scholarly journals Limited Effects of Low-to-Moderate Aerobic Exercise on the Gut Microbiota of Mice Subjected to a High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe M. Ribeiro ◽  
Camila F. A. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Cláudia M. G. ◽  
Alinne P. Castro ◽  
Jeeser A. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Speed Training

Several studies have indicated that diet and exercise may modulate the gut microbiota in obese subjects. Both interventions were shown to alter the microbiota orthogonally. However, this relationship has not been fully explored. This study analyzed the effects of low-to-moderate aerobic training on the fecal microbiota of mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, 40 male mice (C57Bl/6) were divided into two groups with standard diet (SD; 12.4% lipid) and HFD (60.3% lipid) for four months. These groups were divided into four, named SD control, HF control, SD trained and HF trained. All animals were submitted to an incremental test to estimate low-to-moderate maximum speed. Training consisted of 30 min·day−1, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. The HFD increased the body weight (p < 0.0001) and adiposity index (p < 0.05). HFD also negatively influenced performance in exercise training. Moreover, the diversity of gut microbiota was reduced by the HFD in all groups. A low-to-moderate exercise was ineffective in modulating the gut microbiota composition in mice subjected to HFD. These findings suggest that two months of low-to-moderate exercise does not achieve a preponderant modulatory effect on shaping microbiota when submitted to the high-fat diet.

scholarly journals Effect of High Intensity Interval and Continuous Swimming Training on Body Mass Adiposity Level and Serum Parameters in High-Fat Diet Fed Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme L. da Rocha ◽  
Alex H. Crisp ◽  
Maria R. M. de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos A. da Silva ◽  
Jadson O. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Body Mass Gain ◽  
Training Standard

This study aimed to investigate the effects of interval and continuous training on the body mass gain and adiposity levels of rats fed a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, standard diet and high-fat diet, and received their respective diets for a period of four weeks without exercise stimuli. After this period, the animals were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): control standard diet (CS), control high-fat diet (CH), continuous training standard diet (CTS), continuous training high-fat diet (CTH), interval training standard diet (ITS), and interval training high-fat diet (ITH). The interval and continuous training consisted of a swimming exercise performed over eight weeks. CH rats had greater body mass gain, sum of adipose tissues mass, and lower serum high density lipoprotein values than CS. The trained groups showed lower values of feed intake, caloric intake, body mass gain, and adiposity levels compared with the CH group. No significant differences were observed between the trained groups (CTS versus ITS and CTH versus ITH) on body mass gains and adiposity levels. In conclusion, both training methodologies were shown to be effective in controlling body mass gain and adiposity levels in high-fat diet fed rats.

scholarly journals Effects of combined d-fagomine and omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota subpopulations and diabetes risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercè Hereu ◽  
Sara Ramos-Romero ◽  
Cristina Busquets ◽  
Lidia Atienza ◽  
Susana Amézqueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Risk

Abstract Food contains bioactive compounds that may prevent changes in gut microbiota associated with Westernized diets. The aim of this study is to explore the possible additive effects of d-fagomine and ω-3 PUFAs (EPA/DHA 1:1) on gut microbiota and related risk factors during early stages in the development of fat-induced pre-diabetes. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a standard diet, or a high-fat (HF) diet supplemented with d-fagomine, EPA/DHA 1:1, a combination of both, or neither, for 24 weeks. The variables measured were fasting glucose and glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, liver inflammation, fecal/cecal gut bacterial subgroups and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The animals supplemented with d-fagomine alone and in combination with ω-3 PUFAs accumulated less fat than those in the non-supplemented HF group and those given only ω-3 PUFAs. The combined supplements attenuated the high-fat-induced incipient insulin resistance (IR), and liver inflammation, while increasing the cecal content, the Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio and the populations of Bifidobacteriales. The functional effects of the combination of d-fagomine and EPA/DHA 1:1 against gut dysbiosis and the very early metabolic alterations induced by a high-fat diet are mainly those of d-fagomine complemented by the anti-inflammatory action of ω-3 PUFAs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides in Regulating Cecal and Fecal Microbiota of High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Bin Wei ◽  
Qiao-Li Xu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Tao-Shun Zhou ◽  
Song-Ze Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sargassum Fusiforme ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

Seaweed polysaccharides represent a kind of novel gut microbiota regulator. The advantages and disadvantages of using cecal and fecal microbiota to represent gut microbiota have been discussed, but the regulatory effects of seaweed polysaccharides on cecal and fecal microbiota, which would benefit the study of seaweed polysaccharide-based gut microbiota regulator, have not been compared. Here, the effects of two Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides prepared by water extraction (SfW) and acid extraction (SfA) on the cecal and fecal microbiota of high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results indicated that 16 weeks of HFD dramatically impaired the homeostasis of both the cecal and fecal microbiota, including the dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and genera Coriobacteriaceae, S24-7, and Ruminococcus, but did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcaceae in cecal microbiota and the Simpson’s index of fecal microbiota. Co-treatments with SfW and SfA exacerbated body weight gain and partially reversed HFD-induced alterations of Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae. Moreover, the administration of SfW and SfA also altered the abundance of genes encoding monosaccharide-transporting ATPase, α-galactosidase, β-fructofuranosidase, and β-glucosidase with the latter showing more significant potency. Our findings revealed the difference of cecal and fecal microbiota in HFD-fed mice and demonstrated that SfW and SfA could more significantly regulate the cecal microbiota and lay important foundations for the study of seaweed polysaccharide-based gut microbiota regulators.

scholarly journals Dietary Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha clathrata Attenuates Obesity and Increases the Intestinal Abundance of Butyrate-producing Bacterium, Eubacterium xylanophilum, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Jiali Wei ◽  
Yiran Zhao ◽  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Hongqian Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Previous studies have suggested that polysaccharide from Enteromorpha clathrata (ECP) could be used as a potential prebiotic to treat dysbiosis-associated diseases. However, whether it has any therapeutic effects on obesity has not been investigated. In the present study, we explored the anti-obesity effect of ECP and illustrated that it can significantly reduce the body weight and decrease the serum levels of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. As revealed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, HFD remarkably changed the composition of the gut microbiota and promoted the growth of opportunistic pathogens such as Mucispirillum, Desulfobacterota and Alphaproteobacteria in obese mice. Interestingly, ECP improved intestinal dysbiosis caused by HFD and reshaped the structure of the gut microbiota in diseased mice by increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacterium, Eubacterium xylanophilum, in the gut. Altogether, we demonstrate for the first time an anti-obesity effect of ECP and shed new light into its therapeutic mechanisms from the perspective of gut microbiota. Our study will pave the way for the development of ECP as new prebiotic for the treatment of obesity and its associated disorders.

scholarly journals Choline-deficient High-fat Diet-induced Steatohepatitis in BALB/c Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Saut Horas Hatoguan Nababan ◽  
Seruni Tyas Khairunissa ◽  
Erni Erfan ◽  
Nafrialdi Nafrialdi ◽  
Ening Krisnuhoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Expression

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an expanding cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, including Indonesia, with higher risk progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical experiments using several mice models have been conducted to clarify its complex pathogenesis. This study was designed to investigate whether BALB/c mice on a choline-deficient high-fat diet can be used as a model for NASH. Materials and Methods: BALB/c male mice were fed choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD) or a standard diet for six weeks. The body and liver weights, liver histology, and plasma biochemistry were analyzed. The relative expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, collagen-1α1 (COL1α1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) genes in the livers were analyzed using a two-step real time-polymerase chain reaction. Liver fatty acids composition was analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results: CDAHFD induced steatohepatitis in BALB/c mice with increased plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase. The liver of CDAHFD-fed BALB/c mice showed upregulated relative expression levels of TNFα, TGFβ1, COL1α1, GPx1, and UCP2 genes. The liver fatty acid analysis showed a significant accumulation of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and an increased ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the livers of CDAHFD-fed BALB/c mice. Conclusion: This study suggests that CDAHFD can induce steatohepatitis in BALB/c mice and therefore may be used as NASH mice model.Keywords: steatohepatitis, fatty liver, choline-deficient high fat diet, BALB/c 

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium adolescentis Isolated from Different Hosts Modifies the Intestinal Microbiota and Displays Differential Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Botao Wang ◽  
Qingmin Kong ◽  
Shumao Cui ◽  
Xiu Li ◽  
Zhennan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Elderly Humans

The incidence of obesity, which is closely associated with the gut microbiota and chronic inflammation, has rapidly increased in the past 40 years. Therefore, the probiotic-based modification of the intestinal microbiota composition has been developed as a strategy for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we selected four Bifidobacterium adolescentis strains isolated from the feces of newborn and elderly humans to investigate whether supplementation with B. adolescentis of various origins could alleviate obesity in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy as fat) received one of the following 14-week interventions: (i) B. adolescentis N4_N3, (ii) B. adolescentis Z25, (iii) B. adolescentis 17_3, (iv) B. adolescentis 2016_7_2, and (v) phosphate-buffered saline. The metabolic parameters, thermogenesis, and immunity of all treated mice were measured. Cecal and colonic microbial profiles were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The B. adolescentis strains isolated from the feces of elderly humans (B. adolescentis Z25, 17_3, and 2016_7_2) decreased the body weight or weight gain of mice, whilst the strain isolated from the newborn (B. adolescentis N4_N3) increased the body weight of mice. The B. adolescentis strains isolated from the elderly also increased serum leptin concentrations and induced the expression of thermogenesis- and lipid metabolism-related genes in brown adipose tissue. All the B. adolescentis strains alleviated inflammations in the spleen and brain and modified the cecal and colonic microbiota. Particularly, all strains reversed the HFD-induced depletion of Bifidobacterium and reduced the development of beta-lactam resistance. In addition, the B. adolescentis strains isolated from the elderly increased the relative abundances of potentially beneficial genera, such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Faecalibaculum. We speculate that such increased abundance of commensal bacteria may have mediated the alleviation of obesity, as B. adolescentis supplementation decreased the intestinal production of SCFAs, thereby reducing energy delivery to the host mice. Our results revealed that certain strains of B. adolescentis can alleviate obesity and modify the gut microbiota of mice. The tested strains of B. adolescentis showed different effects on lipid metabolism and immunity regulation, with these effects related to whether they had been isolated from the feces of newborn or elderly humans. This indicates that B. adolescentis from different sources may have disparate effects on host health possibly due to the transmission of origin-specific functions to the host.

scholarly journals Correlations between α-Linolenic Acid-Improved Multitissue Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Gao ◽  
Songlin Chang ◽  
Shuangfeng Liu ◽  
Lei Peng ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that α-linolenic acid (ALA) has a significant regulatory effect on related disorders induced by high-fat diets (HFDs), but little is known regarding the correlation between the gut microbiota and disease-related multitissue homeostasis. We systematically investigated the effects of ALA on the body composition, glucose homeostasis, hyperlipidemia, metabolic endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, white adipose tissue (WAT) homeostasis, liver homeostasis, intestinal homeostasis, and gut microbiota of mice fed an HFD (HFD mice). We found that ALA improved HFD-induced multitissue metabolic disorders and gut microbiota disorders to various degrees. Importantly, we established a complex but clear network between the gut microbiota and host parameters. Several specific differential bacteria were significantly associated with improved host parameters. Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Parasutterella were positively correlated with HFD-induced “harmful indicators” and negatively correlated with “beneficial indicators.” Intriguingly, Bilophila showed a strong negative correlation with HFD-induced multitissue metabolic disorders and a significant positive correlation with most beneficial indicators, which is different from its previous characterization as a “potentially harmful genus.” Turicibacter might be the key beneficial bacterium for ALA-improved metabolic endotoxemia, while Blautia might play an important role in ALA-improved gut barrier integrity and anti-inflammatory effects. The results suggested that the gut microbiota, especially some specific bacteria, played an important role in the process of ALA-improved multitissue homeostasis in HFD mice, and different bacteria might have different divisions of regulation. IMPORTANCE Insufficient intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is an important issue in modern Western-style diets. A large amount of evidence now suggests that a balanced intestinal microecology is considered an important part of health. Our results show that α-linolenic acid administration significantly improved the host metabolic phenotype and gut microbiota of mice fed a high-fat diet, and there was a correlation between the improved gut microbiota and metabolic phenotype. Some specific bacteria may play a unique regulatory role. Here, we have established correlation networks between gut microbiota and multitissue homeostasis, which may provide a new basis for further elucidating the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Regulating Gut Microbiota in Abdominal Obese Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Cuimei Liang ◽  
Mingxing Su ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats

Objective. To investigate the effects of acupuncture on metabolic health and gut microbiota dysbiosis in diet-induced abdominal obese model. Materials and Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into normal chow diet (NCD) group and high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 12 weeks of HFD feeding, an abdominal obese rat model was established. The abdominal obese rats were further assigned to acupuncture group (n=7) and nontreated HFD group (n=7). Acupuncture was applied to bilateral GB 26 of rats for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the body weight, waist circumference (WC), visceral fat mass, and liver weight were measured weekly in all rats. Metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and blood glucose were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum levels of insulin (INS) were determined using Rat INS ELISA Kit. Analysis of gut microbiota was carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results. Acupuncture decreased the body weight, WC, and visceral adipose tissues of HFD-induced abdominal obese rats. In addition, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism were improved by this treatment. Furthermore, electroacupuncture effectively modified the composition of gut microbiota, mainly via decreasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing Prevotella_9 abundance. Conclusions. Electroacupuncture can ameliorate abdominal obesity and prevent metabolic disorders in HFD-induced abdominal obese rats, via the modulation of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened Beverage and High Fat Diet Consumption Harmfully Alters Gut Microbiota and Promotes Gut Inflammation (P20-041-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Jeong Shon ◽  
Min Ho Jung ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Dong-Mi Shin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sugar

Abstract Objectives It is clear that epidemiologic trends document a dramatic increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) paralleling global westernization. Despite strong tie among diets, gut microbiota (GM) and IBD, the exact mechanisms causing IBD remains incompletely understood. Here we hypothesized that changes in the gut immune system, in response to changes in gut microbiome induced "Westernized diet", would be sufficient to trigger IBD. Methods We set out to test this hypothesized by analyzing the changes in gut microbiota composition induced by feeding mice with High sugar-solution or/and High fat and demonstrated their causal roles through high-throughput microbiome analyses. We further assessed changes in inflammatory cell recruitment using flow cytometry, and performed transcriptomic profiling analyses of intestine tissue to identify altered gut microbiota deliver changes in intestinal innate immune and adaptive T cell homeostasis. Importantly, to identify the role of the microbiota in directing host immune responses, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were conducted. Results The microbiome analyses results showed that Prevotella, Betaproteobacteria, and Cytophaga, which are a well-known the most representative species in IBD, was significantly enriched only in the HF-Sugar group, suggesting that addition of high-sugar to high-fat diet may reshape the GM by favoring colonization of pathobionts. Also, transcriptome and FACS profiling results showed, among others, high sugar synergistically changes intestinal transcriptomic signature related Inflammatory/Immune Response induced by several pro-inflammatory cytokines and induces expansion of inflammatory DCs and T cells driven by the high fat diet. By using FMT, we prove that host immune traits can be regulated by altering the GM. Conclusions Together, our large-scale profiling analyses may uncover an interaction between dietary alterations causing IBD and gut microbiota and provide helpful information regarding the microbiota plays a critical role in programming the immune phenotypes of the host. Funding Sources This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07048023).

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