scholarly journals Zn(ferulate)-LSH Systems as Multifunctional Filters

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Gustavo Pereira Saito ◽  
Ana Carolina Lanfredi Matsumoto ◽  
Renata Pires Assis ◽  
Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti ◽  
Marco Aurélio Cebim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Layered Compounds ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Metal Hydroxides ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Solar Radiation Exposure

Excessive UV solar radiation exposure causes human health risks; therefore, the study of multifunctional filters is important to skin UV protective ability and also to other beneficial activities to the human organism, such as reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for cellular damages. Potential multifunctional filters were obtained by intercalating of ferulate anions into layered simple metal hydroxides (LSH) through anion exchange and precipitation at constant pH methods. Ultrasound treatment was used in order to investigate the structural changes in LSH-ferulate materials. Structural and spectroscopic analyses show the formation of layered materials composed by a mixture of LSH intercalated with ferulate anions, where carboxylate groups of ferulate species interact with LSH layers. UV-VIS absorption spectra and in vitro SPF measurements indicate that LSH-ferulate systems have UV shielding capacity, mainly UVB protection. The results of reactive species assays show the ability of layered compounds in capture DPPH•, ABTS•+, ROO•, and HOCl/OCl− reactive species. LSH-ferulate materials exhibit antioxidant activity and singular optical properties that enable their use as multifunctional filters.

scholarly journals Applicability of an In-Vitro Digestion Model to Assess the Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds from Olive-Related Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6667
Author(s):  
Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez ◽  
Carmen González-Barreiro ◽  
Elena Martínez-Carballo ◽  
Noelia Cambeiro-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Rial-Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Before And After

The Mediterranean diet includes virgin olive oil (VOO) as the main fat and olives as snacks. In addition to providing nutritional and organoleptic properties, VOO and the fruits (olives) contain an extensive number of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, which are considered to be powerful antioxidants. Furthermore, olive byproducts, such as olive leaves, olive pomace, and olive mill wastewater, considered also as rich sources of phenolic compounds, are now valorized due to being mainly applied in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The digestive system must physically and chemically break down these ingested olive-related products to release their phenolic compounds, which will be further metabolized to be used by the human organism. The first purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current status of in-vitro static digestion models for olive-related products. In this sense, the in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion methods are widely used with the following aims: (i) to study how phenolic compounds are released from their matrices and to identify structural changes of phenolic compounds after the digestion of olive fruits and oils and (ii) to support the functional value of olive leaves and byproducts generated in the olive industry by assessing their health properties before and after the gastrointestinal process. The second purpose of this review is to survey and discuss all the results available to date.

scholarly journals Computational Methods for Structure-to-Function Analysis of Diet-Derived Catechins-Mediated Targeting of In Vitro Vasculogenic Mimicry

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 117693512110092
Author(s):  
Abicumaran Uthamacumaran ◽  
Narjara Gonzalez Suarez ◽  
Abdoulaye Baniré Diallo ◽  
Borhane Annabi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Vasculogenic Mimicry ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells

Background: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is an adaptive biological phenomenon wherein cancer cells spontaneously self-organize into 3-dimensional (3D) branching network structures. This emergent behavior is considered central in promoting an invasive, metastatic, and therapy resistance molecular signature to cancer cells. The quantitative analysis of such complex phenotypic systems could require the use of computational approaches including machine learning algorithms originating from complexity science. Procedures: In vitro 3D VM was performed with SKOV3 and ES2 ovarian cancer cells cultured on Matrigel. Diet-derived catechins disruption of VM was monitored at 24 hours with pictures taken with an inverted microscope. Three computational algorithms for complex feature extraction relevant for 3D VM, including 2D wavelet analysis, fractal dimension, and percolation clustering scores were assessed coupled with machine learning classifiers. Results: These algorithms demonstrated the structure-to-function galloyl moiety impact on VM for each of the gallated catechin tested, and shown applicable in quantifying the drug-mediated structural changes in VM processes. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence of how appropriate 3D VM compression and feature extractors coupled with classification/regression methods could be efficient to study in vitro drug-induced perturbation of complex processes. Such approaches could be exploited in the development and characterization of drugs targeting VM.

Cell Wall Permeability of Pinto Bean Cotyledon Cells Regulates In Vitro Fecal Fermentation and Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Huang ◽  
Sushil Dhital ◽  
Feitong Liu ◽  
Xiong Fu ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Cell Wall Permeability ◽  
Cotyledon Cells ◽  
Whole Foods

Processing induced structural changes of whole foods on regulation of colonic fermentation rate and microbiota composition are least understood and often overlooked. In the present study, intact cotyledon cells from...

Structire, Properties, and Process Characteristics of Low-K Materials Prepared by PECVD

1999 ◽  
Vol 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shimogaki ◽  
S. W. Lim ◽  
E. G. Loh ◽  
Y. Nakano ◽  
K. Tada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Low Dielectric Constant ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Step Coverage ◽  
Low K

AbstractLow dielectric constant F-doped silicon oxide films (SiO:F) can be prepared by adding fluorine source, like as CF4 to the conventional PECVD processes. We could obtain SiO:F films with dielectric constant as low as 2.6 from the reaction mixture of SiH4/N2 O/CF4. The structural changes of the oxides were sensitively detected by Raman spectroscopy. The three-fold ring and network structure of the silicon oxides were selectively decreased by adding fluorine into the film. These structural changes contribute to the decrease ionic polarization of the film, but it was not the major factor for the low dielectric constant. The addition of fluorine was very effective to eliminate the Si-OH in the film and the disappearance of the Si-OH was the key factor to obtain low dielectric constant. A kinetic analysis of the process was also performed to investigate the reaction mechanism. We focused on the effect of gas flow rate, i.e. the residence time of the precursors in the reactor, on growth rate and step coverage of SiO:F films. It revealed that there exists two species to form SiO:F films. One is the reactive species which contributes to increase the growth rate and the other one is the less reactive species which contributes to have uniform step coverage. The same approach was made on the PECVD process to produce low-k C:F films from C2F4, and we found ionic species is the main precursor to form C:F films.

Micro-Structural Stability of Micropropagated Plants of Vitex negundo L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Manokari ◽  
S. Priyadharshini ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Structural Repair ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Palisade Cells

Abstract Micropropagation techniques allow producing large numbers of clones of genetically identical plants. However, there is evidence of disorders in internal structures due to sophisticated in vitro conditions. Such variations are responsible for the mortality of plantlets in the field and cause huge loss to the tissue culture industry. Anatomical evaluation at different growth conditions allows for understanding structural repair of in vitro raised plantlets. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the structural changes that occurred in micropropagated plants of Vitex negundo under heterotrophic, photomixotrophic, and photoautotrophic conditions. To achieve this, structural variations were analyzed in the plantlets obtained from in vitro, greenhouse and field transferred stages using light microscopy. Underdeveloped dermal tissues, palisade cells, intercellular spaces, mechanical tissues, vascular bundles, and ground tissues were observed with the plants growing under in vitro conditions. The self-repairing of structural disorders and transitions in vegetative anatomy was observed during hardening under the greenhouse environment. Field transferred plantlets were characterized by well-developed internal anatomy. These findings showed that the micropropagated plantlets of V. negundo were well-adapted through a series of self-repairing the in vitro induced structural abnormalities at the subsequent stages of plant development.

scholarly journals Interaction of Lactoferrin with Unsaturated Fatty Acids: In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Human Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Complex Cytotoxicity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Anna Elizarova ◽  
Alexey Sokolov ◽  
Valeria Kostevich ◽  
Ekaterina Kisseleva ◽  
Evgeny Zelenskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Hepatoma 22A ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

As shown recently, oleic acid (OA) in complex with lactoferrin (LF) causes the death of cancer cells, but no mechanism(s) of that toxicity have been disclosed. In this study, constitutive parameters of the antitumor effect of LF/OA complex were explored. Complex LF/OA was prepared by titrating recombinant human LF with OA. Spectral analysis was used to assess possible structural changes of LF within its complex with OA. Structural features of apo-LF did not change within the complex LF:OA = 1:8, which was toxic for hepatoma 22a cells. Cytotoxicity of the complex LF:OA = 1:8 was tested in cultured hepatoma 22a cells and in fresh erythrocytes. Its anticancer activity was tested in mice carrying hepatoma 22a. In mice injected daily with LF-8OA, the same tumor grew significantly slower. In 20% of animals, the tumors completely resolved. LF alone was less efficient, i.e., the tumor growth index was 0.14 for LF-8OA and 0.63 for LF as compared with 1.0 in the control animals. The results of testing from 48 days after the tumor inoculation showed that the survival rate among LF-8OA-treated animals was 70%, contrary to 0% rate in the control group and among the LF-treated mice. Our data allow us to regard the complex of LF and OA as a promising tool for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Anti-TNF Alpha Antibody Humira with pH-dependent Binding Characteristics: A constant-pH Molecular Dynamics, Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics, and In Vitro Study

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Shih-Ting Hong ◽  
Yu-Cheng Su ◽  
Yu-Jen Wang ◽  
Tian-Lu Cheng ◽  
Yeng-Tseng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Accelerated Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Constant Ph Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Antibody Drug

Humira is a monoclonal antibody that binds to TNF alpha, inactivates TNF alpha receptors, and inhibits inflammation. Neonatal Fc receptors can mediate the transcytosis of Humira–TNF alpha complex structures and process them toward degradation pathways, which reduces the therapeutic effect of Humira. Allowing the Humira–TNF alpha complex structures to dissociate to Humira and soluble TNF alpha in the early endosome to enable Humira recycling is crucial. We used the cytoplasmic pH (7.4), the early endosomal pH (6.0), and pKa of histidine side chains (6.0–6.4) to mutate the residues of complementarity-determining regions with histidine. Our engineered Humira (W1-Humira) can bind to TNF alpha in plasma at neutral pH and dissociate from the TNF alpha in the endosome at acidic pH. We used the constant-pH molecular dynamics, Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics, two-dimensional potential mean force profiles, and in vitro methods to investigate the characteristics of W1-Humira. Our results revealed that the proposed Humira can bind TNF alpha with pH-dependent affinity in vitro. The W1-Humira was weaker than wild-type Humira at neutral pH in vitro, and our prediction results were close to the in vitro results. Furthermore, our approach displayed a high accuracy in antibody pH-dependent binding characteristics prediction, which may facilitate antibody drug design. Advancements in computational methods and computing power may further aid in addressing the challenges in antibody drug design.

scholarly journals Establishment of an in vitro model for analyzing mitochondrial ultrastructure in PRKN-mutated patient iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Yokota ◽  
Soichiro Kakuta ◽  
Takahiro Shiga ◽  
Kei-ichi Ishikawa ◽  
Hideyuki Okano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Vitro Model

AbstractMitochondrial structural changes are associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. PRKN is known to be involved with various mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control including mitochondrial structural changes. Parkinson’s disease (PD) with PRKN mutations is characterized by the preferential degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which has been suggested to result from the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. However, ultrastructural changes of mitochondria specifically in dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSC have rarely been analyzed. The main reason for this would be that the dopaminergic neurons cannot be distinguished directly among a mixture of iPSC-derived differentiated cells under electron microscopy. To selectively label dopaminergic neurons and analyze mitochondrial morphology at the ultrastructural level, we generated control and PRKN-mutated patient tyrosine hydroxylase reporter (TH-GFP) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Correlative light-electron microscopy analysis and live cell imaging of GFP-expressing dopaminergic neurons indicated that iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons had smaller and less functional mitochondria than those in non-dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the formation of spheroid-shaped mitochondria, which was induced in control dopaminergic neurons by a mitochondrial uncoupler, was inhibited in the PRKN-mutated dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate that our established TH-GFP iPSC lines are useful for characterizing mitochondrial morphology, such as spheroid-shaped mitochondria, in dopaminergic neurons among a mixture of various cell types. Our in vitro model would provide insights into the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and the processes leading to the preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in patients with PRKN mutations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document