Composition, Anti-MRSA Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon Species

Many of the essential oils obtained from medicinal plants possess proven antimicrobial activity and are suitable for medicinal purposes and applications in the food industry. The aim of the present work was the chemical analysis of 19 essential oils (EOs) from seven different Cymbopogon species (C. nardus, C. citratus, C winterianus, C. flexuosus, C. schoenanthus, C. martinii, C. giganteus). Five different chemotypes were established by GC/MS and TLC assay. The EOs, as well as some reference compounds, i.e., citronellol, geraniol and citral (neral + geranial), were also tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the microdilution method and direct bioautography. The toxicity of EOs was evaluated by Danio rerio ‘Zebrafish’ model assay. All examined EOs showed moderate to high activity against MRSA, with the highest activity noted for C. flexuosus—lemongrass essential oil, both in microdilution and direct autobiography method. Significant difference in the toxicity of the examined EOs was also detected.

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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Cinnamomum Sp. Essential Oil and Cinnamaldehyde: Antimicrobial Activities

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2018/7405736 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Diego F. Firmino ◽

Theodora T. A. Cavalcante ◽

Geovany A. Gomes ◽

Nairley C. S. Firmino ◽

Lucas D. Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Clinical Interest ◽

Potential Use

To assess the activities of essential oils derived from the trunk bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (EOCz) and Cinnamomum cassia (EOCc) as well as cinnamaldehyde on bacterial biofilms of clinical interest. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Antibiofilm activity was assessed by quantifying the biomass and determining the number of viable cells. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined. The results showed that the major component of EOCz and EOCc was cinnamaldehyde. For the assayed substances, biofilm biomasses were reduced by up to 99.9%, and Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli biofilms were sensitive to all of the concentrations and substances analysed. In cell viability tests, 2 mg/ml of cinnamaldehyde reduced the number of viable cells by 5.74 Log CFU/ml. EOCz, EOCc, and cinnamaldehyde exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. This work describes substances with potential use against infections caused by bacterial biofilms.

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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9110730 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 730

Author(s):

Nicolás Gómez-Sequeda ◽

Marlon Cáceres ◽

Elena E. Stashenko ◽

William Hidalgo ◽

Claudia Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Microbial Infections

The emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms represents a global challenge due to the lack of new effective antimicrobial agents. In this sense, essential oils (EOs) are an alternative to be considered because of their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofilm biological activities. Therefore, multiple efforts have been made to consider the potential use of EOs in the treatment of infections which are caused by resistant microorganisms. In this study, 15 EOs of both Colombian and introduced aromatic plants were evaluated against pathogenic strains of E. coli O157:H7 and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in planktonic and sessile states in order to identify relevant and promising alternatives for the treatment of microbial infections. Forty different compounds were identified in the 15 EO with nine of them constituted mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (OM). EOs from Lippia origanoides, chemotypes thymol, and carvacrol, displayed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 (MIC50 = 0.9 and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively) and MRSA (MIC50 = 1.2 and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively). These compounds from EOs had also the highest antibiofilm activity (inhibition percentage > 70.3%). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), changes in the size and morphology of both bacteria were observed when they were exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of L. origanoides EO carvacrol chemotype. EOs from L. origanoides, thymol, and carvacrol chemotypes represented a viable alternative for the treatment of microbial infections; however, the Selectivity Index (SI ≤ 3) indicated that it was necessary to study alternatives to reduce its in vitro cytotoxicity.

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Cytotoxic Activity of Citral from Cymbopogon nardus as Anticancer of MCM-B2 Cell

Current Biochemistry ◽

10.29244/cb.7.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Hasim Hasim ◽

Surya Pangidoan Nasution ◽

Silvi Octavia Kurniawati ◽

Indah Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Cymbopogon Nardus ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Deadly Disease ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

Cancer is a deadly disease caused by cell abnormalities characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. One type of cancer that is the second leading cause of death is breast cancer. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) is a plant containing citral and geraniol which has the potential as an anticancer. This research was aimed to analyze the potential of essential oils from citronella as antiproliferation of MCM-B2 breast cancer cells. The results of this research showed that lemongrass essential oil was able to significantly reduce the growth of MCM-B2 cancer cells (p<0.05). The concentration of 3 ppm showed an significant difference in doxorubicin, and the concentration of 24 ppm had the highest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.38 ppm. Keywords: Antiproliferation, breast cancer, MCM-B2, essential oils, fragrant lemongrass

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Lactobacillus plantarum in Dual-Species Biofilms With Listeria monocytogenes Enhanced the Anti-Listeria Activity of a Commercial Disinfectant Based on Hydrogen Peroxide and Peracetic Acid

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.631627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lourenço Bonneville ◽

Vera Maia ◽

Inês Barroso ◽

Joaquín V. Martínez-Suárez ◽

Luisa Brito

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Peracetic Acid ◽

Food Industry ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of dual-species biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes with Lactobacillus plantarum on the anti-Listeria activity of a hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid based commercial disinfectant (P3, Oxonia) when using conditions approaching the food industry environment. Nine strains of L. monocytogenes, including eight persistent strains collected from the meat industry and one laboratory control strain, were used in mono and in dual-species biofilms with a strain of L. plantarum. Biofilms were produced on stainless steel coupons (SSCs), at 11°C (low temperature) or at 25°C (control temperature), in TSB-YE (control rich medium) or in 1/10 diluted TSB-YE (mimicking the situation of biofilm formation after a deficient industrial cleaning procedure). The biofilm forming ability of the strains was evaluated by enumeration of viable cells, and the antibiofilm activity of P3 was assessed by the log reduction of viable cells on SSC. In both nutrient conditions and at low temperature, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between L. monocytogenes biofilm forming ability in mono- and in dual-species biofilms. In dual-species biofilms, L. monocytogenes was the dominant species. However, it was generally more susceptible to the lower concentration of P3 0.5% (v/v) than in pure culture biofilms. The presence of L. plantarum, although without significant interference in the number of viable cells of L. monocytogenes, enhanced the efficacy of the anti-Listeria activity of P3, since dual-species biofilms were easier to control. The results presented here reinforce the importance of the investigation into co-culture biofilms produced in food industry conditions, namely at low temperatures, when susceptibility to sanitizers is being assessed.

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Contribution of Essential Oils to the Fight against Microbial Biofilms—A Review

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9030537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 537

Author(s):

Diana Camelia Nuță ◽

Carmen Limban ◽

Cornel Chiriță ◽

Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc ◽

Teodora Costea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Food Industry ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Huge Amount ◽

Microbial Biofilms ◽

Infection Treatment

The increasing clinical use of artificial medical devices raises the issue of microbial contamination, which is a risk factor for the occurrence of biofilm-associated infections. A huge amount of scientific data highlights the promising potential of essential oils (EOs) to be used for the development of novel antibiofilm strategies. We aimed to review the relevant literature indexed in PubMed and Embase and to identify the recent directions in the field of EOs, as a new modality to eradicate microbial biofilms. We paid special attention to studies that explain the mechanisms of the microbicidal and antibiofilm activity of EOs, as well as their synergism with other antimicrobials. The EOs are difficult to test for their antimicrobial activity due to lipophilicity and volatility, so we have presented recent methods that facilitate these tests. There are presented the applications of EOs in chronic wounds and biofilm-mediated infection treatment, in the food industry and as air disinfectants. This analysis concludes that EOs are a source of antimicrobial agents that should not be neglected and that will probably provide new anti-infective therapeutic agents.

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Moxifloxacin efficacy against Mycobacterium abscessus in vivo using zebrafish model

10.1101/865824 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wenjuan Nie ◽

Shan Gao ◽

Tianlu Teng ◽

Wenqiang Zhou ◽

Yuanyuan Shang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Intensity ◽

Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽

High Dose ◽

Good Activity ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractMoxifloxacin (MFX) showed good activity in vitro against Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) and was suggested as one of the antibiotic regimens for adults with M. abscessus disease. However, some other studies showed that MFX showed less or none activity against M. abscessus. In our study we aim to evaluate MFX activity against M. abscessus using zebrafish (ZF) model in vivo. MIC of each drugs were determined by broth microdilution method. M. abscessus labeled by CM-DiI, were micro-injected into ZF. Survival curves were determined by recording dead ZF every day. After 4 days of incubation ZF were lysed. Colony-forming unit (CFU) were enumerated and results are expressed as mean log10 CFU per ZF. Bacteria dissemination and fluorescence intensity in ZF were observed and analyzed. Inhibition rate was also calculated. In our study MFX showed good activity in vitro. But in vivo MFX showed limited restriction to M. abscessus. The association between increased survival and high dose of MFX is not significant. Same results were observed in bacterial fluorescence intensity and inhibition rates, with no significant difference when compared with no drug group (P > 0.05). However, significant difference was observed in azithromycin (AZM) group. MFX showed limited efficacy on Mycobacterium abscessus in vivo using ZF model. MFX’s activity in vivo need to be confirmed.

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Perbandingan randemen minyak atsiri sereh (cymbopogon citratus) yang umur panennya 6 bulan Dan 9 bulan dengan metode destilasi air)

Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan ◽

10.35960/vm.v10i3.430 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 66-71

Author(s):

Rani Prabandari

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Test Sample ◽

Distillation Method ◽

Average Yield ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Water Distillation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

AbstractIndonesian nature is very rich in plants containing essential oils. Essential oils can be produced from various parts of plants such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or fruit. There are 50-200 species of essential oil producing plants. In Indonesia there are around 40 types of essential oils producing plants. One of the essential oils producing plants is lemongrass (Taufiq, Tuhana, 2008 p: 2). This study aims to determine the comparison of essential oils in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) which are harvested at 6 months and 9 months with a water distillation method. The procedure for selecting samples and research samples, directly with the object of research, is the citronella plant whose harvest age is 6 months taken from 1 clump and 9 months taken from 1 clump. The results of this study indicate that lemongrass plants with a harvest age of 6 months produce more essential oils compared to lemongrass plants with a harvest age of 9 months. This is influenced by several factors, including climate, harvest age. Lemongrass plants aged 6 months are the optimal age to be harvested, so that they get a higher yield of essential oils, besides that the factors of soil fertility and the intensity of sunlight also affect the content of essential oils of lemongrass.From the results of the research that has been done on the test sample, it can be concluded that the results of the essential oil ration on citronella (Cymbopogon citratus), which has 6 months of harvest age, obtained an average yield of 0.46% v / b and 9 months. 0.35% v / b with the results of the t-test obtained by the price t-count (2.984)> t-table (2.776). So that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted and it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between lemongrass with 6 months and 9 months of harvest. Keywords: lemongrass, essential oil, age of harvest, water distillation

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Toxicological Profile of Plasmonic Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6372

Author(s):

Marta d’Amora ◽

Vittoria Raffa ◽

Francesco De Angelis ◽

Francesco Tantussi

Keyword(s):

Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Surface Plasmon ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Plasmonic Nanoparticles ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Toxicological Profile ◽

Materials Used

Plasmonic nanoparticles are increasingly employed in several fields, thanks to their unique, promising properties. In particular, these particles exhibit a surface plasmon resonance combined with outstanding absorption and scattering properties. They are also easy to synthesize and functionalize, making them ideal for nanotechnology applications. However, the physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles can make them potentially toxic, even if their bulk metallic forms are almost inert. In this review, we aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential adverse effects of plasmonic nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during both development and adulthood, focusing our attention on the most common materials used, i.e., gold and silver.

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α-Terpinyl Acetate: Occurrence in Essential Oils Bearing Thymus pulegioides, Phytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26041065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1065

Author(s):

Vaida Vaičiulytė ◽

Kristina Ložienė ◽

Jurgita Švedienė ◽

Vita Raudonienė ◽

Algimantas Paškevičius

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Economic Productivity ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Lower Effect

The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrence of T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype, as source of natural origin α-terpinyl acetate, to determine its phytotoxic and antimicrobial features. Were investigated 131 T. pulegioides habitats. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Phytotoxic effect of essential oil of this chemotype on monocotyledons and dicotyledons through water and air was carried out in laboratory conditions; the broth microdilution method was used to screen essential oil effect against human pathogenic microorganisms. Results showed that α-terpinyl acetate was very rare compound in essential oil of T. pulegioides: it was found only in 35% of investigated T. pulegioides habitats. α-Terpinyl acetate (in essential oil and pure) demonstrated different behavior on investigated plants. Phytotoxic effect of α-terpinyl acetate was stronger on investigated monocotyledons than on dicotyledons. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil inhibited seeds germination and radicles growth for high economic productivity forage grass monocotyledon Poa pratensis, but stimulated seed germination for high economic productive forage legume dicotyledon Trifolium pretense. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil showed high antimicrobial effect against fungi and dermatophytes but lower effect against bacteria and Candida yeasts. Therefore, T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype could be a potential compound for developing preventive measures or/and drugs for mycosis.

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Outcomes of Mastoidectomy With Antibiotic Catheter Irrigation for Patients With Draining Ventilation Tubes

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/01455613211025742 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014556132110257

Author(s):

Joel W. Jones ◽

Daniel P. Ballard ◽

Todd A. Hillman ◽

Douglas A. Chen

Keyword(s):

Chart Review ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Tympanostomy Tube ◽

Indwelling Catheter ◽

Intravenous Antibiotics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ventilation Tubes ◽

Catheter Irrigation

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of mastoidectomy with antibiotic catheter irrigation in patients with chronic tympanostomy tube otorrhea. Methods: A chart review of adult and pediatric patients with persistent tympanostomy tube otorrhea who had failed outpatient medical management and underwent mastoidectomy with placement of a temporary indwelling catheter for antibiotic instillation was performed. Patients were retrospectively followed for recurrent drainage after 2 months and outcomes were categorized as resolution (0-1 episodes of otorrhea or otitis media with effusion during follow-up), improvement (2-3 episodes), or continued episodic (>3 episodes). Results: There were 22 patients and 23 operated ears. Median age was 46 years (interquartile range, IQR = 29-65). The median duration of otorrhea from referral was 5.5 months (IQR = 2.8-12). Following surgery, 14 ears had resolution of drainage, 6 had improvement, and 3 had episodic. The observed percentage of resolved/improved ears (87%) was significant ( P = .0005, 95% CI = 67.9%-95.5%). Median follow-up time was 25 months (IQR = 12-59). Pre and postoperative pure tone averages improved (difference of medians = −3.3 dB, P = .02) with no significant difference in word recognition scores ( P = .68). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated microbe while no growth was most frequently noted on intraoperative cultures. Conclusions: Mastoidectomy with antibiotic catheter irrigation may be an effective surgical strategy, and single stage alternative to intravenous antibiotics, for select patients with persistent tube otorrhea who have failed topical and oral antibiotics.

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