequent Impact on the Fecal Microbiota by Simulating Digestion and Fermentation In Vitro

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3194

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Yong Chen ◽

Xiaosong Hu ◽

Fengqin Feng ◽

Luyun Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ph Value ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Health ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Mixed Culture Fermentation

The beneficial effects of ginger polyphenols have been extensively reported. However, their metabolic characteristics and health effects on gut microbiota are poor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestion stability of ginger polyphenols and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota by simulating digestion and fermentation in vitro. Following simulated digestion in vitro, 85% of the polyphenols were still detectable, and the main polyphenol constituents identified in ginger extract are 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in the digestive fluids. After batch fermentation, the changes in microbial populations were measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In mixed-culture fermentation with fecal inoculate, digested ginger extract (GE) significantly modulated the fecal microbiota structure and promoted the growth of some beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. Furthermore, incubation with GE could elevate the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) accompanied by a decrease in the pH value. Additionally, the quantitative PCR results showed that 6-gingerol (6G), as the main polyphenol in GE, increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly. Therefore, 6G is expected to be a potential prebiotic that improves human health by promoting gut health.

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In Vitro Fermentation of Sheep and Cow Milk Using Infant Fecal Bacteria

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1802 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalie Ahlborn ◽

Wayne Young ◽

Jane Mullaney ◽

Linda M. Samuelsson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Large Bowel ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Fecal Material ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Sheep Milk

While human milk is the optimal food for infants, formulas that contain ruminant milk can have an important role where breastfeeding is not possible. In this regard, cow milk is most commonly used. However, recent years have brought interest in other ruminant milk. While many similarities exist between ruminant milk, there are likely enough compositional differences to promote different effects in the infant. This may include effects on different bacteria in the large bowel, leading to different metabolites in the gut. In this study sheep and cow milk were digested using an in vitro infant digestive model, followed by fecal fermentation using cultures inoculated with fecal material from two infants of one month and five months of age. The effects of the cow and sheep milk on the fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and other metabolites were investigated. Significant differences in microbial, SCFA, and metabolite composition were observed between fermentation of sheep and cow milk using fecal inoculum from a one-month-old infant, but comparatively minimal differences using fecal inoculum from a five-month-old infant. These results show that sheep milk and cow milk can have differential effects on the gut microbiota, while demonstrating the individuality of the gut microbiome.

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Prebiotic Dietary Fiber and Gut Health: Comparing the In Vitro Fermentations of Beta-Glucan, Inulin and Xylooligosaccharide.

10.20944/preprints201710.0171.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justin L. Caelson ◽

Jennifer M. Erickson ◽

Julie M. Hess ◽

Trevor J. Gould ◽

Joanne L. Slavin

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Gas Production ◽

Gut Health ◽

Beta Glucan ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Gastrointestinal Health ◽

Oat Bran

Prebiotic dietary fiber supplements are commonly consumed to help meet fiber recommendations and improve gastrointestinal health by stimulating beneficial bacteria and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), molecules beneficial to host health. The objective of this research project was to compare potential prebiotic effects and fermentability of five commonly consumed fibers using an in vitro fermentation system measuring changes in fecal microbiota, total gas production and formation of common SCFAs. Fecal donations were collected from three healthy volunteers. Materials analyzed included: pure beta-glucan, Oatwell (commercially available oat-bran containing 22% oat β-glucan), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), WholeFiber (dried chicory root containing inulin, pectin, and hemi/celluloses), and pure inulin. Oatwell had the highest production of propionate at 12 h (4.76 μmol/mL) compared to inulin, WholeFiber and XOS samples (p<0.03). Oatwell’s effect was similar to those of the pure beta-glucan samples, both samples promoted the highest mean propionate production at 24 h. XOS resulted in a significant increase in the genus Bifidobacterium after 24 h of fermentation (0 h: 0.67 OTUs; 24 h: 5.22 OTUs; p = 0.038). Inulin and WholeFiber increased the beneficial genus Collinsella, consistent with findings in clinical studies. All analyzed compounds were fermentable and promoted the formation of beneficial SCFAs.

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Preservation of Human Gut Microbiota Inoculums for In Vitro Fermentations Studies

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7010014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Nelson Mota de Carvalho ◽

Diana Luazi Oliveira ◽

Mayra Anton Dib Saleh ◽

Manuela Pintado ◽

Ana Raquel Madureira

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Glycerol Solution ◽

Metabolic Profiles ◽

Human Gut ◽

Colonic Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Fecal Samples

The use of fecal inoculums for in vitro fermentation models requires a viable gut microbiota, capable of fermenting the unabsorbed nutrients. Fresh samples from human donors are used; however, the availability of fresh fecal inoculum and its inherent variability is often a problem. This study aimed to optimize a method of preserving pooled human fecal samples for in vitro fermentation studies. Different conditions and times of storage at −20 °C were tested. In vitro fermentation experiments were carried out for both fresh and frozen inoculums, and the metabolic profile compared. In comparison with the fresh, the inoculum frozen in a PBS and 30% glycerol solution, had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) bacterial count (<1 log CFU/mL). However, no significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the metabolic profiles after 48 h. Hence, a PBS and 30% glycerol solution can be used to maintain the gut microbiota viability during storage at −20 °C for at least 3 months, without interfering with the normal course of colonic fermentation.

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Wheat cell walls and constituent polysaccharides induce similar microbiota profiles upon in vitro fermentation despite different short chain fatty acid end-product levels.

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02509g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shiyi Lu ◽

Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽

Hong Yao ◽

Barbara Williams ◽

Bernadine Flanagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Human Gut ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

Plant cell walls as well as their component polysaccharides in foods can be utilized to alter and maintain a beneficial human gut microbiota, but it is not known whether the...

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Analysis of in vitro digestion using human gut microbiota in adult and elderly individuals

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130228

Author(s):

Seung Yun Lee ◽

Da Young Lee ◽

Hea Jin Kang ◽

Ji Hyeop Kang ◽

Hae Won Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Human Gut ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

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Combined in vitro colonic fermentation models with immobilized fecal microbiota and cell models to study the human gut microbiota in the healthy and diseased

Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.155 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 59-59

Author(s):

Christophe Lacroix

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Cell Models ◽

Human Gut ◽

Colonic Fermentation ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

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Effects of exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus on human gut microbiota in in vitro fermentation model

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110524 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 110524

Author(s):

Yuzhu Zhu ◽

Jia-Min Zhou ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Xionge Pi ◽

Qingqing Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Human Gut ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Fermentation Model

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In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Patterns of Arabinoxylan from Rice Bran on Gut Microbiota in Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Subjects

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1560-1560

Author(s):

Inah Gu ◽

Wing Shun Lam ◽

Daya Marasini ◽

Cindi Brownmiller ◽

Brett Savary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Block Design ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Health ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Arabinoxylan is a non-starch polysaccharide and rich in wheat, rice and many other cereal grains. Diets high in fiber help promoting gut health in obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of arabinoxylan from rice bran on the gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OO) subjects through in vitro fecal fermentation. Methods Arabinoxylan was extracted from rice bran fiber. For in vitro fecal fermentation, each fecal sample from NW (n = 6, 3 males and 3 females) and OO (n = 7, 3 males and 4 females) was diluted into anaerobic medium with three treatments: control (no substrates), fructooligosaccharides (FOS, a well-known prebiotic), and arabinoxylan. Samples were incubated at 37˚C and aliquots were taken at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. SCFA content from samples at all timepoints was analyzed using HPLC. Samples at 0 and 24 h were used for gut microbiota analysis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed for the randomized complete block design, where the weight classes are confounded with blocks (subjects). Friedman test was used to determine the difference at 5% level of significance. Results As a result, arabinoxylan treatment significantly increased total SCFA concentration in both NW and OO subjects than control (P < 0.05), comparable to FOS treatment. Between weight classes under arabinoxylan treatment, OO group showed a significantly higher total SCFA content than NW group (P < 0.05). Arabinoxylan changed gut microbial population at the genus level, stimulating Bifidobacterium, Collinsella and Blautia and decreasing Clostridium XIVa and b, Dorea and Oscillibacter (P < 0.05). In addition, different microbiome population was shown in weight classes with three treatments, showing higher Bacteroides in NW and higher Prevotella in OO. Conclusions These results showed that arabinoxylan from rice bran modified gut microbiota in both weight classes, increasing total SCFA content. This study suggests that arabinoxylan from rice bran may have a potential impact on microbial gut health in obesity with prebiotic activities. Funding Sources University of Arkansas.

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