scholarly journals The Beneficial Effects of Principal Polyphenols from Green Tea, Coffee, Wine, and Curry on Obesity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Ohishi ◽  
Ryuuta Fukutomi ◽  
Yutaka Shoji ◽  
Shingo Goto ◽  
Mamoru Isemura
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the beneficial effects of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry on human health, with its anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties. These effects, which have been supported using cell-based and animal studies, are mainly attributed to epigallocatechin gallate found in green tea, chlorogenic acid in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. Polyphenols are proposed to function via various mechanisms, the most important of which is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These polyphenols exert conflicting dual actions as anti- and pro-oxidants. Their anti-oxidative actions help scavenge ROS and downregulate nuclear factor-κB to produce favorable anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, pro-oxidant actions appear to promote ROS generation leading to the activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, which modulates different enzymes and factors with health beneficial roles. Currently, it remains unclear how these polyphenols exert either pro- or anti-oxidant effects. Similarly, several human studies showed no beneficial effects of these foods, and, by extension polyphenols, on obesity. These inconsistencies may be attributed to different confounding study factors. Thus, this review provides a state-of-the-art update on these foods and their principal polyphenol components, with an assumption that it prevents obesity.

scholarly journals Tea Polyphenols in Promotion of Human Health

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naghma Khan ◽  
Hasan Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Tea is the most widely used beverage worldwide. Japanese and Chinese people have been drinking tea for centuries and in Asia, it is the most consumed beverage besides water. It is a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules which have been implicated to provide diverse health benefits. The three major forms of tea are green, black and oolong tea based on the degree of fermentation. The composition of tea differs with the species, season, leaves, climate, and horticultural practices. Polyphenols are the major active compounds present in teas. The catechins are the major polyphenolic compounds in green tea, which include epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate and epicatechin, gallocatechins and gallocatechin gallate. EGCG is the predominant and most studied catechin in green tea. There are numerous evidences from cell culture and animal studies that tea polyphenols have beneficial effects against several pathological diseases including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The polyphenolic compounds present in black tea include theaflavins and thearubigins. In this review article, we will summarize recent studies documenting the role of tea polyphenols in the prevention of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological diseases.

Beneficial Effects of Ashitaba (Gynura nepalensis): Users’ Testimonies

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
FLORIDA U. URSULOM ◽  
ANICETO R. RIALUBIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Angelica Keiskei ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Method

Ashitaba (Gynura nepalensis, Gynura procumbens, Gynura acutifolia) is the ashitaba grown in the Philippines. Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei Kodzumi) originated in the Island of Hachijo, Japan. Both ashitaba have been studied by researchers using animals and in test tubes and have been claimed to be anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and anti-diabetic. Generally, this study aimed to widen the dissemination of the beneficial effects of ashitaba (Gynura nepalensis) based from testimonies of users. This study utilized the descriptive method of research with data presented in tabular form and analyzed in textual manner, used quota sampling, interview with guide questions, and frequency and percentage and rank. Findings showed that giving a lighter and healthier feeling, emitting stomach gas and giving a lighter feeling, and giving energy ranks 1, 2, and 3, respectively; on the other hand, aiding in dialysis, treating pharyngitis, goiter, and pain in nipples ranks last among the testimonies of respondents. Based on findings, it is concluded that ashitaba (G. nepalensis), is a health enhancer, medicine and good for health maintenance. Further, it is recommended that the result of this study be widely disseminated to be of help particularly to the poor, rich, pharmacologists, food businessmen, researchers, and other interested identities.Keywords: Social Sciences, Gynura nepalensis, Gynura precumbens, Angelica keiskei Kodzumi,quota sampling, Philippines

scholarly journals Green tea (−)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the growth of human villous trophoblasts via the ERK, p38, AMP-activated protein kinase, and protein kinase B pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. C308-C321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jane Shih ◽  
Tz-Fang Chen ◽  
Cheng-Kuo Lin ◽  
Hang-Shen Liu ◽  
Yung-Hsi Kao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Protein Kinase B ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Tea Catechins ◽  
Green Tea Catechins ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Green tea catechins, especially (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have been reported to circulate in the placenta of animals and blood of humans after consumption. Whether EGCG regulates activity of human villous trophoblasts (HVT) is unknown. This study investigated the pathways involved in EGCG modulation of trophoblast mitogenesis. EGCG inhibited trophoblast proliferation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, as indicated by the number of cells and incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). EGCG was more effective than other green tea catechins in inhibiting cell growth. EGCG also increased the phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway proteins, ERK1/2, and p38, but not JNK. Furthermore, EGCG had no effects on the total amounts of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK proteins. This suggests that EGCG selectively affects particular MAPK subfamilies. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) antagonized EGCG-induced decreases in both cell number and BrdU incorporation. These inhibitors also blocked EGCG-induced increases in the levels of phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-p38, and phospho-AMPK proteins, respectively. Moreover, EGCG was similar to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002 to decrease protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, cell number, and BrdU incorporation. These data imply that EGCG inhibits the growth of HVT through the ERK, p38, AMPK, and AKT pathways.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Green Tea EGCG on Skin Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6123
Author(s):  
Fa-Wei Xu ◽  
Ying-Li Lv ◽  
Yu-Fan Zhong ◽  
Ya-Nan Xue ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is associated with various health benefits. In this review, we searched current work about the effects of EGCG and its wound dressings on skin for wound healing. Hydrogels, nanoparticles, micro/nanofiber networks and microneedles are the major types of EGCG-containing wound dressings. The beneficial effects of EGCG and its wound dressings at different stages of skin wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling) were summarized based on the underlying mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, angiogenesis and antifibrotic properties. This review expatiates on the rationale of using EGCG to promote skin wound healing and prevent scar formation, which provides a future clinical application direction of EGCG.

Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 813-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Xi Zeng ◽  
Sen Wang ◽  
Lu Wei ◽  
Ying-Yu Cui ◽  
Yi-Han Chen
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.

scholarly journals Applications of a Standardized Green Tea Catechin Preparation for Viral Warts and Human Papilloma Virus-Related and Unrelated Cancers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Miyoshi ◽  
Hiroki Tanabe ◽  
Takuji Suzuki ◽  
Koichi Saeki ◽  
Yukihiko Hara
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Green Tea Catechin

Most cell-based and animal experiments have shown that green tea catechins (GTC) exhibit various health benefits. In human experimental and epidemiological studies, there are conflicting results, and more precise investigations are required. One of the most effective ways to prove beneficial health effects in humans might be clinical intervention studies. Polyphenon®E was developed as a standardized GTC preparation, which was approved by Food and Drug Administration of US in 2006 as a medication to treat genital warts (Veregen® or sinecatechins). Positive efficacy of Polyphenon®E/sinecatechins/Veregen® (PSV) on anogenital warts has been demonstrated in several epidemiological studies and there have been several case reports to show the clinical effectiveness of PSV. In addition, several studies have provided evidence to suggest that PSV is effective in other human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases, although some studies failed to show such effects. Since (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the major component of PSV, the mechanism of the action of PSV might be deduced from that of EGCG. The microarray analysis of the biopsy samples from the patients suggested that apoptosis induction and the downregulation of inflammation are involved in the mechanism of the action of PSV in the clearance of anogenital warts. Cell-based and animal experiments using PSV also demonstrated effects similar to those elicited by EGCG, explaining how PSV works to induce apoptosis and exert anti-inflammatory actions in HPV-related diseases. Future studies would clarify what kinds of diseases respond effectively to PSV, showing health benefits of GTC and EGCG in humans.

Thyroid hormone in the frontier of cell protection, survival and functional recovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Videla ◽  
Virginia Fernández ◽  
Pamela Cornejo ◽  
Romina Vargas ◽  
Iván Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Thyroid hormone (TH) exerts important actions on cellular energy metabolism, accelerating O2consumption with consequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and redox signalling affording cell protection, a response that is contributed by redox-independent mechanisms. These processes underlie genomic and non-genomic pathways, which are integrated and exhibit hierarchical organisation. ROS production led to the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, activating protein 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, promoting cell protection and survival by TH. These features involve enhancement in the homeostatic potential including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiinflammatory and cell proliferation responses, besides higher detoxification capabilities and energy supply through AMP-activated protein kinase upregulation. The above aspects constitute the molecular basis for TH-induced preconditioning of the liver that exerts protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, a strategy also observed in extrahepatic organs of experimental animals and with other types of injury, which awaits application in the clinical setting. Noteworthy, re-adjusting TH to normal levels results in several beneficial effects; for example, it lengthens the cold storage time of organs for transplantation from brain-dead donors; allows a superior neurological outcome in infants of <28 weeks of gestation; reduces the cognitive side-effects of lithium and improves electroconvulsive therapy in patients with bipolar disorders.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Rich Green Tea Extract Ameliorates Fatty Liver and Weight Gain in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet by Activating the Sirtuin 1 and AMP Activating Protein Kinase Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 617-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ui-Jin Bae ◽  
John Park ◽  
Il Woon Park ◽  
Byung Min Chae ◽  
Mi-Ra Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tea Extract

The prevalence of metabolic diseases has risen globally in parallel with the obesity epidemic over the past few decades. Green tea has been reported to have metabolically beneficial effects on obesity; however, the mechanism by which green tea regulates lipid metabolism is not clearly understood. Male c57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD supplemented with various doses of epigallocatechin gallate-rich green tea extract (GTE) for 12 weeks. GTE supplementation reduced body weight gain, prevented hepatic fat accumulation, decreased hypertriglyceridemia, and improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. The underlying mechanisms of these beneficial effects of GTE might involve the upregulation of sirtuin 1 and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the downregulation of enzymes related to de novo lipogenesis. Consistent with the in vivo findings, GTE increased the expression and activity of sirtuin 1, enhanced the binding of sirtuin 1 to liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and subsequent deacetylation of LKB1, and reduced triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells. These results suggest the possible therapeutic potential of dietary epigallocatechin gallate-rich GTE supplementation for preventing the development and progression of hepatic steatosis and obesity.

scholarly journals Anti-cancer properties epigallocatechin-gallate contained in green tea

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Donejko ◽  
Marek Niczyporuk ◽  
Elżbieta Galicka ◽  
Andrzej Przylipiak
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Anti Cancer

Malonyl-CoA and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK): possible links between insulin resistance in muscle and early endothelial cell damage in diabetes

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Ruderman ◽  
J.M. Cacicedo ◽  
S. Itani ◽  
N. Yagihashi ◽  
A.K. Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Acid Esterification

Based on available evidence, we would propose the following. (i) Excesses of glucose and free fatty acids cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and damage to the endothelial cell by a similar mechanism. (ii) Key pathogenetic events in this mechanism very likely include increased fatty acid esterification, protein kinase C activation, an increase in oxidative stress (demonstrated to date in endothelium) and alterations in the inhibitor κB kinase/nuclear factor κB system. (iii) Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits all of these events and enhances insulin signalling in the endothelial cell. It also enhances insulin action in muscle; however, the mechanism by which it does so has not been well studied. (iv) The reported beneficial effects of exercise and metformin on cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance in humans could be related to the fact that they activate AMPK. (v) The comparative roles of AMPK in regulating metabolism, signalling and gene expression in muscle and endothelial cells warrant further study.

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