scholarly journals Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Cause a Dose-Dependent Toxicity via Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Drosophila

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Baeg ◽  
Kanidta Sooklert ◽  
Amornpun Sereemaspun
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Dose Dependent

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have attracted considerable attention, because of their biocide potential and capability for optical imaging, however CuONPs were shown to be highly toxic in various experimental model systems. In this study, mechanism underlying CuONP-induced toxicity was investigated using Drosophila as an in vivo model. Upon oral route of administration, CuONPs accumulated in the body, and caused a dose-dependent decrease in egg-to-adult survivorship and a delay in development. In particular, transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed CuONPs were detected inside the intestinal epithelial cells and lumen. A drastic increase in apoptosis and reactive oxygen species was also observed in the gut exposed to CuONPs. Importantly, we found that inhibition of the transcription factor Nrf2 further enhances the toxicity caused by CuONPs. These observations suggest that CuONPs disrupt the gut homeostasis and that oxidative stress serves as one of the primary causes of CuONP-induced toxicity in Drosophila.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals What Did We Accomplish in Fighting Radical Species in Human Health?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Rachid Skouta
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Physiological Level

Maintaining the physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the body is highly important in the fight against radical species in the context of human health [...]

scholarly journals Vesicular Formation of Trans-Ferulic Acid: an Efficient Approach to Improve the Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Rezaeiroshan ◽  
Majid Saeedi ◽  
Katayoun Morteza-Semnani ◽  
Jafar Akbari ◽  
Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production

Abstract Purposes Reactive oxygen species production is harmful to human’s health. The presence of antioxidants in the body may help to diminish reactive oxygen species. Trans-ferulic acid is a good antioxidant, but its low water solubility excludes its utilization. The study aims to explore whether a vesicular drug delivery could be a way to overcome the poor absorption of trans-ferulic acid hence improving its antimicrobial efficiency and antioxidant effect. Methods Niosomal vesicles containing the drug were prepared by film hydration method. The obtained vesicles were investigated in terms of morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, release behavior, cellular cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cellular protection study, and antimicrobial evaluations. Results The optimized niosomal formulation had a particle size of 158.7 nm and entrapment efficiency of 21.64%. The results showed that the optimized formulation containing 25 μM of trans-ferulic acid could enhance the viability of human foreskin fibroblast HFF cell line against reactive oxygen species production. The minimum effective dose of the plain drug and the niosomal formulation against Staphylococcus aurous (ATCC 29213) was 750 µg/mL and 375 µg/mL, respectively, and for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), it was 750 µg/mL and 187/5 µg/mL, respectively. The formulation could also improve the minimum bactericidal concentration of the drug in Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, and Acinobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606). Conclusion These results revealed an improvement in both antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the drug in the niosomal formulation.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Effects of Biguanides on Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Pecinova ◽  
Zdenek Drahota ◽  
Jana Kovalcikova ◽  
Nikola Kovarova ◽  
Petr Pecina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Species Production

Metformin is widely prescribed as a first-choice antihyperglycemic drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recent epidemiological studies showed its utility also in cancer therapy. Although it is in use since the 1970s, its molecular target, either for antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action, remains elusive. However, the body of the research on metformin effect oscillates around mitochondrial metabolism, including the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) apparatus. In this study, we focused on direct inhibitory mechanism of biguanides (metformin and phenformin) on OXPHOS complexes and its functional impact, using the model of isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria. We demonstrate that biguanides nonspecifically target the activities of all respiratory chain dehydrogenases (mitochondrial NADH, succinate, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenases), but only at very high concentrations (10−2–10−1 M) that highly exceed cellular concentrations observed during the treatment. In addition, these concentrations of biguanides also trigger burst of reactive oxygen species production which, in combination with pleiotropic OXPHOS inhibition, can be toxic for the organism. We conclude that the beneficial effect of biguanides should probably be associated with subtler mechanism, different from the generalized inhibition of the respiratory chain.

scholarly journals Abrus agglutinin targets cancer stem-like cells by eliminating self-renewal capacity accompanied with apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831770163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Sinha ◽  
Prashanta Kumar Panda ◽  
Prajna Paramita Naik ◽  
Tapas K Maiti ◽  
Sujit K Bhutia
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Fadu Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

The accumulating evidences show that Abrus agglutinin, a plant lectin, displays a broad range of anticancer activity including cancer-specific induction of apoptosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of Abrus agglutinin–induced oral cancer stem cell elimination remains elusive. Our data documented that Abrus agglutinin effectively downregulated the CD44+ expression with the increased CD44− population in different oral cancer cells. After 24-h Abrus agglutinin treatment, FaDu cells were quantified for orosphere formation in ultra-low attachment plates and data showed that Abrus agglutinin inhibited the number and size of orosphere in a dose-dependent manner in FaDu cells. Furthermore, Abrus agglutinin hindered the plasticity of FaDu orospheres as supported by reduced sphere formation and downregulated the self-renewal property via inhibition of Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. Introduction of LiCl, a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor, rescued the Abrus agglutinin–stimulated inhibition of β-catenin and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β in FaDu cell–derived orospheres confirming importance of Wnt signaling in Abrus agglutinin–mediated inhibition of stemness. In this connection, our data showed that Abrus agglutinin restrained proliferation and induced apoptosis in FaDu-derived cancer stem cells in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, western blot data demonstrated that Abrus agglutinin increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with activation of poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase and caspase-3 favoring apoptosis induction in orospheres. Abrus agglutinin induced reactive oxygen species accumulation in orospheres and pretreatment of N-acetyl cysteine, and a reactive oxygen species scavenger inhibited Abrus agglutinin–mediated caspase-3 activity and β-catenin expression indicating reactive oxygen species as a principal regulator of Wnt signaling and apoptosis. In conclusion, Abrus agglutinin has a potential role as an integrative therapeutic approach for combating oral cancer through targeting self-renewability of orospheres via reactive oxygen species–mediated apoptosis.

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