scholarly journals Boron Hydrogen Compounds: Hydrogen Storage and Battery Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7425
Author(s):  
Hans Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Intermediate Species ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
New Research

About 25 years ago, Bogdanovic and Schwickardi (B. Bogdanovic, M. Schwickardi: J. Alloys Compd. 1–9, 253 (1997) discovered the catalyzed release of hydrogen from NaAlH4. This discovery stimulated a vast research effort on light hydrides as hydrogen storage materials, in particular boron hydrogen compounds. Mg(BH4)2, with a hydrogen content of 14.9 wt %, has been extensively studied, and recent results shed new light on intermediate species formed during dehydrogenation. The chemistry of B3H8−, which is an important intermediate between BH4− and B12H122−, is presented in detail. The discovery of high ionic conductivity in the high-temperature phases of LiBH4 and Na2B12H12 opened a new research direction. The high chemical and electrochemical stability of closo-hydroborates has stimulated new research for their applications in batteries. Very recently, an all-solid-state 4 V Na battery prototype using a Na4(CB11H12)2(B12H12) solid electrolyte has been demonstrated. In this review, we present the current knowledge of possible reaction pathways involved in the successive hydrogen release reactions from BH4− to B12H122−, and a discussion of relevant necessary properties for high-ionic-conduction materials.

Processing Analysis of the Ternary LiNH2-MgH2-LiBH4 System for Hydrogen Storage

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael U. Niemann ◽  
Sesha S. Srinivasan ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Elias K. Stefanakos ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydrogen Capacity ◽  
Hydrogen Storage System ◽  
Milling Duration

The ternary LiNH2-MgH2-LiBH4 hydrogen storage system has been extensively studied by adopting various processing reaction pathways. The stoichiometric ratio of LiNH2:MgH2:LiBH4 is kept constant with a 2:1:1 molar ratio. All samples are prepared using solid-state mechano-chemical synthesis with a constant rotational speed, but with varying milling duration. All samples are intimate mixtures of Li-B-N-H and MgH2, with varying particle sizes. It is found that the samples with MgH2 particle sizes of approximately 10nm exhibit lower initial hydrogen release at a temperature of 150°C. The as-synthesized hydrides exhibit two main hydrogen release temperatures, one around 160°C and the other around 300°C. The main hydrogen release temperature is reduced from 310°C to 270°C, while hydrogen is first reversibly released at temperatures as low as 150°C with a total hydrogen capacity of 6 wt.%.

A Robust Blind Image Forensic-Detection Method based on Fuzzy Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5926-5929
Keyword(s):  
Research Direction ◽  
Geometric Transformation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Image Forensic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
Tampered Image ◽  
New Research ◽  
Blind Image

Blind forensic-investigation in a digital image is a new research direction in image security. It aims to discover the altered image content without any embedded security scheme. Block and key point based methods are the two dispensation options in blind image forensic investigation. Both the techniques exhibit the best performance to reveal the tampered image. The success of these methods is limited due to computational complexity and detection accuracy against various image distortions and geometric transformation operations. This article introduces different blind image tampering methods and introduces a robust image forensic investigation method to determine the copy-move tampered image by means of fuzzy logic approach. Empirical outcomes facilitate that the projected scheme effectively classifies copy-move type of forensic images as well as blurred tampered image. Overall detection accuracy of this method is high over the existing methods.

scholarly journals Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011
Author(s):  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Yiran Li ◽  
Jiasheng Xu ◽  
Zhenfang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Research ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

Nanocrystalline Mg-based hydrides for hydrogen storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Oelerich ◽  
T. Klassen ◽  
R. Bormann
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Sorption Behaviour

ABSTRACTHydrogen is the ideal means of energy storage for transportation and conversion of energy in a comprehensive clean-energy concept. However, appropriate storage facilities, both for stationary and for mobile applications, are complicated, because of the very low boiling point of hydrogen (20.4 K at 1 atm) and its low density in the gaseous state (90 g/m3). Furthermore, the storage of hydrogen in liquid or gaseous form imposes safety problems, in particular for mobile applications, e.g. the future zero-emission vehicle. Metal hydrides are a safe alternative for H-storage and, in addition, have a high volumetric energy density that is about 60% higher than that of liquid hydrogen. Mg hydride has a high storage capacity by weight and is therefore favoured for automotive applications. However, so far light metal hydrides have not been considered competitive because of their rather sluggish sorption kinetics. Filling a tank could take several hours. Moreover, the hydrogen desorption temperature of about 300 °C is rather high for most applications. A breakthrough in hydrogen storage technology was achieved by preparing nanocrystalline hydrides using high-energy ball milling. These new materials show very fast aband desorption kinetics within few minutes, thus qualifying lightweight Mg-based hydrides for storage application. In this paper recent detailed results on the sorption behaviour of nanocrystalline Mg and Mg-based alloys are presented. In a following research effort the sorption kinetics of nanocrystalline Mg has been further enhanced by catalyst additions. Furthermore, different transition metals have been added to Mg to achieve a thermodynamic destabilisation of the hydride, thus lowering the desorption temperatures to about 230 °C. The newly developed materials are currently being tested in prototype storage tanks.

Lab Scale Study on Synergistic Disinfection of WWTPS Secondary Effluent by Ultrasonic and Ozone

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4751-4756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Zi Fu Li ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Fu Rong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
New Research ◽  
Ozone Disinfection

Secondary effluent from WWTPS still contains a large number of microorganisms, therefore, disinfection is essential. There are many disadvantages in using traditional disinfection methods, so the combination of disinfection techniques is a new research direction. Ozone combined with ultrasound is one of them. In this experiment, the inactivation of the total coli forms, color removal and UV254 removal of secondary effluent by a combination of ultrasonic (frequency20 kHz; power100W) and ozone disinfection was investigated. The results show that the effect of the synergistic action of 30s US and ozone disinfection is superior to the effect of individual ozone disinfection. After 15min synergistic disinfection, the total coli forms inactivation rate is up to 99.9%, simultaneously color removal rate to 80% and UV254 removal rate to 52%. Compared with individual ozone disinfection, reaction time was reduced by 5 min.

Analysis of Aluminium Beam-to-Column Joints by the Component Method: Existing Studies and Research Needs

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco De Matteis ◽  
Giuseppe Brando
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Component Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
New Research ◽  
Steel Joints

This paper aims at providing an overview on the current state of the art and on possible future developments concerning the component method implementation for the classification of beam-to-column joints belonging to aluminum moment resisting frames.After a brief discussion on the component method theoretical bases, developed in the past to give a feasible calculation procedure for steel joints, recent experimental and numerical studies, carried out for investigating some aluminum components, are presented and discussed. In particular strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge are put into evidence, also in light of the peculiarities that make aluminum alloys different from steel. The launch of new research fields, aimed at pursuing an update of the current codes dealing with aluminum structures, is therefore proposed.

A Data Mining Approach to Forming Generic Bills of Materials in Support of Variant Design Activities

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Romanowski , ◽  
Rakesh Nagi
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Variant Design ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
New Research

In variant design, the proliferation of bills of materials makes it difficult for designers to find previous designs that would aid in completing a new design task. This research presents a novel, data mining approach to forming generic bills of materials (GBOMs), entities that represent the different variants in a product family and facilitate the search for similar designs and configuration of new variants. The technical difficulties include: (i) developing families or categories for products, assemblies, and component parts; (ii) generalizing purchased parts and quantifying their similarity; (iii) performing tree union; and (iv) establishing design constraints. These challenges are met through data mining methods such as text and tree mining, a new tree union procedure, and embodying the GBOM and design constraints in constrained XML. The paper concludes with a case study, using data from a manufacturer of nurse call devices, and identifies a new research direction for data mining motivated by the domains of engineering design and information.

Vietnamese Proverbs From a Cultural Perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Quy Ngo Thi ◽  
◽  
Hong Minh Nguyen Thi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
New Research

Proverbs are important data depicting the traditional culture of each nation. Vietnamese proverbs, dated thousands of years ago, are an immense valuable treasure of experience which the Vietnamese people desire to pass to the younger generations. This paper aims to explore the unique and diversified world of intelligence and spirits of the Vietnamese through a condensed and special literary genre, as well as a traditional value of the nation (Nguyen Xuan Kinh 2013, Tran Ngoc Them 1996, Le Chi Que and Ngo Thi Thanh Quy 2014). Through an interdisciplinary approach, from an anthropological point of view, approaching proverbs we will open up a vast treasure of knowledge and culture of all Vietnamese generations. The study has examined over 16,000 Vietnamese proverbs and analysed three groups expressing Vietnamese people’s behaviors toward nature, society and their selves, and compared them with English and Japanese proverbs. The research has attempted to explore the beauty of Vietnamese language, cultural values and the souls and personalities of Vietnam. Approaching Vietnamese proverbs under the interdisciplinary perspective of language, culture and literature is a new research direction in the field of Social Sciences and Humanity in Vietnam. From these viewpoints, it is seen that proverbs have remarkably contributed to the language and culture of Vietnam as well as and constructed to the practice of language use in everyday life which is imaginary, meaningful and effective in communication. Furthermore, the study seeks to inspire the Vietnamese youth’s pride in national identity and to encourage their preservation and promotion for traditional values of the nation in the context of integration and globalisation. In the meantime, it would be favourable to introduce and market the beauty of Vietnamese language, culture and people to the world, encouraging the speakers of other languages to study, explore and understand Vietnam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document