A Synergic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the pathogenic agent responsible for the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (BCK) leading to major losses in kiwifruit productions. No effective treatments and measures have yet been found to control this disease. Despite antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) having been successfully used for the control of several pathogenic bacteria, few studies have focused on the use of AMPs against Psa. In this study, the potential of six AMPs (BP100, RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) to control Psa was investigated. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined and membrane damaging capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Among the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for BP100 and CA-M with MIC of 3.4 and 3.4–6.2 µM, respectively and MBC 3.4–10 µM for both. Flow cytometry assays suggested a faster membrane permeation for peptide 3.1, in comparison with the other AMPs studied. Peptide mixtures were also tested, disclosing the high efficiency of BP100:3.1 at low concentration to reduce Psa viability. These results highlight the potential interest of AMP mixtures against Psa, and 3.1 as an antimicrobial molecule that can improve other treatments in synergic action.

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Evaluation of bacteriophages in the biocontrol of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae isolated from cankers on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Turkey

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00385-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Akbaba ◽

Hatice Ozaktan

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Productivity Losses ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Phenotypic Tests

Abstract Background Bacterial canker and subsequent gummosis are caused by multiple pathogens and lead to significant yield and productivity losses in sweet cherry cultivation in Turkey. This study identified that Pseudomonas syringae pathovars were responsible for bacterial canker on sweet cherry orchards by using classical and molecular methods and evaluated the biocontrol effects of bacteriophages against P. syringae pv. syringae. Results Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from samples taken from plants showing symptoms of bacterial canker in cherry orchards located in İzmir and Manisa provinces. Specific pathogens were identified using pathogenicity, phenotypic tests, and simplex PCR. Bacteriophages effective against P. syringae strains were isolated from soil contaminated with pathogens identified in the diseased orchards using an optimized isolation protocol. The biocontrol activity of bacteriophage isolates against P. syringae pv. syringae was tested in vitro and in vivo. The results of pathogenicity tests on immature sweet cherry fruits and micropropagated cherry plantlets revealed 10 pathogenic bacteria isolates from 44 plant samples taken from sweet cherry orchards showing symptoms of bacterial canker. Conclusions Ten isolates were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Nine different pure bacteriophage isolates were effective. The results indicated that bacteriophage isolates may demonstrate variable reactivity against P. syringae pathovars.

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Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae on Cryptomeria japonica a nonhost plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2012.65.5417 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.L. Vanneste ◽

B.J. Moffat ◽

J.M. Oldham

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Cryptomeria Japonica ◽

Host Plants ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Nonhost Plant ◽

Shelter Belts ◽

Common Plant ◽

Common Plant Species

Pseudomonas syringae is a group of plant pathogenic bacteria that can survive in the environment outside their host plants The environment can therefore act as a reservoir for the pathogen The goal of this study was to determine whether Cryptomeria japonica one of the most common plant species used in the Bay of Plenty as shelter belts between blocks of kiwifruit could harbour Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit To determine whether C japonica could constitute a source of inoculum potted plants maintained in a PC2 laboratory were inoculated with different concentrations of a streptomycinresistant derivative of Psa Populations of Psa were determined at regular intervals up to 18 days after inoculation In all experiments populations of Psa declined over time Therefore under laboratory conditions C japonica did not support the multiplication of the pathogen

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The Continuing Story of Class IIa Bacteriocins

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews ◽

10.1128/mmbr.00016-05 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 564-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 445

Author(s):

Djamel Drider ◽

Gunnar Fimland ◽

Yann Héchard ◽

Lynn M. McMullen ◽

Hervé Prévost

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Structure Function ◽

Target Cell ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Hydrophobic Interactions ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Target Cells ◽

Dominant Group

SUMMARY Many bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, which are also referred to as peptide bacteriocins. The class IIa bacteriocins, often designated pediocin-like bacteriocins, constitute the most dominant group of antimicrobial peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria. The bacteriocins that belong to this class are structurally related and kill target cells by membrane permeabilization. Despite their structural similarity, class IIa bacteriocins display different target cell specificities. In the search for new antibiotic substances, the class IIa bacteriocins have been identified as promising new candidates and have thus received much attention. They kill some pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Listeria) with high efficiency, and they constitute a good model system for structure-function analyses of antimicrobial peptides in general. This review focuses on class IIa bacteriocins, especially on their structure, function, mode of action, biosynthesis, bacteriocin immunity, and current food applications. The genetics and biosynthesis of class IIa bacteriocins are well understood. The bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized with an N-terminal leader sequence, which is cleaved off upon secretion. After externalization, the class IIa bacteriocins attach to potential target cells and, through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, subsequently permeabilize the cell membrane of sensitive cells. Recent observations suggest that a chiral interaction and possibly the presence of a mannose permease protein on the target cell surface are required for a bacteria to be sensitive to class IIa bacteriocins. There is also substantial evidence that the C-terminal half penetrates into the target cell membrane, and it plays an important role in determining the target cell specificity of these bacteriocins. Immunity proteins protect the bacteriocin producer from the bacteriocin it secretes. The three-dimensional structures of two class IIa immunity proteins have been determined, and it has been shown that the C-terminal halves of these cytosolic four-helix bundle proteins specify which class IIa bacteriocin they protect against.

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THE ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM SPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE Mentha GENUS AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2018.6.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽

Tomasz M. Staniek ◽

Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽

Beata Dasiewicz ◽

Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Interspecies Hybrids

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

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Effect of a protectant copper application on Psa infection of kiwifruit trap plants

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.65 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 310-314

Author(s):

J.L. Tyson ◽

S.J. Dobson ◽

M.A. Manning

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Disease Control ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Low Risk ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Complete Protection ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Copper Compounds ◽

Trap Plants

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit, which is an ongoing threat to New Zealand kiwifruit production. Disease control depends on orchard practices such as removal of visibly diseased material, pruning during low-risk periods, and the application of foliar bactericides. Although the use of copper compounds on Actinidia species (kiwifruit) can cause phytotoxicity, copper-based formulations remain a key component of Psa control in New Zealand. The effect of single copper applications on Psa infection of ‘Hort16A’ trap plants was studied over the Spring of 2014 (Sept—Nov). Psa leaf spots were observed at the beginning of October, appearing first on the untreated plants. Although the copper sprays did not achieve complete protection, particularly as the inoculum built up during November, the copper-sprayed plants always had less disease than the untreated plants.

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of the Reactive Oxygen Species in Immature Granulocytes in Septic Patient

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03846596 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Flow Cytometry ◽

Septic Patient ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Flow Cytometry Analysis

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BIOASSAY TO DETERMINE CHERRY ROOTSTOCK TOLERANCE TO `BACTERIAL CANKER' CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.11.1354 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 1354F-1355

Author(s):

Elzbieta Krzesinska ◽

Anita Nina Miller

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Avirulent Strain ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Symptom Development ◽

Virulent Strains ◽

Callus Production ◽

Root Stock ◽

One Year

An excised twig assay was developed to evaluate cherry geno-types for their tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. One-year-old wood was collected at monthly intervals from October until January of `Royal Ann', `Corum', and a number of cherry rootstock. The rootstock included; F/12–1 and Giessen (GI) and M × M selections. A 2-cm incision (“^”-shaped flap) was made on each twig. A 20-μl droplet of inoculum or water was placed onto each incision. The inoculum was prepared with one avirulent (K4) and three virulent strains (W4N54, AP2, B15) concentrations (105, 106, or 107 cfu). Inoculated twigs were placed in test tubes and incubated at 15C in high relative humidity for 3 weeks. After incubation, twigs were evaluated for gummosis production (0–3, 0 = no gummosis), incision browning (1–4, 1 = yellow pith), and callus production (0–1, 0 = no callus). The concentration of bacterial suspension had no effect on symptom development. No gummosis or browning was observed on twigs inoculated with water or the avirulent strain. Based on the gummosis and browning ratings, rootstock M × M 2, M × M 39, M × M 60, GI 148-1, GI 154-2, and GI 154-4 were found to be resistant to these three strains of P. syringae in this assay. Root-stock F 12-1, GI 169–15, GI 172–9, and GI 173-9 were found to be tolerant.

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In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03142-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 432-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

T. Sotelo ◽

M. Lema ◽

P. Soengas ◽

M. E. Cartea ◽

P. Velasco

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Soil Pathogens ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

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Prediction and Activity of a Cationic α-Helix Antimicrobial Peptide ZM-804 from Maize

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2643

Author(s):

Mohamed F. Hassan ◽

Abdelrahman M. Qutb ◽

Wubei Dong

Keyword(s):

Cdna Library ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

In Planta ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules consisting of less than fifty residues of amino acids. Plant AMPs establish the first barrier of defense in the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens. The purpose of this study was to isolate new AMPs from the Zea mays L. inbred line B73 and investigate their antimicrobial activities and mechanisms against certain essential plant pathogenic bacteria. In silico, the Collection of Anti-Microbial Peptides (CAMPR3), a computational AMP prediction server, was used to screen a cDNA library for AMPs. A ZM-804 peptide, isolated from the Z. mays L. inbred line B73 cDNA library, was predicted as a new cationic AMP with high prediction values. ZM-804 was tested against eleven pathogens of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited high antimicrobial activities as determined by the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). A confocal laser scanning microscope observation showed that the ZM-804 AMP targets bacterial cell membranes. SEM and TEM images revealed the disruption and damage of the cell membrane morphology of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 caused by ZM-804. In planta, ZM-804 demonstrated antimicrobial activity and prevented the infection of tomato plants by Pst DC3000. Moreover, four virulent phytopathogenic bacteria were prevented from inducing hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves in response to low ZM-804 concentrations. ZM-804 exhibits low hemolytic activity against mouse red blood cells (RBCs) and is relatively safe for mammalian cells. In conclusion, the ZM-804 peptide has a strong antibacterial activity and provides an alternative tool for plant disease control. Additionally, the ZM-804 peptide is considered a promising candidate for human and animal drug development.

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