scholarly journals Chemometric Screening of Fourteen Essential Oils for Their Composition and Biological Properties

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomena Monica Vella ◽  
Roberto Calandrelli ◽  
Domenico Cautela ◽  
Immacolata Fiume ◽  
Gabriella Pocsfalvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Yin Yang ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Essential oils (EOs) obtained from aromatic plants are widely used worldwide, especially in cosmetic and food products due to their aroma and biological properties and health benefits. Some EOs have significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and thus could effectively increase the shelf lives of foodstuff and beverages. In this study, fourteen essential oils (clove, eucalyptus, fennel, lavender, oregano, palmarosa, pepper, star anise, tea tree, turmeric, Chinese yin yang, Japanese yin yang, and ylang ylang) from different medicinal plant families were screened by gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for their different chemical profiles and bioassays were performed to assess their antifungal and antioxidant activities. The results obtained were assessed by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA distinguished six groups characterized by different terpene chemotypes. Amongst the EOs studied, the clove EO showed the strongest antioxidant activity characterized by an EC50 of 0.36 µL/mL. The oregano EO had the greatest antiyeast activity characterized by a minimal inhibitory concentration of 10 µL/mL. In conclusion, clove and oregano EOs are strong antifungal and antioxidant agents, respectively, with great potential in the food industry to avoid spoilage and to increase shelf life.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils from Magnolia grandiflora, Chrysactinia mexicana, and Schinus molle Found in Northeast Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Guerra-Boone ◽  
Rocío Álvarez-Román ◽  
Ricardo Salazar-Aranda ◽  
Anabel Torres-Cirio ◽  
Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Main Component

The essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora and Chrysactinia mexicana leaves, and from Schinus molle leaves and fruit, were characterized by gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight compounds from M. grandiflora leaves were identified (representing 93.6% of the total area of the gas chromatogram), with the major component being bornyl acetate (20.9%). Colorless and yellow oils were obtained from the C. mexicana leaves with 18 (86.7%) and 11 (100%) compounds identified, respectively. In both fractions, the principal component was sylvestrene (36.8% and 41.1%, respectively). The essential oils of S. molle leaves and fruit were each separated into colorless and yellow fractions, in which 14 (98.2) and 20 (99.8%) compounds were identified. The main component was α-phellandrene in all fractions (between 32.8% and 45.0%). The M. grandiflora oil displayed antifungal activity against five dermatophyte strains. The oils from S. molle and M. grandiflora leaves had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, which cause skin infections that potentially may lead to sepsis. However, the antioxidant activities of all oils were small (half maximal effective concentration values >250 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Aroma Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Alpinia zerumbet

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisuke Kuraya ◽  
Rui Yamashiro ◽  
Akiko Touyama ◽  
Shina Nakada ◽  
Kenta Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Future Production

The essential oil of A. zerumbet, obtained from the leaves through steam distillation, has a distinct aroma and shows antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluated the yields, antioxidant activity, and volatile compound composition of essential oils extracted from the leaves of A. zerumbet to better understand how these characteristics may vary among individual plants, and how they may differ with location of growth and season in which leaves are harvested. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that chemical composition in each individual plant was not affected by harvest season or growth area. Furthermore, GC/MS and antioxidant activity assays revealed that although the antioxidant activity and yield of these essential oils differed significantly between individual plants and collecting seasons, there was a strong inverse correlation between the yields of essential oils and their antioxidant activity. The yield, the major volatile compound compositions, the enantiomeric ratio of the few monoterpenes, and the antioxidant activities of A. zerumbet essential oil varied significantly among individual plants, and probably reflected the genetic variability within the species. This suggests the plausibility of selecting lineages of A. zerumbet to optimize future production of valuable essential oils.

Phytochemical Analysis and Assessment of Biological Properties of Essential Oils Obtained from Thyme and Rosmarinus Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-424
Author(s):  
Amira Zaïri ◽  
Sahar Nouir ◽  
Mohamed A. Khalifa ◽  
Bouraoui Ouni ◽  
Houda Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Thymus Algeriensis

Background: The plant species Thymus algeriensis (TA); Thymus capitatus (TC) and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), are widely used in traditional medicine in Tunisia. The bioactivities of their essential oils have been also reported previously. The main objective of this work was to assess the phytochemical composition, the antioxidant activity, cytotoxic potential and the antibacterial, antifungal, of the essential oil (EO) of these plants. Methods: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the constituents of the tested EO, chemical tests and spectrophotometric methods were used for antioxidant activities and for the screening, the quantification of phytochemicals. The cytotoxic potential of the EO was checked using HCT 116 cultures. Extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial potential by the microdilution method. Antifungal activities were tested using the Poisoned food method against: Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Results: The EO of tested plants presented several components, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Results revealed that T. capitatus EO is not toxic comparing to the other tested samples. Phenolic compounds were detected and this EO showed excellent antioxidant activity presenting dose dependent relationship. Regarding antimicrobial activity, T. capitatus EO, also had the highest inhibition against all tested bacteria and fungi. Conclusions: This study showed the importance of the bioactivities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and safety potential) of EOs of the plant species TC, RO, and TA used in traditional medicine.

Composition of essential oil and antioxidant activity of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk), Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Catha Edulis

In this study, we determined the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from two different varieties of khat (Catha edulis Forsk) cultivated in Ethiopia. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger type apparatus, identifications of compounds were made by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventy seven different compounds were identified from essential oils of the two different khat cultivars. The essential oils in the samples from Bahir Dar and Wendo were composed of 50 and 34 compounds, respectively. The major compound identified in khat essentials oils include: limonene, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, 1-hydroxy,1-phenyl-2-propanone, camphor, (sulfurous acid)-2-propylundecyl ester, hexadecane, O-mentha-1(7), 8-dien-3-ol, heptadecane, 10-methylnonadecane, (phthalic acid)-isobutyl octadecyl ester, and tritetracontane. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the oils were assessed by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay. The scavenging activities of the oils were 23.5-23.6 μg AAE/kg of fresh khat sample.

scholarly journals Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibet Tangpao ◽  
Hsiao-Hang Chung ◽  
Sarana Sommano
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ocimum Species ◽  
Holy Basil

The research objectives of this study are to analyse the volatile compositions of different basil types available in Thai markets and to descriptively determine their aromatic qualities. Essential oils were hydro-distillated from fresh leaves of two Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) varieties namely, white and red and other basil species, including Tree basil (O. gratissimum), Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum), and Lemon basil (O. citriodorum). Oil physiochemical characteristics and volatile chromatograms from Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the chemical compositions. Estragole, eugenol, and methyl eugenol were among the major volatiles found in the essential oils of these basil types. Classification by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) advised that these Ocimum spp. samples are grouped based on either the distinctive anise, citrus aroma (estragole, geranial and neral), or spice-like aroma (methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-cubebene). The essential oils were also used for descriptive sensorial determination by five semi-trained panellists, using the following developed terms: anise, citrus, herb, spice, sweet, and woody. The panellists were able to differentiate essential oils of white Holy basil from red Holy basil based on the intensity of the anisic attribute, while the anise and citrus scents were detected as dominant in the Lemon basil, Tree basil, and Thai basil essential oils. The overall benefit from this research was the elucidation of aromatic qualities from Thai common Ocimum species in order to assess their potential as the raw materials for new food products.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and biological properties of essential oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽  
Peyman Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oil Repellent

Essential oils constitute a heterogeneous collection of chemical compounds. Their main characteristics are that they all synthesized by plants and are volatile and mostly soluble in ethanol. They have traditionally been obtained from plants and they have been widely used for insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Essential oils contains about 20–60 components at quite different concentrations and they are characterized by two or three major components at fairly high concentrations. Lately, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have gained special interest as sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents because of the resistance to antibiotics that some microorganisms have acquired and the possible toxicities of the synthetic antioxidants. Spices consumed daily in different types of food to improve flavors, since ancient times, are well known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. During recent decades, numerous numbers of plants have been monitored for their possible role as repellents and insecticides. In this review, the chemical composition profile of some important medicinal plants was evaluated, then antimicrobial properties of a number of essential oils was compared. Antioxidant activity of some essential oils was also considered. Finally, essential oil repellent properties an an important characteristics was evaluated. Further investigation for available data related to the other biological properties of medicinal plants essential oil is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 9-13

scholarly journals Seasonal Study of Methyleugenol Chemotype of Ocimum campechianum Essential Oil and Its Fungicidal and Antioxidant Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo ◽  
Sebastião G. Silva ◽  
Lidiane D. Nascimento ◽  
Alessandra R. Ramos ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Ocimum Species ◽  
Main Component ◽  
High Antifungal Activity

Ocimum species (Lamiaceae) have aroused great interest to the scientific community with respect to different biological properties attributed to their essential oils. The seasonal variation and antioxidant and fungical activities were carried out for the essential oil of Ocimum campechianum. Its essential oil showed an excellent yield (0.5–5.3%) throughout the season. The essential oils of leaves/stems and inflorescences were analyzed by GC and GC-MS to identify their volatile constituents and associate them with the antioxidant and antifungal activities. Methyleugenol was the main component in the leaves/stems (80.0-87.0%) and inflorescences (75.3–83.5%). The essential oil and the methyleugenol standard showed low antioxidant activity (<40%) against DPPH radical, but high antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gossypii phytopatogens as well as the mycelial growth and spore germination of the fungi. The high levels of methyleugenol coupled with good fungicidal activity give great agroindustrial potential to this Ocimum species.

scholarly journals Effects of Gender and Geographical Origin on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Activity of Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Suzana Struiving ◽  
Ana Carolina Mendes Hacke ◽  
Edésio Luiz Simionatto ◽  
Dilamara Riva Scharf ◽  
Cláudia Vargas Klimaczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Baccharis Trimera

This study aimed to characterize and compare essential oils and ethyl acetate fractions obtained in basic and acidic conditions from both male and female Baccharis species (Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera) from two different Brazilian regions. Samples were characterized according to their chemical compositions and antiradical activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided a clear separation regarding the chemical composition of essential oils from the samples obtained from different regions by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with flame-ionization detection (GC-MS-FID). PCA also revealed that gender and region of plant collections did not influence the chemical composition and antiradical activity of ethyl acetate fractions, which was corroborated with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) data. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) identified significant quantities of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the fractions obtained in basic and acidic fractions, respectively. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the geographical region of plant collection influenced the chemical composition of essential oils from the studied Baccharis species. Moreover, the obtained fractions were constituted by several antiradical compounds, which reinforced the usage of these species in folk medicine.

scholarly journals Ant and mite diversity drives toxin variation in the Little Devil poison frog

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna R McGugan ◽  
Gary D Byrd ◽  
Alexandre B Roland ◽  
Stephanie N Caty ◽  
Nisha Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Frog Skin ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Poison Frog ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Poison frogs sequester chemical defenses from arthropod prey, although the details of how arthropod diversity contributes to variation in poison frog toxins remains unclear. We characterized skin alkaloid profiles in the Little Devil frog, Oophaga sylvatica (Dendrobatidae), across three populations in northwestern Ecuador. Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, we identified histrionicotoxins, 3,5- and 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines, decahydroquinolines, and lehmizidines as the primary alkaloid toxins in these O. sylvatica populations. Frog skin alkaloid composition varied along a latitudinal gradient across populations in a principal component analysis. We also characterized diversity in arthropods isolated from frog stomach contents and confirmed O. sylvatica specialize on ants and mites. To test the hypothesis that poison frog toxin diversity reflects species and chemical diversity in arthropod prey, we (1) used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to chemically profile consumed ants and mites, and (2) used sequencing of cytochrome oxidase 1 to identify individual prey specimens. We show that chemical profiles of consumed ants and mites cluster by frog population, suggesting different frog populations have access to chemically distinct prey. We identified 45 ants and 9 mites isolated from frog stomachs, finding several undescribed species. Finally, by comparing chemical profiles of frog skin and isolated prey items, we were able to trace the arthropod source of four poison frog alkaloids, including 3,5- and 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines and a lehmizidine alkaloid. Together, our data shows the diversity of alkaloid toxins found in O. sylvatica can be traced to chemical diversity in arthropod prey.

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