scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4545
Author(s):  
Sudharsan Sadhasivam ◽  
Omer Barda ◽  
Varda Zakin ◽  
Ram Reifen ◽  
Edward Sionov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
By Products ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Patulin (PAT) and citrinin (CTN) are the most common mycotoxins produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species and are often associated with fruits and fruit by-products. Hence, simple and reliable methods for monitoring these toxins in foodstuffs are required for regular quality assessment. In this study, we aimed to establish a cost-effective method for detection and quantification of PAT and CTN in pome fruits, such as apples and pears, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with spectroscopic detectors without the need for any clean-up steps. The method showed good performance in the analysis of these mycotoxins in apple and pear fruit samples with recovery ranges of 55–97% for PAT and 84–101% for CTN, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) of PAT and CTN in fruits were 0.006 µg/g and 0.001 µg/g, while their limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.018 µg/g and 0.003 µg/g, respectively. The present findings indicate that the newly developed HPLC method provides rapid and accurate detection of PAT and CTN in fruits.

scholarly journals Determination of Pesticide Residue in Brinjal Sample Using HPTLC and Developing a Cost-Effective Method Alternative to HPLC

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Muzammil Hussain ◽  
Kiran Aftab ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Two analytical techniques HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and HPTLC (high performance thin layer chromatography) were validated to reveal the quality and quantity of pesticide residues (organophosphorus, organochlorine, and pyrethroids) in brinjal samples collected from a local market of Faisalabad. The HPTLC methods showed linear behavior for standard samples and residue was in the range of 1–130 ng. The organochlorine (α-endosulfan) contaminates the samples at 4, 5, 9, and 10 weeks, and detected quantity was less than MRL (minimum residue level) of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations), i.e., 0.5 mg·kg−1. The organophosphorus pesticide (chlorpyriphos, methamidophos, monocrotophos, dichlorvos, carbosulfan, profenophos, and dimethoate) residue contaminated the samples and violated the MRL limit. Pyrethroids (deltamethrin, β-cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin) were present at appreciable levels, in samples of 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 weeks. The concentration of β-cyhalothrin (0.25 mg·kg−1) and cypermethrin (0.205 mg·kg−1) was significantly higher than that of all detected pesticides. The carbosulfan and deltamethrin contaminated all 10-week samples. The HPLC analysis of samples was carried out to confirm the efficiency of HPTLC as cost-effective method. The concentration of α-endosulfan, chlorpyriphos, dimethoate, monocrotophos, profenophos, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin in brinjal samples through the HPTLC method showed similar residual concentration with HPLC analysis.

scholarly journals STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF REPAGLINIDE IN RABBIT PLASMA

2019 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
RAJA NAVAMANISUBRAMANIAN ◽  
SABITHA PANCHAGIRI ◽  
RAGHUNANDAN NERELLA ◽  
CHAMUNDEESWARI DURAIPANDIAN ◽  
SHANMUGANATHAN SEETHARAMAN
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Resolution Factor

Objective: A simple, selective and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method to estimate repaglinide (REP) in rabbit plasma using rabeprazole (RAB) as an internal standard was developed and validated for various qualifications. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on C18 (2) analytical column (5 μ, 250×4.6 mm) using acetonitrile: 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water (55:45, v/v) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. Validation of the analytical method was performed as per ICH guidelines. Results: The retention times of REP and RAB were found at ~4.3 and 5.1 min respectively, with adequate system suitability parameters (theoretical plates ≥3619, tailing factor ≤1.38, resolution factor 2.37). The method has linearity over a concentration range of 10 to 1000 ng/ml (r2=0.9987). The results of accuracy (≥98.17%), intra-, inter-day precision (≤2.9%), recovery (101.21±2.09%) and process efficiency (99.77±3.74%) found satisfactory with no matrix effect. The analyte in samples were found stable up to 6 h, 3 freeze-thaw cycles and not more than 2 mo corresponding to bench-top, short and long term stability studies respectively. Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method for estimation of REP in rabbit plasma was developed. The method was found to be rapid, cost-effective and accurate to estimate the REP from the sample matrix. The method can be a most useful tool for in vivo study of REP in the rabbit.

Water quality monitoring by Thamnotoxkit F™ including cyanobacterial blooms

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kozma Törökné ◽  
E. László ◽  
I. Chorus ◽  
J. Fastner ◽  
R. Heinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Test Mouse ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxicity

The Thamnotoxkit F™ was evaluated for detecting cyanobacterial toxins as they may be hazardous to human health if they reach drinking water networks or if people are exposed through recreational activity. This test kit is a 24-hour bioassay using larvae of the freshwater anostracan crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus hatched from cysts. Nine freeze-dried Microcystis aeruginosa samples from freshwaters of Hungary, Germany and Brazil were tested with the Thamnotox test, rat hepatocyte test, mouse test and analysed for microcystins by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It can be concluded that the Thamnotox test is an alternative simple, cost-effective method that may replace the mouse bioassay used previously for determination of cyanobacterial toxicity.

scholarly journals AN INNOVATIVE METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND LEDIPASVIR BY RP HPLC

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
B. Anjaneyulu Reddy ◽  
Md. Irshad Alam ◽  
Nazia Khanam ◽  
P. R. Adhakrishnanand
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Combination Tablet ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Effective Stability

Objective: To develop an innovative, rapid, simple, cost effective, stability indicating reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of ledipasvir (LP) and sofosbuvir (SB) in combination pill dosage form. Methods: The method was developed using C8 column, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5mm using mobile section comprising of 0.1% (v/v) orthophosphoric acid buffer at pH 2.2 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 that was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Temperature was maintained at 30 °C, the effluents were monitored at 260 nm with the help of usage of PDA detector. Results: The retention time of LP and SB were found to be 2.246 min and 3.502 min. The approach was found to be linear with the variety of 9-36 µg/ml and 40-240 μg/ml for LP and SB respectively, the assay of estimated compounds were found to be 99.65% and 99.73% w/v for LP and SB respectively. Conclusion: The pressured samples changed into analyzed and this proposed a technique turned into determined to be particular and stability indicating as no interfering peaks of decay compound and excipients were observed. Hence, the approach was easy and economical that may be efficiently applied for simultaneous estimation of both LP and SB in bulk and combination tablet system.

High performance work practices and competitive advantage in the Irish hospitality sector

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Connolly ◽  
Geraldine McGing
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Performance Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
High Performance Work Practices

PurposeFailte Ireland argues that high performance work practices will provide the Irish tourist industry with the necessary competitive edge. The main focus of this study is to explore the extent of these practices in the Irish hospitality industry with particular emphasis on the practices of staff empowerment and participation.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was chosen as the most appropriate means of obtaining information from managers because respondents could be targeted in a cost effective method. A total of 71 questionnaires were mailed to managers in all three, four and five‐star hotels in the Dublin and greater Dublin area.FindingsThe data show that Dublin‐based hotels display some of the human resource practices associated with high performing work practices. There are, however, very low levels of employee participation, which many authors argue are the cornerstone of high performance practices.Practical implicationsThe Irish hotel industry is undergoing fundamental change, not least of which is the increasingly demanding and discerning clients. Customers are demanding quality products and services, speed and reliability of service, price competitiveness and innovation. If Irish hotels are to survive and remain competitive, the issue of staff representation, participation and the channels of communication will have to be addressed. Recognising, utilizing and developing their human resources may be the most significant challenge that management faces, and it is posited that those organisations that excel at this will be the industry leaders.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into the realities of management practices in hotels in an Irish setting.

scholarly journals Sensitive Bioassay for Determination of Fluconazole Concentrations in Plasma Using a Candida albicans Mutant Hypersusceptible to Azoles

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Marchetti ◽  
Paul A. Majcherczyk ◽  
Michel P. Glauser ◽  
Jacques Bille ◽  
Philippe Moreillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Analytical Method Validation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
New Bioassay

ABSTRACT The antifungal agent fluconazole (FLC) is widely used in clinical practice. Monitoring FLC levels is useful in complicated clinical settings and in experimental infection models. A bioassay usingCandida pseudotropicalis, a simple and cost-effective method, is validated only for FLC levels ranging from 5 to 40 mg/liter. An extension of the analytical range is needed to cover most yeast MICs. A new bioassay in RPMI agar containing methylene blue was developed using C. albicans DSY1024, a mutant rendered hypersusceptible to FLC constructed by the deletion of the multidrug efflux transporter genes CDR1, CDR2, CaMDR1, andFLU1. Reproducible standard curves were obtained with FLC concentrations in plasma ranging from 1 to 100 mg/liter (quadratic regression coefficient > 0.997). The absolute sensitivity was 0.026 μg of FLC. The method was internally validated according to current guidelines for analytical method validation. Both accuracy and precision lied in the required ±15% range. FLC levels measured by bioassay and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) performed with 62 plasma samples from humans and rats showed a strong correlation (coefficients, 0.979 and 0.995, respectively; percent deviations of bioassay from HPLC values, 0.44% ± 15.31% and 2.66% ± 7.54%, respectively). In summary, this newly developed bioassay is sensitive, simple, rapid, and inexpensive. It allows nonspecialized laboratories to determine FLC levels in plasma to within the clinically relevant concentration range and represents a useful tool for experimental treatment models.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Quantification of Total Catechins Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Sitharanjan Kalidass ◽  
Karuppannau Daiyarvijaya ◽  
Rajagopal Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Automated Hplc

Bioavailability of catechinsin wider range of plants was established earlier and it’s utility as medicine against cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc. were also demonstrated. Recent techniques in relation to quantitative analysis of total catechins seem to be laborious and time consuming process to handle huge number of samples. Established spectrophotometry and HPLC methods developed earlier for quantitative determination of total catechins in tea extracts were compared in the present study.UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was adopted to monitor the absorbance at 500 nm of the reaction mixture (catechins and vanillin-H2SO4reagents). Hewlett Packard automated HPLC was used and equipped with Phenomenex Luna 5  phenyl-hexyl column fitted with a Phenomenex guard column. Binary elution was carried out using Mobile phase A (acetic acid and acetonitrile) and Mobile phase B (acetonitrile). Method adopted showed a good resolution of catechin fractions and was found to be accurate for the quantification of total catechins (sum of individual catechins). Results of the both the methods are comparable and variation amongst the two methods ranged between -3.59 and 2.79% among the clones and varied with seasons.As expected UPASI released tea clones exhibited variations in their bioavailability. Lean season edge over the cropping period sampling in terms of total catechins. Results obtained from both the methods are comparable. Two methods can be used for the routine quantitative analysis of total catechins; however, spectrophotometric method found to be simple, rapid and cost effective than that of HPLC method unless individual catechins composition is warranted.

scholarly journals Algal Biofuels: A Credible Prospective?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavish Patel ◽  
Bojan Tamburic ◽  
Fessehaye W. Zemichael ◽  
Pongsathorn Dechatiwongse ◽  
Klaus Hellgardt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Algal Biofuels ◽  
Algae Cultivation ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technological Integration ◽  
By Products

Global energy use has reached unprecedented levels and increasing human population, technological integration, and improving lifestyle will further fuel this demand. Fossil fuel based energy is our primary source of energy and it will remain to be in the near future. The effects from the use of this finite resource on the fate of our planet are only now being understood and recognised in the form of climate change. Renewable energy systems may offer a credible alternative to help maintain our lifestyle sustainably and there are a range of options that can be pursued. Biofuels, especially algae based, have gained significant publicity recently. The concept of making biofuels, biochemicals, and by-products works well theoretically and at small scale, but when considering scaleup, many solutions can be dismissed on either economical or ecological grounds. Even if an (cost-) effective method for algae cultivation is developed, other input parameters, namely, fixed nitrogen and fresh water, remain to be addressed. Furthermore, current processing routes for harvesting, drying, and extraction for conversion to subsequent products are economically unattractive. The strategies employed for various algae-based fuels are identified and it is suggested that ultimately only an integrated algal biorefinery concept may be the way forward.

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF OLANZAPINE IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC METHOD

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
V.S Mastiholimath ◽  
◽  
P.M. Dandagi ◽  
A.P. Gadad ◽  
N.V Murali Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen

A simple and reliable reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for Olanzapine in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. The method was developed on BDS Hypersil C18, (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3μm) with a mobile phase of 0.01M tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate : methanol (80:20 v/v). The effluent was monitored by SPD-M20A, prominence UV-VIS detector at 234 nm. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 10 –60μg/ml For interday and intraday precision % relative standard deviation values were found to be 0.18% and 0.24% respectively. Recovery of olanzapine was found to be in the range of 99.93 -100.00%. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.39275 and 1.1901μg/ml, respectively. The retention time and run time was very short; hence it is cost effective, making it more economical and rapid. Also this method can be used for the analysis of large number of samples.

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