scholarly journals Wearable Biosensors: An Alternative and Practical Approach in Healthcare and Disease Monitoring

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Atul Sharma ◽  
Mihaela Badea ◽  
Swapnil Tiwari ◽  
Jean Louis Marty
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Biomedical Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

With the increasing prevalence of growing population, aging and chronic diseases continuously rising healthcare costs, the healthcare system is undergoing a vital transformation from the traditional hospital-centered system to an individual-centered system. Since the 20th century, wearable sensors are becoming widespread in healthcare and biomedical monitoring systems, empowering continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for monitoring of the diseased condition and health, medical diagnostics and evaluation in biological fluids like saliva, blood, and sweat. Over the past few decades, the developments have been focused on electrochemical and optical biosensors, along with advances with the non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers, bacteria and hormones, etc. Wearable devices have evolved gradually with a mix of multiplexed biosensing, microfluidic sampling and transport systems integrated with flexible materials and body attachments for improved wearability and simplicity. These wearables hold promise and are capable of a higher understanding of the correlations between analyte concentrations within the blood or non-invasive biofluids and feedback to the patient, which is significantly important in timely diagnosis, treatment, and control of medical conditions. However, cohort validation studies and performance evaluation of wearable biosensors are needed to underpin their clinical acceptance. In the present review, we discuss the importance, features, types of wearables, challenges and applications of wearable devices for biological fluids for the prevention of diseased conditions and real-time monitoring of human health. Herein, we summarize the various wearable devices that are developed for healthcare monitoring and their future potential has been discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Wearable Devices for Non-Invasive Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Su Min Yun ◽  
Moohyun Kim ◽  
Yong Won Kwon ◽  
Hyobeom Kim ◽  
Mi Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

The development of wearable sensors is aimed at enabling continuous real-time health monitoring, which leads to timely and precise diagnosis anytime and anywhere. Unlike conventional wearable sensors that are somewhat bulky, rigid, and planar, research for next-generation wearable sensors has been focused on establishing fully-wearable systems. To attain such excellent wearability while providing accurate and reliable measurements, fabrication strategies should include (1) proper choices of materials and structural designs, (2) constructing efficient wireless power and data transmission systems, and (3) developing highly-integrated sensing systems. Herein, we discuss recent advances in wearable devices for non-invasive sensing, with focuses on materials design, nano/microfabrication, sensors, wireless technologies, and the integration of those.

scholarly journals Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lyu ◽  
Shiyu Gan ◽  
Yu Bao ◽  
Lijie Zhong ◽  
Jianan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Double Layer Capacitance ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Stability ◽  
Electric Double Layer Capacitance ◽  
Redox Capacitance

Wearable sensors based on solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) are currently attracting intensive attention in monitoring human health conditions through real-time and non-invasive analysis of ions in biological fluids. SC-ISEs have gone through a revolution with improvements in potential stability and reproducibility. The introduction of new transducing materials, the understanding of theoretical potentiometric responses, and wearable applications greatly facilitate SC-ISEs. We review recent advances in SC-ISEs including the response mechanism (redox capacitance and electric-double-layer capacitance mechanisms) and crucial solid transducer materials (conducting polymers, carbon and other nanomaterials) and applications in wearable sensors. At the end of the review we illustrate the existing challenges and prospects for future SC-ISEs. We expect this review to provide readers with a general picture of SC-ISEs and appeal to further establishing protocols for evaluating SC-ISEs and accelerating commercial wearable sensors for clinical diagnosis and family practice.

Pedestrian Crossings Detection by using Driving Assistance Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Takialddin Al Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Detection Of Objects ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

This paper mainly studies Driving Assistance Systems and Detection Pedestrian Crossings of traffic and control, many years around the world and company studies have been conducted on intelligent transport systems (ITS). Intelligent vehicle, (IV) the system is part of a system which is designed to assist drivers in the perception of any dangerous situations before, to avoid accidents after sensing and understanding the environment around it.  Methodology: we made an analysis of the peculiarities of the task of surveillance for pedestrian crossings and presented a detection system which these features into account. The system consists of a detector based on histograms of oriented gradients, and activity detector. The proposed Results tested detection precision and performance of the proposed system. The motion of the work is to combine the proposed system and the tracker. The results show that an adequate application of the quality and performance of the developed algorithm of detection of objects of interest in the work.

scholarly journals Evolution of Wearable Devices with Real-Time Disease Monitoring for Personalized Healthcare

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeonghye Guk ◽  
Gaon Han ◽  
Jaewoo Lim ◽  
Keunwon Jeong ◽  
Taejoon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Biomedical Monitoring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Barriers And Challenges

Wearable devices are becoming widespread in a wide range of applications, from healthcare to biomedical monitoring systems, which enable continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for medical diagnostics, physiological health monitoring and evaluation. Especially as the elderly population grows globally, various chronic and acute diseases become increasingly important, and the medical industry is changing dramatically due to the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and real-time monitoring of long-term health conditions. Wearable devices have evolved gradually in the form of accessories, integrated clothing, body attachments and body inserts. Over the past few decades, the tremendous development of electronics, biocompatible materials and nanomaterials has resulted in the development of implantable devices that enable the diagnosis and prognosis through small sensors and biomedical devices, and greatly improve the quality and efficacy of medical services. This article summarizes the wearable devices that have been developed to date, and provides a review of their clinical applications. We will also discuss the technical barriers and challenges in the development of wearable devices, and discuss future prospects on wearable biosensors for prevention, personalized medicine and real-time health monitoring.

scholarly journals Thread-based wearable devices

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfei Xia ◽  
Shirin Khaliliazar ◽  
Mahiar Max Hamedi ◽  
Sameer Sonkusale
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
Human Machine Interfaces ◽  
Advanced Therapies ◽  
Computing Platforms ◽  
And Performance

Abstract One-dimensional substrates such as textile fibers and threads offer an excellent opportunity to realize sensors, actuators, energy harvesters/storage, microfluidics, and advanced therapies. A new generation of wearable devices made from smart threads offer ultimate flexibility and seamless integration with the human body and the garments that adorn them. This article reviews the state of the art in thread-based wearable devices for monitoring human activity and performance, diagnoses and manages medical conditions, and provides new and improved human–machine interfaces. In the area of new and improved human–machine interfaces, it discusses novel computing platforms enabled using thread-based electronics and batteries/capacitors. For physical activity monitoring, a review of wearable devices using strain sensing threads is provided. Thread-based devices that can monitor health from biological fluids such as total analysis systems, wearable sweat sensing patches, and smart sutures/smart bandages are also included. The article concludes with an outlook on how fibers and threads are expected to impact and revolutionize the next generation of wearable devices. Knowledge gaps and emerging opportunities are presented. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals An Overview of Wearable Piezoresistive and Inertial Sensors for Respiration Rate Monitoring

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Roberto De Fazio ◽  
Marco Stabile ◽  
Massimo De Vittorio ◽  
Ramiro Velázquez ◽  
Paolo Visconti
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Environments

The demand for wearable devices to measure respiratory activity is constantly growing, finding applications in a wide range of scenarios (e.g., clinical environments and workplaces, outdoors for monitoring sports activities, etc.). Particularly, the respiration rate (RR) is a vital parameter since it indicates serious illness (e.g., pneumonia, emphysema, pulmonary embolism, etc.). Therefore, several solutions have been presented in the scientific literature and on the market to make RR monitoring simple, accurate, reliable and noninvasive. Among the different transduction methods, the piezoresistive and inertial ones satisfactorily meet the requirements for smart wearable devices since unobtrusive, lightweight and easy to integrate. Hence, this review paper focuses on innovative wearable devices, detection strategies and algorithms that exploit piezoresistive or inertial sensors to monitor the breathing parameters. At first, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of innovative piezoresistive wearable devices for measuring user’s respiratory variables. Later, a survey of novel piezoresistive textiles to develop wearable devices for detecting breathing movements is reported. Afterwards, the state-of-art about wearable devices to monitor the respiratory parameters, based on inertial sensors (i.e., accelerometers and gyroscopes), is presented for detecting dysfunctions or pathologies in a non-invasive and accurate way. In this field, several processing tools are employed to extract the respiratory parameters from inertial data; therefore, an overview of algorithms and methods to determine the respiratory rate from acceleration data is provided. Finally, comparative analysis for all the covered topics are reported, providing useful insights to develop the next generation of wearable sensors for monitoring respiratory parameters.

The role of copper ions in hydrogen peroxide bleaching: Their origin, removal, and effect on pulp quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO E.G. LOUREIRO ◽  
SANDRINE DUARTE ◽  
DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN ◽  
M. GRAÇA V.S. CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

This study puts particular emphasis on the role of copper ions in the performance of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (P-stage). Owing to their variable levels across the bleaching line due to washing filtrates, bleaching reagents, and equipment corrosion, these ions can play a major role in hydrogen peroxide decomposition and be detrimental to polysaccharide integrity. In this study, a Cu-contaminated D0(EOP)D1 prebleached pulp was subjected to an acidic washing (A-stage) or chelation (Q-stage) before the alkaline P-stage. The objective was to understand the isolated and combined role of copper ions in peroxide bleaching performance. By applying an experimental design, it was possible to identify the main effects of the pretreatment variables on the extent of metals removal and performance of the P-stage. The acid treatment was unsuccessful in terms of complete copper removal, magnesium preservation, and control of hydrogen peroxide consumption in the following P-stage. Increasing reaction temperature and time of the acidic A-stage improved the brightness stability of the D0(EOP)D1AP bleached pulp. The optimum conditions for chelation pretreatment to maximize the brightness gains obtained in the subsequent P-stage with the lowest peroxide consumption were 0.4% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 80ºC, and 4.5 pH.

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for industrial and medical applications-An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2897-2908
Author(s):  
Mohammed S.Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Image Reconstruction Techniques ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optimization And Performance

Tomography is a non-invasive, non-intrusive imaging technique allowing the visualization of phase dynamics in industrial and biological processes. This article reviews progress in Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT). ECVT is a direct 3D visualizing technique, unlike three-dimensional imaging, which is based on stacking 2D images to obtain an interpolated 3D image. ECVT has recently matured for real time, non-invasive 3-D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrast in dielectric permittivity. In this article, ECVT sensor design, optimization and performance of various sensors seen in literature are summarized. Qualitative Analysis of ECVT image reconstruction techniques has also been presented.

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