scholarly journals Modeling the Reflectance Changes Induced by Vapor Condensation in Lycaenid Butterfly Wing Scales Colored by Photonic Nanoarchitectures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géza I. Márk ◽  
Krisztián Kertész ◽  
Gábor Piszter ◽  
Zsolt Bálint ◽  
László P. Biró
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Structural Color ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Lycaenid Butterfly ◽  
Wing Scales

Gas/vapor sensors based on photonic band gap-type materials are attractive as they allow a quick optical readout. The photonic nanoarchitectures responsible for the coloration of the wing scales of many butterfly species possessing structural color exhibit chemical selectivity, i.e., give vapor-specific optical response signals. Modeling this complex physical-chemical process is very important to be able to exploit the possibilities of these photonic nanoarchitectures. We performed measurements of the ethanol vapor concentration-dependent reflectance spectra of the Albulina metallica butterfly, which exhibits structural color on both the dorsal (blue) and ventral (gold-green) wing sides. Using a numerical analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, we revealed the details of the photonic nanoarchitecture inside the wing scales. On both sides, it is a 1D + 2D structure, a stack of layers, where the layers contain a quasi-ordered arrangement of air voids embedded in chitin. Next, we built a parametric simulation model that matched the measured spectra. The reflectance spectra were calculated by ab-initio methods by assuming variable amounts of vapor condensed to liquid in the air voids, as well as vapor concentration-dependent swelling of the chitin. From fitting the simulated results to the measured spectra, we found a similar swelling on both wing surfaces, but more liquid was found to concentrate in the smaller air voids for each vapor concentration value measured.

scholarly journals Imaging scatterometry and microspectrophotometry of lycaenid butterfly wing scales with perforated multilayers

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodo D Wilts ◽  
Hein L Leertouwer ◽  
Doekele G Stavenga
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Lycaenid Butterfly ◽  
Wing Scales

We studied the structural as well as spatial and spectral reflectance characteristics of the wing scales of lycaenid butterfly species, where the scale bodies consist of perforated multilayers. The extent of the spatial scattering profiles was measured with a newly built scatterometer. The width of the reflectance spectra, measured with a microspectrophotometer, decreased with the degree of perforation, in agreement with the calculations based on multilayer theory.

scholarly journals Optical Vapor Sensing on Single Wing Scales and on Whole Wings of the Albulina metallica Butterfly

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztián Kertész ◽  
Gábor Piszter ◽  
Zsolt Bálint ◽  
László Biró
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Structural Color ◽  
Vapor Sensing ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Index Matching ◽  
Chemically Selective ◽  
Wing Scales

Fast, chemically-selective sensing of vapors using an optical readout can be achieved with the photonic nanoarchitectures occurring in the wing scales of butterflies possessing structural color. These nanoarchitectures are built of chitin and air. The Albulina metallica butterfly is remarkable as both the dorsal (blue) and ventral (gold-green) cover scales are colored by the same type (pepper-pot) of photonic nanoarchitecture, exhibiting only a short-range order. The vapors of ten different volatiles were tested for sensing on whole wing pieces and some of the volatiles were tested on single scales as well, both in reflected and transmitted light. Chemically-selective responses were obtained showing that selectivity can be increased by using arrays of sensors. The sensing behavior is similar in single scales and on whole wing pieces, and is similar in reflected and transmitted light. By immersing single scales in an index-matching fluid for chitin, both the light scattering and the photonic nanoarchitecture were switched off, and the differences in pigment content were revealed. By artificially stacking several layers of blue scales on top of each other, both the intensity of the characteristic photonic signal in air and the magnitude of the vapor sensing response for 50% ethanol vapor in artificial air were increased.

scholarly journals ETHANOL VAPOR SENSING PROPERTIES OF ZnO/CuO NANOCOMPOSITES

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1A) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Duc Tho
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Wet Chemical Method ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Vapor Sensing ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
20 Nm

CuO leaf-like with thickness of 20 nm, and ZnO plates with thickness of 40 nm have been successfully prepared through a wet chemical method. The two materials were mixed with different weight ratios (CuO/ZnO) to produce nanocomposite materials. Ethanol vapor sensing properties of films derived from obtained materials on SiO2/Si substrates attached with Pt interdigitated electrodes were investigated at operating temperatures in the range of 250 C – 400 C and ethanol vapor concentration in the range of 125 - 1500 ppm. The results showed that the composite of 30 wt% CuO/70 wt% ZnO exhibited the highest response to ethanol vapor at an optimum temperature of 375 oC.

scholarly journals Orientation-Dependent Reflection of Structurally Coloured Butterflies

Biomimetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sigrid Zobl ◽  
Bodo D. Wilts ◽  
Willi Salvenmoser ◽  
Peter Pölt ◽  
Ille C. Gebeshuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Photonic Structures ◽  
Light Interference ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Individual Scale ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wing Scales

The photonic structures of butterfly wing scales are widely known to cause angle-dependent colours by light interference with nanostructures present in the wing scales. Here, we quantify the relevance of the horizontal alignment of the butterfly wing scales on the wing. The orientation-dependent reflection was measured at four different azimuth angles, with a step size of 90°, for ten samples—two of different areas of the same species—of eight butterfly species of three subfamilies at constant angles of illumination and observation. For the observed species with varying optical structures, the wing typically exhibits higher orientation-dependent reflections than the individual scale. We find that the measured anisotropy is caused by the commonly observed grating structures that can be found on all butterfly wing scales, rather than the local photonic structures. Our results show that the technique employed here can be used to quickly evaluate the orientation-dependence of the reflection and hence provide important input for bio-inspired applications, e.g., to identify whether the respective structure is suitable as a template for nano-imprinting techniques.

The Dependence of Pool Scrubbing Decontamination Factor on Particle Number Density: Modeling Based on Bubble Mass and Energy Balance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuteru Sibamoto ◽  
Haomin Sun ◽  
Yoshiyasu Hirose ◽  
Yutaka Kukita
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Decontamination Factor ◽  
Particle Number Density ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Condensational Growth

Abstract The dependence of pool scrubbing performance on particle number density is studied through numerical simulation of experimental results. The DF values obtained from the authors’ experiments (Sun et al., Sci. Technol. Nucl. Inst., Article ID 1743982, 2019) indicate a sharp decrease with an increase in the inlet particle number density beyond 1011/m3. The mechanisms underlying such dependence is yet to be studied. In this paper, a simple model is developed to study the factors affecting the experimentally observed dependence of DF. The test results suggest that the condensational growth of particles plays an essential role in the inertial capture. The vapor condensation on the particles has an effect to deplete the vapor supersaturation in the bubble by both lowering the vapor concentration and raising the temperature. This effect will become important at high particle number densities. The bubble mass and energy balance is calculated to derive the particle growth and the inertial DF as a function of the bubble rise distance through the pool water. The balance is assumed to be quasi-steady, and the vapor concentration and the temperature to be uniform in the bubble. It is shown that the model reproduces the tendency observed in the experimental DF. The model predicts that the degree of supersaturation is affected when particle concentration exceeds 1011/m3, curbing the condensational growth of particles, and thereby retarding the inertial capture.

scholarly journals Photonic band gap effect and structural color from silver nanoparticle gelatin emulsion

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mang Hin Kok ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Jeffrey Chi Wai Lee ◽  
Wing Yim Tam ◽  
C. T. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Gap Effect ◽  
Structural Color ◽  
Photonic Band

scholarly journals Spectrally tuned structural and pigmentary coloration of birdwing butterfly wing scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (111) ◽  
pp. 20150717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodo D. Wilts ◽  
Atsuko Matsushita ◽  
Kentaro Arikawa ◽  
Doekele G. Stavenga
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Spectral Filter ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Small Genus ◽  
Wing Scales

The colourful wing patterns of butterflies play an important role for enhancing fitness; for instance, by providing camouflage, for interspecific mate recognition, or for aposematic display. Closely related butterfly species can have dramatically different wing patterns. The phenomenon is assumed to be caused by ecological processes with changing conditions, e.g. in the environment, and also by sexual selection. Here, we investigate the birdwing butterflies, Ornithoptera , the largest butterflies of the world, together forming a small genus in the butterfly family Papilionidae. The wings of these butterflies are marked by strongly coloured patches. The colours are caused by specially structured wing scales, which act as a chirped multilayer reflector, but the scales also contain papiliochrome pigments, which act as a spectral filter. The combined structural and pigmentary effects tune the coloration of the wing scales. The tuned colours are presumably important for mate recognition and signalling. By applying electron microscopy, (micro-)spectrophotometry and scatterometry we found that the various mechanisms of scale coloration of the different birdwing species strongly correlate with the taxonomical distribution of Ornithoptera species.

scholarly journals Sexual dichroism and pigment localization in the wing scales of Pieris rapae butterflies

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1606) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Giraldo ◽  
D.G Stavenga
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pieris Rapae Crucivora ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Wing Coloration ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Wing Scales

The beads in the wing scales of pierid butterflies play a crucially important role in wing coloration as shown by spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The beads contain pterin pigments, which in Pieris rapae absorb predominantly in the ultraviolet (UV). SEM demonstrates that in the European subspecies Pieris rapae rapae , both males and females have dorsal wing scales with a high concentration of beads. In the Japanese subspecies Pieris rapae crucivora , however, only the males have dorsal wing scales studded with beads, and the dorsal scales of females lack beads. Microspectrophotometry of single scales without beads yields reflectance spectra that increase slightly and monotonically with wavelength. With beads, the reflectance is strongly reduced in the UV and enhanced at the longer wavelengths. By stacking several layers of beaded scales, pierid butterflies achieve strong colour contrasts, which are not realized in the dorsal wings of female P. r. crucivora . Consequently, P. r. crucivora exhibits a strong sexual dichroism that is absent in P. r. rapae .

scholarly journals The wing scales of the Mother-of-pearl butterfly, Protogoniomorpha parhassus, are thin film reflectors causing strong iridescence and polarization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doekele G. Stavenga
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Spectral Shape ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Structural Color ◽  
Light Interference ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Wing Scales

The dorsal wings of the Mother-of-pearl butterfly, Protogoniomorpha parhassus, display an angle-dependent pink, structural color. This effect is created by light interference in the lower lamina of the wing scales, which acts as an optical thin film. The scales feature extremely large windows that enhance the scale reflectance, because the upper lamina of ridges and crossribs is very sparse. Characteristic for thin film reflectors, the spectral shape of the reflected light strongly depends on the angle of light incidence, shifting from pink to yellow when changing the angles of illumination and observation from normal to skew, and also the degree of polarization strongly varies. The simultaneous spectral and polarization changes serve a possibly widespread, highly effective communication system among butterflies for intraspecific communication during flight.

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