scholarly journals The Influence of Different Pretreatment Methods on Color and Pigment Change in Beetroot Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3683
Author(s):  
Emilia Janiszewska-Turak ◽  
Katarzyna Rybak ◽  
Ewelina Grzybowska ◽  
Ewelina Konopka ◽  
Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert

Vegetable processing pomace contains valuable substances such as natural colors that can be reused as functional ingredients. Due to a large amount of water, they are an unstable material. The aim of our research was to assess how the pretreatment method (thermal or nonthermal) affects the properties of powders obtained from beet juice and pomace after the freeze-drying process. The raw material was steamed or sonicated for 10 or 15 min, and then squeezed into juice and pomace. Both squeezed products were freeze-dried. The content of dry substance; L*, a*, and b* color parameters; and the content of betalain pigments were analyzed. Pretreatments increased the proportion of red and yellow in the juices. Steam and ultrasound caused a significant reduction in parameter b* in the dried pomace. A significant increase in betanin in lyophilizates was observed after pretreatment with ultrasound and steam for 15 min. As a result of all experiments, dried juices and pomaces can also be used as a colorant source. However, there is higher potential with pomaces due to their additional internal substances as well as better storage properties. After a few hours, juice was sticky and not ready to use.

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Karina Jasińska ◽  
Bartłomiej Zieniuk ◽  
Dorota Nowak ◽  
Agata Fabiszewska

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected factors of the freeze-drying process on the hydrolytic and synthetic activity of the extracellular lipases of Y. lipolytica KKP 379 and to attempt the use of the crude enzyme preparation as a biocatalyst in the synthesis of geranyl 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoate. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the geranyl ester derivative were also investigated in order to evaluate their usefulness as a novel food additive. The studies confirmed that freeze-drying was an effective method of dehydrating yeast supernatant and allowed for obtaining lyophilizates with low water activity from 0.055 to 0.160. The type and concentration of the additive (2–6% whey protein hydrolyzate, 0.5% and 1% ammonium sulphate) had a significant effect on the hydrolytic activity of enzyme preparations, while the selected variants of drying temperature during the freeze-drying process were not significant (10 °C and 50 °C). Low yield of geranyl 4-hydroxyphenylopropionate was shown when the lyophilized supernatant was used (5.3%), but the yield of ester synthesis increased when the freeze-dried Y. lipolytica yeast biomass was applied (47.9%). The study confirmed the antioxidant properties of the synthesized ester by the DPPH• and CUPRAC methods, as well as higher antibacterial activity against tested bacteria than its precursor with 0.125 mM MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) against L. monocytogenes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
S. Said ◽  
T. Maulana ◽  
S. Setiorini ◽  
G.E. Ibrahim ◽  
M.N. Ramadhan ◽  
...  

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of addition an amino acid or its combination with EDTA on DNA integrity and morphometry sperm heads of freeze-dried bovine spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were freeze-dried in medium with the addition of an amino acid glycine, cysteine, glutamine, or its combination with EDTA. Sperm head morphometry was identified at 400X magnification using Axio Vision(Zeiss Company, Germany), while for membrane plasma integrity (MPI) determined by calculation of the percentage of spermatozoa having intact plasma membrane by osmotic resistance test method and DNA integrity analysis using acridine orange staining. Sperm head had declined in size after the freeze-drying process, MPI of FD spermatozoa gradually increased significantly when FD solution was added with an amino acid solution (glycine, cysteine) and its combination with EDTA. DNA integrity of all freeze-dried spermatozoa treatments was remaining intact, no significantly different (P>0.01) among treatments. The present study concluded that the addition of an amino acid (glycine, cysteine) or its combination with EDTA could be reduced morphometric sperm heads and plasma membrane damage of freeze-dried bovine spermatozoa, however, DNA integrity of bovine sperm nucleus remaining intact after the freeze-drying process without addition both amino acids and EDTA. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Maja Preskar ◽  
Tomislav Vrbanec ◽  
Franc Vrečer ◽  
Primož Šket ◽  
Janez Plavec ◽  
...  

Abstract Ibuprofen, a weakly acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug having poor aqueous solubility, is a challenging drug for the development of pharmaceutical formulations, resulting in numerous research attempts focusing on improvement of its solubility and consequently bioavailability. Most studies have been done for solid dosage forms, with very little attention paid to parenterals. Hence, the main purpose of the present study was to enhance ibuprofen solubility as a result of formulation composition and the freeze drying process. Moreover, the purpose was to prepare a freeze dried dosage form with improved ibuprofen solubility that could, after simple reconstitution with water for injection, result in an isotonic parenteral solution. Solubility of ibuprofen was modified by various excipients suitable for parenteral application. Drug interactions with selected excipients in the final product/lyophilisate were studied by a combined use of XRPD, DSC, Raman and ss-NMR. Analyses of lyophilized samples showed solubility enhancement of ibuprofen and in situ formation of an ibuprofen salt with the alkaline excipients used.


2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Shi Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jun Zhang

In this paper, the vacuum freeze-drying experiments of both antler slices and whole antlers are reported in details. The moisture content and the eutectic temperature of antler were measured. A 22 h process curve of antler slice freeze drying was obtained. The freeze drying process of whole antler was also investigated. The microscopic tissue structure was observed and chemical compositions were analyzed for those freeze-dried whole antlers in comparison with the traditional water boiling and hot air drying method. More nutrients were retained for freeze drying in addition to the better physical properties than traditional drying.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Wenzel ◽  
Henning Gieseler

AbstractCurrent trends in the pharmaceutical industry led to a demand for more flexible manufacturing processes with smaller batch sizes. Prepackaged nested vials that can be processed as a unit were introduced into the market to fulfill this need. However, vial nests provide a different thermal environment for the vials compared to a hexagonal packaging array and could therefore influence product temperature profiles, primary drying times, and product quality attributes. Polymer caps with the possibility of vial closure inside the freeze-drying chamber were developed to remove the risks and need of a crimping process. A general concern with the use of such caps is the possibility of an increase in resistance to water vapor flow out of the vial. This case study investigated the effect of the LyoSeal® and PLASCAP® polymer caps and EZ-fill® nests on the freeze-drying process. Amorphous and partially crystalline model formulations were freeze-dried. Process data and product quality attributes were compared for regularly stoppered vials and vials with polymer caps as well as vials in a hexagonal packaging array and nested vials. The results indicated no increased resistance or impeded water vapor flow by the polymer caps. Differences in the macro- and microscopic appearances of products and a trend towards lower product temperatures were observed for the investigated nest type compared to a regular hexagonal packaging array. Consequently, the polymer caps could be used as an alternative to regular stoppers without affecting freeze-drying process data or product quality attributes, while the different thermal environment of nested vials should be considered.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Koffi Maïzan Jean-Paul Bouatenin ◽  
Kohi Alfred Kouame ◽  
N’dédé Theodore Djeni ◽  
N’guessan Ghislain Koffi ◽  
Koffi Marcellin Dje

The long-term availability of cassava ferment and the production of attieke of healthy and consistent quality are becoming serious problems in Côte d’Ivoire. The overall objective of this work was to assess the effect of several drying techniques on the performance of the traditional cassava ferment with a view to establishing a stabilized ferment for the production of attieke in Côte d’Ivoire. To do this, three drying techniques were used, namely, oven drying, sun drying, and freeze-drying. The end of the drying process is marked by the stabilization of the humidity rate of the ferment. The results obtained during the drying process indicate that the sun-dried ferment contains more GAM (1.2 ± 0.2) × 108 CFU/g than the other dried ferments. The freeze-dried ferment has the highest load of lactic acid bacteria (3 ± 0.2) × 105 CFU/g, while Bacillus was observed in large numbers in the ferment dried at 45°C (7.1 ± 0.6) × 105 CFU/g. The 37°C dried and freeze-dried cassava ferments recorded high yeast loads of (7.6 ± 0.5) × 104 CFU/g and (7 ± 0.4) × 104 CFU/g, respectively. Moulds ((5 ± 0.2) 1 × 102 CFU/g) were only detected in the 37°C dried culture. Moreover, during the fermentation of the cassava dough with the different ferments obtained after drying, a significant acidification occurs in the dough inoculated with the freeze-dried ferment (2.9 ± 0.07%). However, the attieke produced with the freeze-dried ferment and the ferment dried at 37°C was the most appreciated by the panelists. Thus, freeze-drying and oven drying at 37°C are simple alternatives to the use of traditional ferments that can ensure their stability and the conservation of the cassava ferment over a long period of time.


Author(s):  
Brilliant Margalin ◽  
S. P. Edijanto ◽  
Paulus B. Notopuro

Fibrin glue is a useful biological product to stop bleeding, adhesive tissue and accelerate wound healing. Preparation of Fibrin Glue requires fibrinogen and thrombin components. The routine cryoprecipitation method performed at the Blood Bank can be used to improve the quality of the fibrinogen component. The Freeze Drying process can increase the retention time of plasma products at room temperature. Yield Fibrinogen and Tensile Strength is a quantitative and qualitative parameter of preparation quality of fibrin glue. This study focused on finding differences between Tensile Strength and Yield Fibrinogen on fibrin glue preparative by cryoprecipitate with and without freeze drying methods.This study is in vitro laboratory experiments design by comparing the Yield Fibrinogen and Tensile Strength of fibrin glue preparation from cryoprecipitic plasma with and without freeze dried process. The results were analyzed comparatively using paired T test.The plasma fibrinogen content of the sample was 237.66 ± 67.10 mg / dL. The fibrinogen content of the cryoprecipitate component without freeze drying process was 327.74 ± 103.42 mg / dL with a yield fibrinogen of 1.38 ± 0.25. The fibrinogen content of the cryoprecipitate component with freeze drying process was 251.20 ± 103.91 mg / dL with yield fibrinogen 1.04 ± 0.25. Tensile strength of fibrin glue from cryoprecipitate without freeze drying process was found to average 0.52 ± 0.18. Tensile strength of fibrin glue from cryoprecipitate with freeze drying process was found to average 0.33 ± 0.12. There was a significant difference between yield fibrinogen and tensile strength of fibrin glue preparation of cryoprecipitation method with and without freeze dried process.There is a significant difference on yields fibrinogen and tensile strength in the preparation of fibrin glue by the freeze drying process which is probably due to changes in the structure and function of fibrinogen proteins.


Author(s):  
E.S. Serbis ◽  
I.N., Matveeva ◽  
V. I. Eremets

Тhe aseptic process of industrial production of sterile lyophilized biological products is completed by one of the critical stages of the technological process, the freeze-drying. GOST R ISO 13408-3-2011 defines the term lyophilization as a synonym for the sublimation. Sublimation - the physical process on which the freeze-drying method is based. This paper discusses the issues of freeze drying that engineers and biologists, production technologist, designers of dry preparations, and quality specialists face with. Freeze-drying consists of three stages: freezing, freeze-drying and drying. Each stage has its own critical points, input and output parameters. The task of the developer of freeze-drying technology is to determine the need for each parameter and the sufficiency of their quantity. Equipment, technology and regulatory documents are considered as interdependent elements that make up freeze drying as a system. An integrated approach to the freeze-drying process includes the development of modes, equipment control, and internal documentation. The key parameters of the process are the qualitative and quantitative characteristics (reference values, measurement procedures, acceptable range of values) of the semi-finished liquid product and the finished freeze-dried product. Characteristics of the semi-finished liquid product are the temperature of complete crystallization; upper and lower eutectic temperatures; maximum permissible heating temperature (thermo-lability); density; specific (biological) activity. Freeze-drying process characteristics are: at the freezing stage - reaching the temperature of complete crystallization in the entire volume of the material received for drying; at the sublimation stage - maintaining the temperature in the dried material in the range between the lower and upper eutectic temperatures (without going beyond the upper); at the drying stage - reaching the maximum temperature in the material. The duration of each stage depends on the vial in which the dried material is packed, the volume of packaging, and the features of heat, mass, and energy exchange in the sublimation plant. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) should be designed with these features in mind. For example, for different packages (2ml or 10ml) in vials of the same volume, or for the same packaging in vials of different volumes, for example, 2ml in vial of 10-ml or 20-ml, separate SOPs are required in each case. In the current practice of industrial production, the quality of the lyophilized product is evaluated by humidity (GOST 24061-2012). In our work, to assess the quality of the process, we measured the decrease in the mass of liquid material during drying. We recommend measure both indicators, since they complement each other.


Author(s):  
Oana Lelia POP ◽  
Thorsten BRANDAU ◽  
Dan Cristian VODNAR ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU

The survival of probiotics is of paramount importance because to have their beneficial effects on the host’s health, they must stay alive up to the site of their action. It is known that the resistance of probiotic cells in acidic media, as in the stomach, is very low, that’s why the encapsulation of Bifidobacterium lactis 300B in alginate matrices is needed. This study present the mechanism of cell survival during encapsulation, coating and freeze drying process and release in simulated intestinal media. Microspheres with mean diameter 1100 µm and 66.87% encapsulation rate were obtained and described. In order to increase the protection of Bifidobacterium lactis 300B in the alginate/pullulan based microspheres, three types of dip coating were proposed. Namely, the alginate microspheres were coated in alginate, chitosan or gelatin, using the dip coating method by crosslinking. The survival of the cells was tested after encapsulation, coating application and compared with free and encapsulated cells, using the plate counting method. Also, the survivability in freeze dried microspheres was tested. Although the coated microspheres showed higher survivability compared with free and encapsulated cells, the release in alkaline pH was no possible for the gelatin coated alginate/pullulan based microspheres. 


Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Nowak ◽  
Ewa Jakubczyk

Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a process in which water in the form of ice under low pressure is removed from a material by sublimation. This process has found many applications for the production of high quality food and pharmaceuticals. The main steps of the freeze-drying process, such as the freezing of the product and primary and secondary drying, are described in this paper. The problems and mechanisms of each step of the freeze-drying process are also analyzed. The methods necessary for the selection of the primary and secondary end processes are characterized. The review contains a description of the effects of process conditions and the selected physical properties of freeze-dried materials, such as structural properties (shrinkage and density porosity), color, and texture. The study shows that little attention is given to the mechanical properties and texture of freeze-dried materials obtained from different conditions of the lyophilization process.


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