scholarly journals Body Weight Variation Patterns as Predictors of Cognitive Decline over a 5 Year Follow-Up among Community-Dwelling Elderly (MAPT Study)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Kelly Giudici ◽  
Sophie Guyonnet ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Bruno Vellas ◽  
Philipe de Souto Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
First Year ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Variation Patterns

This study aimed to analyze associations between weight variation patterns and changes in cognitive function and hippocampal volume among non-demented, community-dwelling elderly. Sample was formed of 1394 adults >70 years (63.9% female), all volunteers from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT). Weight loss was defined as ≥5% of body weight decrease in the first year of follow-up; weight gain as ≥5% of weight increase; and stability if <5% weight variation. Cognition was examined by a Z-score combining four tests. Measures were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of follow-up. Hippocampal volume was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging in 349 subjects in the first year and at 36 months. Mixed models were performed. From the 1394 participants, 5.5% (n = 76) presented weight loss, and 9.0% (n = 125) presented weight gain. Cognitive Z-score decreased among all groups after 5 years, but decline was more pronounced among those who presented weight loss (adjusted between-group mean difference vs. stable: −0.24, 95%CI: −0.41 to −0.07; p = 0.006). After 3 years, hippocampal atrophy was observed among all groups, but no between-group differences were found. In conclusion, weight loss ≥5% in the first year predicted higher cognitive decline over a 5 year follow-up among community-dwelling elderly, independently of body mass index.

scholarly journals Changes in weight and body composition after initiating insulin therapy and their relationship with metabolic control during the first year of type 1 diabetes in adults. InLipoDiab1 Study

2021 ◽  
pp. e531
Author(s):  
Maja Miętkiewska ◽  
Aleksandra Uruska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Metabolic Management

Introduction. As in the general population, an increase in the incidence of overweight has been observed in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Nevertheless, weight gain in this group may contribute to the deterioration of the metabolic management. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the body weight and body composition after initiating insulin therapy and to assess their relationship with the metabolic management during the first year of T1DM in adults.Material and Methods. The prospective analysis included 139 adults patients with newly diagnosed T1DM, treated with Intensive functional insulin therapy (IFI) from the onset of the disease (age 26.3 ± 5.9 years). Patients were assessed at the time of the diagnosis and after 12 months. Metabolic parameters, including the HbA1c and lipid profile were investigated. The group was divided according to weight gain during the follow-up period.Results. Weight gain was observed in 68.3% of participants (n = 95). In most cases an increase in body fat was found (41% vs 59% p = 0.01). Changes in the body weight corresponded to significant changes in body composition. Conversely, HbA1c decreased during the follow-up in all groups. The highest reduction was observed in a group with “excessive weight gain”. Additionally, a significant increase in high density lipoproteins was observed in each group. However, weight gain was not accompanied by a deterioration of the lipid profile.Conclusions. Weight gain is a considerable problem among adults with newly diagnosed T1DM and is connected mainly with an increase of adipose tissue above the normal range. Changes in the body weight, associated with body composition changes, did not result in the dysfunctions of the metabolic management.

Influence of Physical Activity on Age-Related Weight Loss in the Elderly

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Stephen ◽  
Ian Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Age Related

Background:Little is known about the effects of physical activity on weight loss in older adults.Methods:Participants included 4512 community-dwelling older (≥65 yr) men and women from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Physical activity (PA) was determined from a questionnaire at baseline and subjects were divided into sex-specific PA quartiles. Weight was measured at baseline and annually over the 8 years of follow-up. The influence of PA on longitudinal changes in body weight was examined using mixed models while adjusting for lifestyle variables, sociodemographic characteristics, and disease status.Results:Body weight declined in a curvilinear manner over time with accelerated weight loss occurring in the final years. Over the 8 yr follow-up period, the least active PA quartile lost 2.72 kg. Weight loss was attenuated by 0.55 kg (20%, P = .057), 0.80 kg (29%, P = .05), and 0.69 kg (25%, P = .016) within the second through fourth PA quartiles. The effects of PA did not differ by gender, but increased with advancing age.Conclusion:Participation in modest amounts of PA attenuated age-related weight loss by approximately 25% with little additional benefit observed at higher PA levels. This finding adds to the growing number of health outcomes that are positively affected by PA.

Abstract 3634: Association of Weight Loss and Changes in Left Ventricular Geometry and Function - Results of the longitudinal population based MONICA/KORA-Survey

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Stritzke ◽  
Marcello R Markus ◽  
Wolfgang Lieb ◽  
Andreas Luchner ◽  
Angela Döring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Ventricular Geometry ◽  
And Function

Background: Obesity is related to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. However it remains unclear if changes in life style resulting in loss of body weight also have beneficial effects on left ventricular remodeling. In this study we evaluated the effects of weight loss on left ventricular geometry and function during ten years of follow-up. Methods: Subjects (n=1005, aged 25 to 74 years) who originated from a gender and age stratified random sample of German residents of the Augsburg area were examined by standardized echocardiography at baseline and again after ten years. The associations between weight loss and long-term changes of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), wall thickness (WT), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left atrial diameter (LA) were assessed. Mean relative changes and odds ratios were computed by statistical models adjusting for gender, age, body height, systolic blood pressure and body weight at baseline. Results: After ten years of follow-up 305 individuals presented with a loss of body weight (−3.5+/−3.4kg on average). Whereas 700 subjects presented with an increase of body weight (+5.4+/−4.7kg). Ageing related changes in LV geometry were significantly different in the two groups. Specifically, individuals with weight loss displayed a favorable geometry with relative changes of WT (+5.9% [CI-95% 4.3, 7.5] vs. + 8.1% [7.0, 9.2], p=0.024), LVEDD (−0.6% [−1.5, 0.2] vs. 30.8% [0.2, 1.4], p=0.008), LVM (+6.5% [4.3, 8.8] vs. +11.9% [10.4, 13.5], p<0.001) and LA (−0.9% [−2.1, 0.2] vs. +2.5% [1.7, 3.3], p<0.001), as compared to individuals with weight gain. Moreover, the risk for incident left ventricular hypertrophy (OR 2.5 [1.5– 4.3], p=0.001) and incident diastolic dysfunction (OR 1.9 [1.1–3.4], p=0.023) was significantly higher in individuals presenting with an increase in body weight. Conclusions: As compared to weight gain, weight loss is associated with a significant deceleration of left ventricular remodeling during ageing of the heart. Nevertheless, even in the weight loss group there was no regression in left ventricular mass detectable. Consequently, early interventions especially in young obese individuals are essential for prevention of premature onset of cardiac remodeling.

Abstract P251: Weight Change is Associated With Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality Among Singapore Chinese

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon-Puay Koh ◽  
Jian-min Yuan ◽  
An Pan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Large Weight ◽  
Large Weight Loss ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: While epidemiologic studies have established overweight and obesity as risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, findings on the relationship of change in body weight with CVD mortality are inconsistent. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that weight change was related to CVD mortality among middle-aged to elderly Chinese in Singapore. Methods: We used prospective data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort of 63,257 Chinese men and women aged 45-74 years at recruitment (1993-1998). After 5.7 [standard deviation (SD) 1.4] years, we conducted a follow-up interview (1999-2004) among 52,322 surviving subjects in the cohort. Body weight and height were self-reported among 42,328 participants at both baseline and follow-up interviews. Weight change was computed by percentage difference in weight at both assessments relative to weight at baseline, and categorized as moderate-to-large loss (≥10%), small loss (5.1 to 9.9%), stable (±5%), small gain (5.1-9.9%), and moderate-to-large gain (≥10%). Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate hazard ratio (HR) after controlling for age, gender, dialect group, dietary pattern, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hours of sleep and history of diabetes and hypertension. Results: A total of 1,805 CVD deaths were identified during the follow-up until December 31, 2013 [follow-up duration of 11.5 (SD 2.9) years]. Compared to participants with stable weight, those with moderate-to-large weight loss had a 42% higher risk of CVD mortality (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.25-1.61), while those with moderate-to-large weight gain had a 19% higher risk (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02-1.37). The HR (95% CI) for stroke mortality was 1.77 (1.44-2.18) for moderate-to-large weight loss, and 1.42 (1.12-1.80) for moderate-to-large weight gain. Conversely, for coronary heart diseases (CHD) mortality, only moderate-to-large weight loss was associated with an increased risk (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05-1.47). The associations were not different by gender or age-group. When stratified by BMI at baseline using 23 kg/m 2 as cutoff for overweight, moderate-to-large weight loss was associated with increased risks of CHD and stroke mortality in both BMI groups. In contrast, moderate-to-large weight gain was only associated with increased risk of stroke mortality but not with CHD mortality in both BMI groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study suggested that both moderate-to-large weight loss and weight gain significantly increased risk of CVD mortality among middle-aged to elderly Chinese. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining stable body weight in middle-aged and elderly populations.

scholarly journals Managing Obesity in Lockdown: Survey of Health Behaviors and Telemedicine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Noga C Minsky ◽  
Dafna Pachter ◽  
Galia Zacay ◽  
Naama Chishlevitz ◽  
Miriam Ben-Hamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Prevent Weight Gain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, billions of people have gone into lockdown, facing pandemic related challenges that engender weight gain, especially in the obese. We report the results of an online survey, conducted during Israel’s first quarantine, of 279 adults treated in hospital-based obesity clinics with counseling, medications, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or any combination of these for weight loss. In this study, we assessed the association between changes in dietary and lifestyle habits and body weight, and the benefits of receiving weight management care remotely through telemedicine during lockdown. Compared to patients not receiving obesity care via telemedicine, patients receiving this care were more likely to lose weight (OR, 2.79; p = 0.042) and also to increase participation in exercise (OR, 2.4; p = 0.022). While 40% of respondents reported consuming more sweet or salty processed snacks and 33% reported less vegetables and fruits, 65% reported more homemade foods. At the same time, 40% of respondents reported a reduction in exercise and 52% reported a decline in mood. Alterations in these eating patterns, as well as in exercise habits and mood, were significantly associated with weight changes. This study highlights that lockdown affects health behaviors associated with weight change, and advocates for the use of telemedicine to provide ongoing obesity care during future quarantines in order to promote weight loss and prevent weight gain.

scholarly journals Depression-related weight change and incident diabetes in a community sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Graham ◽  
Tristan Watson ◽  
Sonya S. Deschênes ◽  
Kristian B. Filion ◽  
Mélanie Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThis cohort study aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight gain, depression-related weight loss, depression with no weight change, and no depression. The study sample included 59,315 community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada. Depression-related weight change in the past 12 months was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Participants were followed for up to 20 years using administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards models compared the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight change and in adults with no depression. Adults with depression-related weight gain had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to adults no depression (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32–2.20), adults with depression-related weight loss (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.42), and adults with depression with no weight change (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). Adults with depression with no weight change also had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with no depression (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45). Associations were stronger among women and persisted after adjusting for attained overweight and obesity. Identifying symptoms of weight change in depression may aid in identifying adults at higher risk of type 2 diabetes and in developing tailored prevention strategies.

Insulin and central regulation of spontaneous fattening and weight loss

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R203-R208
Author(s):  
R. B. Melnyk ◽  
J. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets

Insulin binding to receptors in a partially purified hypothalamic membrane preparation is altered by prolonged starvation. To define further the relationship between hypothalamic insulin binding and energy balance, we studied the Richardson's ground squirrel, a hibernator that exhibits spontaneous 6- to 8-mo body weight cycles when kept in constant conditions. Isolated pancreatic islets from squirrels killed during the weight gain phase had greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion than those from weight loss phase animals, and adipocytes showed significantly greater glucose incorporation into total lipid in response to insulin. Differences in lipogenesis were not attributable to changes in insulin-binding capacity. Hypothalamic tissue from weight gain phase animals bound more insulin than that from weight loss phase animals. Maximal binding was correlated with pancreatic islet responsiveness and maximal insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. The strong positive correlation between peripheral metabolic events associated with spontaneous alterations in energy balance and the binding kinetics of hypothalamic insulin receptors suggests that insulin may play an important role in the central regulation of body weight.

Effectiveness of a Weight-Loss Intervention in Preventing Frailty and Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Obese Older People. A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Serra-Prat ◽  
M. Terradellas ◽  
I. Lorenzo ◽  
M. Arús ◽  
E. Burdoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Intervention

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for frailty and muscle weakness, so weight loss in obese older adults may prevent frailty and functional decline. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of a multimodal weight-loss intervention in improving functional performance and reducing frailty risk in obese older adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial with 2 parallel arms. Setting and participants: Community-dwelling obese adults aged 65-75 years with body mass index (BMI) 30-39 kg/m2. Intervention: 6-month multimodal intervention based on diet and a physical activity program. Control group: Usual care. Main and secondary outcome measures: Frailty (Fried criteria) rate and functional performance at 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, respectively. Intermediate outcome measures: Weight loss, body composition changes, and metabolic and inflammatory biomarker changes. Results: N=305. The study intervention increased gait speed at 12 and 24 months of follow-up, but had no significant effect on frailty prevention. It was effective in reducing weight, BMI, fat mass, interleukin 6, and insulin resistance and improving self-reported quality of life. Conclusions: The study intervention was not demonstrated to be effective in preventing frailty in obese people aged 65-75 years at 24 months of follow-up. However, it allowed weight loss and a reduction in inflammatory and insulin resistance markers, which could have a long-term effect on frailty that requires further research.

MO704THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF WEIGHT GAIN AFTER PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Hlaing Than ◽  
Jack K C Ng ◽  
Gordon C K Chan ◽  
Winston Fung ◽  
Cheuk Chun Szeto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Technique Failure

Abstract Background and Aims The prevalence of obesity has increased over the past decade in patients with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Obesity at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) was reported to adversely affect clinical outcomes. However, there are few studies on the prognostic relevance of weight gain after PD. Method We reviewed the change in body weight of 954 consecutive PD patients from the initiation of dialysis to 2 years after they remained on PD. Clinical outcomes including patient survival, technique survival, and peritonitis rate in the subsequent two years were reviewed. Results The mean age was 60.3 ± 12.2 years; 535 patients (56.1%) were men and 504 (52.8%) had diabetes. After the first 2 years on PD, the average change in body weight was 1.2± 5.1 kg; their body weight was 63.0 ± 13.3 kg; body mass index (BMI) 24.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2. The patient survival rates in the subsequent two years were 64.9%, 75.0%, and 78.9% (log rank test, p = 0.008) for patients with weight loss ≥3 kg during the first 2 years of PD weight change between -3 and +3 kg, and weight gain ≥3 kg, respectively. The corresponding technique survival rates in the subsequent two years were 93.1%, 90.1%, 91.3%, respectively (p = 0.110), and the peritonitis rates were 0.7±1.5, 0.6±1.7, and 0.6±1.1 episodes per patient-year, respectively (p = 0.3). When the actual BMI after the first 2 years of PD was categorized into underweight, normal weight, marginal overweight, overweight, and obesity groups, the patient survival rates in the subsequent two years were 77.3%, 75.2%, 73.3%, 74.3%, and 75.9%, respectively (p= 0.005), and technique survival 98.0%, 91.9%, 88.0%, 92.8%, and 81.0%, respectively (p= 0.001). After adjusting for confounding clinical factors by multivariate Cox regression models, weight gain ≥ 3kg during the first 2 years of PD was an independent protective factor for technique failure (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.049; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004-0.554, p = 0.015), but was an adverse predictor of patient survival (AHR 2.338, 95%CI 1.149-4.757, p = 0.019). In contrast, weight loss ≥ 3kg during the first 2 years of PD did not predict subsequent patient or technique survival. Conclusion Weight gain during the first 2 years of PD confers a significant risk of subsequent mortality but appears to be associated with a lower risk of technique failure. The mechanism of this discordant risk prediction deserves further study.

Attitudes about Antidepressants: Influence of Information about Weight-Related Side Effects

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Cash ◽  
Melissa A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
College Women ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Medications ◽  
Body Image Ideals ◽  
Clinical Populations

Antidepressant drugs are frequently prescribed for women and have various side effects, including potential effects on body weight. This experiment examined the effects of information about the weight-related side effects of antidepressants on women's attitudes toward the drugs. 60 college women were randomly assigned to read about one of two drugs, fluoxetine (Prozac) or Imipramine (Tofranil). Participants were either told or not told about veridical weight-related side effects, namely, weight loss for Prozac and weight gain for Tofranil. As hypothesized, weight-gain information lowered the personal acceptability of Tofranil, and weight-loss information enhanced the acceptability of Prozac. Although research with clinical populations is required, undergraduate women's decisions about the use of antidepressant medications may be influenced by societal body-image ideals.

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