Brain-Behavior-Immune Interaction: Serum Cytokines and Growth Factors in Patients with Eating Disorders at Extremes of the Body Mass Index (BMI) Spectrum

Alterations of the immune system are known in eating disorders (EDs), however the importance of cytokine balance in this context has not been clarified. We compared cytokines and growth factors at opposite ends of BMI ranges, in 90 patients classified in relation to BMI, depressive and EDs comorbidities. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were determined by a biochip analyzer (Randox Labs). Differences were calculated through ANOVA. Possible predictors of higher cytokine levels were evaluated through regression analysis. IL-1α, IL-10, EGF, and IFN-γ were altered individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and binge eating disorder (BED). Night-eating was associated with IL-8 and EGF levels, IL-10 concentrations with post-dinner eating and negatively with sweet-eating, long fasting with higher IFN-γ levels. IL-2 increase was not linked to EDs, but to the interaction of depression and BMI. Altogether, for the first time, IL-1α, IL-10, EGF, and IFN-γ were shown to differ between AN and HCs, and between AN and individuals with obesity with or without BED. Only IL-2 was influenced by depression. Dysfunctional eating behaviors predicted abnormal concentrations of IL-10, EGF, IL-8 and IFN-γ.

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Synovial Cytokines Significantly Correlate with Osteoarthritis-Related Knee Pain and Disability: Inflammatory Mediators of Potential Clinical Relevance

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8091343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1343 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Timo A. Nees ◽

Nils Rosshirt ◽

Jiji A. Zhang ◽

Tobias Reiner ◽

Reza Sorbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Broad Variety ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

And Function ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

The aim of this study was to identify inflammatory mediators of potential clinical relevance in synovial fluid (SF) samples of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, radiographic OA severity, knee pain and function of 34 OA patients undergoing unicompartmental (UC) and bicompartmental (BC) knee arthroplasty were assessed prior to surgery and SF samples were analyzed for a broad variety of inflammatory mediators, including interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), C-X-C motif ligand chemokines (CXCLs), and growth factors (nerve growth factor; NGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF, and stem cell growth factor β; SCGF-β) using multiplex assay. Significant differences were observed between the SF levels of different inflammatory markers. When compared to UC OA, significantly higher concentrations of IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, VEGF and CXCL1 were detected in BC OA. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between OA severity and IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, SCGF-β, VEGF, CXCL1. Interestingly, increases in both anti- (IL-10, IL-13) and pro-inflammatory (IL-7, IL-12, IFN-γ) cytokines, as well as growth factors (SCGF-β, VEGF), correlated significantly with the level of knee pain. Poorer knee function was associated with higher IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-18, βNGF, SCGF-β, VEGF and CXCL9 levels. In conclusion, this study provides an extensive profile of synovial inflammatory mediators in knee OA and identifies cytokines of potential clinical relevance. In fact, five of the mediators examined (IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, SCGF-β, VEGF) significantly correlate with both knee pain and function.

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Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Heterocyclic Anticancer Compounds with Multiple Biological Targets

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26237134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (23) ◽

pp. 7134

Author(s):

Richard Kwamla Amewu ◽

Patrick Opare Sakyi ◽

Dorcas Osei-Safo ◽

Ivan Addae-Mensah

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

The Body ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Anticancer Compounds ◽

Biological Targets ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Epidermal Growth ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Cancer is a complex group of diseases initiated by abnormal cell division with the potential of spreading to other parts of the body. The advancement in the discoveries of omics and bio- and cheminformatics has led to the identification of drugs inhibiting putative targets including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family receptors, fibroblast growth factors (FGF), platelet derived growth factors (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and neuropeptide Y4 (NY4), amongst others. Drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and drug ineffectiveness for various cancer chemo-treatments are widespread. Due to this, efficient therapeutic agents targeting two or more of the putative targets in different cancer cells are proposed as cutting edge treatments. Heterocyclic compounds, both synthetic and natural products, have, however, contributed immensely to chemotherapeutics for treatments of various diseases, but little is known about such compounds and their multimodal anticancer properties. A compendium of heterocyclic synthetic and natural product multitarget anticancer compounds, their IC50, and biological targets of inhibition are therefore presented in this review.

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Biological Determinants of and Reference Values for Plasma Interleukin-8, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Epidermal Growth Factor, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Results From the STANISLAS Cohort

Yearbook of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/s1077-9108(08)70497-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 369-370

Author(s):

M.G. Bissell

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein ◽

Biological Determinants ◽

Epidermal Growth ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

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Growth factors in the regulation of reparative response in the presence of peritoneal damage

Pleura and Peritoneum ◽

10.1515/pp-2020-0114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Irina A. Shurygina ◽

Мichael G. Shurygin ◽

Lubov V. Rodionova ◽

Nataliya I. Ayushinova

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Extended Period ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Lower Quadrant ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Right ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractObjectivesTo study the expression of growth factors in the regulation of tissue repair after peritoneal damage tissue response to peritoneal damage.MethodsExperimental study in 35 male Wistar rats determining the evolution over time of the tissue response to aseptic peritoneal damage. A standardized bowel and peritoneal lesions were created in the right lower quadrant by laparotomy. Then, tissular expression of growth factors was evaluated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction at seven timepoints between 6 h and 30 days, postoperatively.ResultsTissular responses of granulocyte-stimulating factors (Csf2, Csf3), connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), epidermal growth factors and receptor (Egf, Egfr), fibroblast growth factors (Fgf2, 7 and 10), heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (Hbegf), hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf), insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1), mitogenic transforming growth factors (Tgfa, Tgfb1, Tgfbr3), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) were biphasic with a first expression peak at day 3, followed by a more pronounced peak at day 14.ConclusionsWe observed a long-lasting, widespread response of tissular growth factors for at least two weeks after peritoneal damage. To be clinically effective, the prophylaxis of postoperative adhesions might be needed for an extended period of time.

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Topical bromfenac reduces multiple inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of pseudophakic patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85495-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Takehiro Matsumura ◽

Kentaro Iwasaki ◽

Shogo Arimura ◽

Ryuji Takeda ◽

Yoshihiro Takamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Aqueous Humour ◽

Ophthalmic Solution ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽

Before And After ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Single Blind

AbstractIntraocular surgery is associated with increased ocular inflammation. If maintained for a prolonged period after surgery, this inflammation can cause various complications, including subconjunctival fibrosis and bleb scarring. This clinical trial was a prospective, randomised, single-blind, interventional study comparing the efficacy and safety of 0.1% bromfenac sodium ophthalmic solution and 0.02% fluorometholone ophthalmic suspension in the inhibition of multiple inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of 26 patients with pseudophakic eyes who had undergone phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the trial drugs, and aqueous humour samples were collected before and after drug administration. Platelet-derived growth factor-AA levels significantly decreased in both drug groups, but they were significantly higher in the fluorometholone group than in the bromfenac group (P = 0.034). Bromfenac also significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor level (P = 0.0077), as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 level (P = 0.013), which was elevated for a prolonged period after phacoemulsification. These data suggest that bromfenac is useful to alleviate prolonged microenvironmental alterations in the aqueous humour of pseudophakic eyes.

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Inflammatory risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with severe influenza

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520918058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 030006052091805

Author(s):

Tianshu Zhai ◽

Xiaojing Wu ◽

Nannan Zhang ◽

Xu Huang ◽

Qingyuan Zhan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Severe Influenza ◽

Ifn Γ

Objective Inflammation and viral infections can induce significant changes in lipid metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) often occurs secondary to obesity, which is an independent risk factor for influenza virus infection. However, the inflammatory risk factors contributing to HTG in patients with severe influenza have yet to be elucidated. Materials and methods Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from 33 patients with severe influenza (n = 26 control patients with normal serum triglyceride levels and n = 7 HTG patients with serum triglycerides >2.3 mM). Levels of 45 putative inflammatory risk factors were quantitated using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, hepatocyte growth factor, stem cell factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor A were significantly higher in HTG patients compared with control patients. BALF samples from HTG patients contained significantly higher levels of IL-1RA and lower levels of IFN-γ-inducible protein-10. Conclusion HTG in patients with severe influenza is associated with alterations in several inflammatory risk factors. Our results provide new insights that may enable more effective clinical management of severe influenza combined with HCT.

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