Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties of Some Phyto and Mammalian Lignans

In this study, the antioxidant and antiradical properties of some phyto lignans (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, secoisolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol diglycoside, and α-(-)-conidendrin) and mammalian lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were examined by different antioxidant assays. For this purpose, radical scavenging activities of phyto and mammalian lignans were realized by 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS•+) scavenging assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging assay. Additionally, the reducing ability of phyto and mammalian lignans were evaluated by cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing (CUPRAC) ability, and ferric ions (Fe3+) and [Fe3+-(TPTZ)2]3+ complex reducing (FRAP) abilities. Also, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined and reported for DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging influences of all of the lignan molecules. The absorbances of the lignans were found in the range of 0.150–2.320 for Fe3+ reducing, in the range of 0.040–2.090 for Cu2+ reducing, and in the range of 0.360–1.810 for the FRAP assay. On the other hand, the IC50 values of phyto and mammalian lignans were determined in the ranges of 6.601–932.167 µg/mL for DPPH• scavenging and 13.007–27.829 µg/mL for ABTS•+ scavenging. In all of the used bioanalytical methods, phyto lignans, as secondary metabolites in plants, demonstrated considerably higher antioxidant activity compared to that of mammalian lignans. In addition, it was observed that enterodiol and enterolactone exhibited relatively weaker antioxidant activities when compared to phyto lignans or standard antioxidants, including butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), Trolox, and α-tocopherol.

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Steric Effect of Antioxidant Diels-Alder-Type Adducts: A Comparison of Sanggenon C with Sanggenon D

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102610 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2610 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xican Li ◽

Zhenxing Ren ◽

Zimei Wu ◽

Zhen Fu ◽

Hong Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Steric Effect ◽

Bathochromic Shift ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diels Alder ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Dpph Scavenging Assay

Sanggenons C and D are two Diels-Alder-type adducts from Chinese crude drug Sang-bai-pi. Structurally, both sanggenons construct stereoisomers. In the study, they were comparatively determined using four antioxidant assays, including ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Cu2+-reducing assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazl (DPPH•)-scavenging assay, and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS•+)-scavenging assay. Their Fe2+-binding reactions were explored using UV-Vis spectra. Finally, their cytoprotective effects were evaluated using flow cytometry. In electron transfer (ET)-based FRAP and Cu2+-reducing assays, sanggenon D was found to have lower IC50 values than sanggenon C; however, in multi-pathway-based DPPH•-scavenging and ABTS•+-scavenging assays, sanggenon C possessed lower IC50 values than sanggenon D. UV-Vis spectra suggested that sanggenon C generated a bathochromic-shift (286 nm → 302 nm) and displayed stronger UV absorption than sanggenon D. In flow cytometry, sanggenon C and sanggenon D, respectively, exhibited 31.1% and 42.0% early apoptosis-percentages towards oxidative-stressed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In conclusion, both sanggenons may undergo multiple pathways (e.g., ET and Fe2+-binding) to protect MSCs against oxidative stress. In the mere ET aspect, sanggenon D possesses a higher level than sanggenon C, while in multi-pathway-based radical-scavenging, Fe2+-binding, and cytoprotection aspects, sanggenon C is more active than sanggenon D. These discrepancies can conclusively be attributed to the steric effect.

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Antioxidant Activities of Eucheuma sp. (Rhodophyceae) and Laminaria sp. (Phaeophyceae)

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.154-159.2791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (sp1) ◽

pp. 154

Author(s):

İlknur Ak ◽

Gülen Türker

Keyword(s):

Condensed Tannins ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Content ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Dpph Scavenging

In this study, antioxidant activities of two macroalgae, Eucheuma sp. J.Agardh and Laminaria sp., J.V.Lamouroux used as food supplements were investigated. The antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, the total content of phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins in extracts were determined. The IC50 values of the extracts of Eucheuma sp. and Laminaria sp. on DPPH scavenging activity was 2.26±0.03 mg/g and 2.63±0.03 mg/g of extract, respectively. The maximum total phenolic (5.31±0.04 mg GAE/g Ext.) were determined. According to our results, all extracts exhibited low radical scavenging activity when compared to the standards used, i.e. -tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with the inhibition percentage in the range of 48.45±0.06% (Eucheuma sp.) – 58.49±0.03% (Laminaria sp.). The highest flavonoid content was measured as 18.78±0.10 mg rutin/g of extract in Laminaria sp. The condensed tannins were not detected in Eucheuma sp. However, this value was measured as 6.24±0.60 mg CE/g of extract for Laminaria sp. According to our results, Eucheuma sp. and Laminaria sp., which are commercially sold in medicinal herb stores, are good sources of antioxidant components because of their phenolic and flavonoid contents.

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Comparison of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two common fruits of Bangladesh in solvents of varying polarities

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(6).253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 187-196

Author(s):

R. Ghosh ◽

P. Barua ◽

O. Sikder ◽

S. Saha ◽

S. Mojumder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Reducing Power Assay ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two common fruits of Bangladesh, namely Phyllunthus emblica and Elaeocarpus floribundus, were measured in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts. Several in vitro models including phosphomolybdenum assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, FRAP assay and reducing power assay were used to assess the antioxidant activity of these extracts in comparison with reference antioxidants. Between the two fruits, P. emblica showed higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity in all the solvents used. In the DPPH scavenging assay, the activity of P. emblica extracts was close to reference antioxidants, ascorbic acid and BHT. Besides, considering the solvents used, extracts of both fruits had the highest phenolic and antioxidant activity in polar solvents. The correlation coefficient between total phenolics and antioxidant activities was found statistically significant. These findings suggest that P. emblica could be an excellent antioxidant resource for industries like food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics.

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Evaluation of Antioxidant Compounds, Antioxidant Activities, and Mineral Composition of 13 Collected Purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.) Accessions

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/296063 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Md. Amirul Alam ◽

Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽

M. Y. Rafii ◽

Azizah Abdul Hamid ◽

Farzad Aslani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Common Purslane ◽

Dpph Scavenging

The methanolic extracts of 13 accessions of purslane were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) and antioxidant activity of extracts was screened using FRAP assay and DPPH radical scavenging methods. The TPC, TFC, and TCC ranged from0.96±0.04to9.12±0.29 mg GAE/g DW,0.13±0.04to1.44±0.08 mg RE/g DW, and0.52±0.06to5.64±0.09 mg (β-carotene equivalent) BCE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH scavenging (IC50) activity varied between2.52±0.03 mg/mL and3.29±0.01 mg/mL and FRAP ranged from7.39±0.08to104.2±6.34 μmol TE/g DW. Among all the measured micro- and macrominerals K content was the highest followed by N, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. The overall findings proved that ornamental purslane was richer in antioxidant properties, whereas common purslane possesses more mineral contents than ornamental ones.

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New Mutant Amaranth Varieties as a Potential Source of Biologically Active Substances

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10111705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1705

Author(s):

Jozef Fejér ◽

Ivan Kron ◽

Adriana Eliašová ◽

Daniela Gruľová ◽

Alena Gajdošová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Phenolic Substances

Amaranth species represent a diverse group of plants. Many of them are a rich source of secondary metabolites with many positive biological effects. Total phenolic, total flavonoid and rutin content, antioxidant activity against superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, FRAP (Ferric-reducing ability of plasma) assay and DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay were determined in ethanol extracts of dried leaves of the new Slovak amaranth varieties ‘Pribina’ and ‘Zobor’. The amount of total phenolic substances (‘Pribina’ GAE 38.3 mg.g−1 DM and ‘Zobor’ GAE 26.1 mg.g−1 DM), content of total flavonoids (‘Pribina’ QE 26.5 mg.g−1 DM and ‘Zobor’ QE 20.3 mg.g−1 DM) and rutin (‘Pribina’ 50.8 mg.g−1 DM and ‘Zobor’ 15.2 mg.g−1 DM) were higher in the variety ‘Pribina’, compared to the variety ‘Zobor’. A statistically higher antioxidant activity against superoxide radical (1.63%·mg−1g−1 DM), hydroxyl radical (3.20%.mg−1g−1 DM), FRAP assay (292.80 µmol.L−1·mg−1.g−1 DM) and DPPH (54.2 ± 1.78 µg.mL−1 DM) were detected in the ‘Pribina’ variety. Antiradical and antioxidant activities of both extracts showed high positive correlations in relation to the content of total phenolic substances, total flavonoids and rutin. Amaranth is an undemanding crop on specific environmental conditions and is resistant to abiotic and biotic stress.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v19i1.47817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Shejuti Rahman Brishty ◽

Poushali Saha ◽

Zobaer Al Mahmud ◽

SM Abdur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽

Future Research ◽

Lead Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Free Radical Scavenging Assay

The present study describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a number of substituted benzimidazole derivatives designated by 3A-1, 3A-2, 3A-3, 3B-1 and 3B-2 through condensation of different o-aryldiamine compounds with the corresponding aldehyde employing ammonium salt as a catalyst. All the compounds were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The synthesized benzimidazole derivatives were investigated for analgesic and antioxidant activities using acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition in Swiss albino mice and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Compounds 3A-3, 3B-1 and 3B-2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight reduced the number of writhings by 88.24%, 84.03% and 85.71%, respectively (p<0.001) in comparison with standard diclofenac (90.76% inhibition). The derivatives 3A-1, 3A-2, 3A-3 and 3B-2 showed prominent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.038, 0.959, 8.834 and 7.519 μg/ml, respectively in comparison with the standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (14.44 μg/ml). Among the synthesized compounds, 3A-3 and 3B- 2 emerged as the most promising analgesic and antioxidant agents and expressed their potential as lead compounds in future research. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(1): 37-46, 2020 (June)

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Functionalized silver nanoparticles synthesized from marine algae: In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential

Research Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.25303/168rjbt3821 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 38-49

Author(s):

Siva Kumar Kandula ◽

Satyanarayana Swamy Cheekatla ◽

Venkata Satya Mahesh Kumar Metta ◽

Venkata Rajagopal Saladi

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Algal Species ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Visible Spectrum ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Frap Assay

Natural antioxidants, in particular phenolic derivatives, are used efficiently to combat against oxidative induced tissue damages. The objective of the study is to determine the antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts obtained from eight marine algal species (Enteromorpha compressa, Chaetomorpha antennina, Caulerpa racemosa, Caulerpa taxifolia, Sargassum vulgare, Padina tetrastromatica, Amphiroa fragilissima and Gracilaria corticata) by assessing their total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging assay, FRAP assay, H2O2 radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Among them, P.tetrastromatica, S.vulgare, E.compressa, C.taxifolia display significant antioxidant activities. Further, the aqueous extracts of these four algae are used for bioreduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis method at room temperature. UV-Visible spectrum revealed the surface plasmon resonance at 430 and 440nm. The characterizations of AgNPs by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the bioreduction and capping of AgNPs. XRD analysis elucidated the synthesized nanoparticles having face centered cubic crystalline geometry, with a mean size of 17 nm. The nanoparticles have better antimicrobial activity against cocci shaped than the rod shaped bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration exhibit more activity against S.aureus and B.cereus rather than E.coli.

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ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PIPER BETLE L. LEAVES IN CATFISH, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.22393 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kavitha S ◽

Parthasarathi Perumal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Metformin Hydrochloride ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Ic50 Values

Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the α-amylase inhibitory activity and antidiabetic experimental catfish model and antioxidant properties of Piper betle L. ethanolic (PBE) extract.Methods: The phytochemical analysis of PBE extract was performed. The PBE extract was tested for their inhibitory effect on the α-amylase assay, which compared to the control, acarbose. The absorbance was read at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer, and IC50 values were calculated. In this present investigation, diabetes mellitus was induced in catfish, Clarias gariepinus by epaxial musculature injection to glucose and standard drug, Metformin hydrochloride. After 24-h incubation, the treated fishes were dissected, and the blood, liver, tissue samples, and epaxial musculature regions were collected. In addition, the antioxidant properties of PBE were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging (ABTS) assays.Results: The phytochemical screening of PBE revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, phenol, glycosides, sterols, saponins, and quinines. Furthermore, the values of (μg/ml) 3.038 and 7.672 α-amylase enzyme inhibition were excellent activity when compared to the acarbose. Moreover, elevated the glucose level (mg/dl) was estimated in blood 1.9±0.35, liver 0.5±0.25, tissue 0.2±0.25, and epaxial musculature 0.8±0.2 after 24-h incubation. The antioxidant effect of maximum activity was found in PBE; IC50 values (μg/ml) of DPPH and ABTS were 9.362 and 6.606, respectively.Conclusions: These studies might be responsible for the P. betle L. that was used as the new source of antidiabetic and antioxidant agents.

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THE ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS, SPHAERANTHUS INDICUS AND PSOPHOCARPUS TETRAGONOLOBUS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.29951 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Vijayalakshmi N ◽

Mudiganti Ram Krishna Rao

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Methanol Fraction ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Sphaeranthus Indicus

Objective: The present study deals with the antioxidant assays of the different leaf extracts of two medicinal plants, Sphaeranthus indicus and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus. Methods: Dried leaves of S. indicus and P. tetragonolobus were packed in separate round bottom flasks for sample extraction using ethanol, methanol, hexane, and distilled water as solvents for 72 h, and the extracts were collected after evaporating the solvents. Antioxidant studies of the various extracts were performed by 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma assays.Results: Among the two plants studied, S. indicus showed better 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), scavenging activity than P. tetragonolobus with IC50 values of 174.380 and 262.313, respectively, as compared to that of the standard, ascorbic acid, IC50 value of which being 111.16. The FRAP assay results for both the plants indicated that the methanol fractions showed closer results when compared with standards, ascorbic acid and quercetin. The IC50 value of S. indicus, P tetragonolobus, ascorbic acid, and quercetin was 70.065, 151.953, 85.162, and 79.647, respectively. These results clearly indicate that S. indicus methanol fraction had better antioxidant activity when compared to both standards.Conclusion: It is concluded that S. indicus and P. tetragonolobus have excellent antioxidant activities which could be the major contributing factors for their medicinal roles. Further studies in this direction are being carried on.

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Functional Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Milk: Antibacterial Measurements, Antioxidant Activities, and Photochemical Characterizations

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy ◽

10.1166/jbmb.2021.2097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 571-579

Author(s):

Rokayya Sami ◽

Ebtihal Khojah ◽

Mona Alharbi ◽

Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin ◽

Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Bacteria Growth ◽

Wonderful Variety ◽

Ic50 Values

Consumers are interested in antimicrobial by-products from natural sources. The present study aims to estimate the antibacterial effects of different concentrations and solvent extracts such as methanol, ethanol, and water extract of pomegranate peels with the milk quality application in-vitro. Listeria monocytogens, E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were used as bacteria growth indicators in two pomegranate varieties (i.e., Wonderful and Francis). Besides, evaluating somephysical characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Results showed that the highest inhibition zone of 18.88 mm was observed with 90% ethanol extract of Wonderful variety against Listeria monocytogens, at 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/mL concentrations, while the lowest inhibition zone of 11.29 mm was observed with 90% methanol extract of Francis variety, at 12.5 mg/mL concentration. The milk treated with WPE of Wonderful variety maintained the bacterial growth from 1.19 ±0.29 x 109 to 1.43 x 1011 CFU/mL at 4 °C. Punicalagin was the most abundant polyphenolic compound (165.05–190.43 µg/mL) followed by gallic acid (153.08–177.65 µg/mL), and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (91.29–92.5 mg/mL). Acetaldehyde (23.09–27.15 PPM), followed by acetoin (9.65–15.33 PPM) were the most predominant volatile compounds. The WPE treated milk maintained the sensory evaluations such as taste, color, texture, and overall acceptance longer time longer time (i.e., 144 h) than FPE treated milk (i.e., 168 h) at 4°C. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging of capacity (IC50 values) of FPE treated milk were found to be lower than WPE treated milk (i.e., 159.65 µg/mL and 131.87 µg/mL), respectively. While, FPE treated milk reported a higher viscosity content than WPE treated milk (13.11 cP). In conclusion, pomegranate peel extracts especially Wonderful variety may be used to prolong the shelf-life of milk in dairy products manufacturers.

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