scholarly journals Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Intervention on Body Composition, Metabolic Health, and Physical Performance in Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu ◽  
Liao ◽  
Tsai ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity

People with sarcopenic obesity (SO) are characterized by both low muscle mass (sarcopenia) and high body fat (obesity); they have greater risks of metabolic diseases and physical disability than people with sarcopenia or obesity alone. Exercise and nutrition have been reported to be effective for both obesity and sarcopenia management. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise and nutrition on body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in individuals with SO. Studies investigating the effects of exercise and nutrition on body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in SO individuals were searched from electronic databases up to April 2019. Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Aerobic exercise decreased body weight and fat mass (FM). Resistance exercise (RE) decreased FM and improved grip strength. The combination of aerobic exercise and RE decreased FM and improved walking speed. Nutritional intervention, especially low-calorie high-protein (LCHP) diet, decreased FM but did not affect muscle mass and grip strength. In addition to exercise training, nutrition did not provide extra benefits in outcome. Exercise, especially RE, is essential to improve body composition and physical performance in individuals with SO. Nutritional intervention with LCHP decreases FM but does not improve physical performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Performances in Elderly with Diagnosed Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Kyung Min Kim ◽  
Hyun Joo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

PURPOSE: Sarcopenia, also known as the age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle fitness, and physical performance, has been related to many adverse health outcomes. Resistance exercise may have an important role in effecting strategy for sarcopenia in aging populations. The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the effects resistance exercise interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia.METHODS: A comprehensive search on electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHLPlus, SPORTDiscus, KERIS, KISS, and NAL were conducted. Eligible studies were divided into exercise and randomized controlled trials in elderly with sarcopenia. Searches retrieved 1,067 titles. Eighty full texts were evaluated, and seven studies were used for final systematic reviews. CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) ver 3.0 was used for meta-analysis.RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed that lower muscle mass (ES=0.579, 95% CI: 0.266-0.892, <i>p</i>=.000), appendicular muscle mass (ES=0.341, 95% CI: 0.006-0.676, <i>p</i>=.046), right hand grip strength (ES=0.739, 95% CI: 0.216-1.262, <i>p</i>=.006), left hand grip strength (ES=0.692, 95% CI: 0.167-1.217, <i>p</i>=.010), knee extension strength (ES=1.448, 95% CI: 0.273-2.624, <i>p</i>=.016), and timed up and go (ES=1.471, 95% CI: 0.492-2.450, <i>p</i>=.003) significantly improved in response to resistance exercise programs.CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia is increasing with the growing elderly population; thus prevention and effective interventions are very important. The data suggest that resistance exercise may be actual in enhancing not only appendicular muscle mass, but also knee extension strength and timed up and go in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. Further follow-up studies on larger populations and a variety of approaches are required to reconfirm these results.

Effects of Exercise on Muscle Fitness in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lu ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Qian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Muscle Fitness

Background: Lack of exercise is a prevalent problem in patients receiving dialysis. Although guidelines recommend these patients to undertake suitable exercise, no exercise type or intensity has been suggested, and the effect of exercise on muscle fitness in dialysis patients is not clear. This study investigated the effect of exercise on muscle fitness, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, in patients on dialysis. Methods: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted. Five English and 4 Chinese databases were searched from their inception to July 2018. Two independent reviewers searched the different databases, selected trials, conducted bias assessment, and extracted the data. Results: A total of 21 RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Pooled results demonstrated that resistance training significantly improved leg mass (standard mean difference [SMD] 0.34, 95% CI [0.06–0.62], p= 0.02) whereas aerobic training did not (SMD 0.87, 95% CI [–0.11 to 1.86], p = 0.08). Resistance training increased both grip strength (weighted mean difference [WMD] 4.71 kg, 95% CI [2.42–6.99], p < 0.00001) and knee extension strength (WMD 3.93 kg, 95% CI [0.59–7.28], p = 0.02) significantly. Aerobic training improved grip strength (WMD 7.70 kg, 95% CI [3.35–12.05], p= 0.005) and the time of finishing short version of the sit-to-stand test (STS; WMD –4.69 s, 95% CI [–9.01 to –0.38], p = 0.03) but with insufficient evidence. In the dimension of physical performance, both aerobic training and resistance training have some beneficial effect on improving the score of 6-min walking test (WMD 85.76 m, 95% CI [63.43–108.09], p < 0.00001; WMD 41.92 m, 95% CI [8.06–75.75], p = 0.02, respectively) and median version of STS test (WMD 4.30 repetitions, 95% CI [1.22–7.39], p = 0.006; WMD 2.60 repetitions, 95% CI [0.64–4.56], p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: Regular resistance training with a moderate to high intensity may lead to improvement in muscle mass and muscle strength of patients undergoing dialysis, especially for the trained muscles. Both aerobic training and resistance training may help dialysis patients improve physical performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Performances in Elderly with Diagnosed Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Min Kim ◽  
Hyun Joo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

PURPOSE: Sarcopenia, also known as the age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle fitness, and physical performance, has been related to many adverse health outcomes. Resistance exercise may have an important role in effecting strategy for sarcopenia in aging populations. The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the effects resistance exercise interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia.METHODS: A comprehensive search on electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHLPlus, SPORTDiscus, KERIS, KISS, and NAL were conducted. Eligible studies were divided into exercise and randomized controlled trials in elderly with sarcopenia. Searches retrieved 1,067 titles. Eighty full texts were evaluated, and seven studies were used for final systematic reviews. CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) ver 3.0 was used for meta-analysis.RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed that lower muscle mass (ES=0.579, 95% CI: 0.266-0.892, <i>p</i>=.000), appendicular muscle mass (ES=0.341, 95% CI: 0.006-0.676, <i>p</i>=.046), right hand grip strength (ES=0.739, 95% CI: 0.216-1.262, <i>p</i>=.006), left hand grip strength (ES=0.692, 95% CI: 0.167-1.217, <i>p</i>=.010), knee extension strength (ES=1.448, 95% CI: 0.273-2.624, <i>p</i>=.016), and timed up and go (ES=1.471, 95% CI: 0.492-2.450, <i>p</i>=.003) significantly improved in response to resistance exercise programs.CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia is increasing with the growing elderly population; thus prevention and effective interventions are very important. The data suggest that resistance exercise may be actual in enhancing not only appendicular muscle mass, but also knee extension strength and timed up and go in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. Further follow-up studies on larger populations and a variety of approaches are required to reconfirm these results.

scholarly journals Secondary Malnutrition and Nutritional Intervention in Cholestatic Liver Diseases in Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Larrosa-Haro ◽  
Erika A. Caro-Sabido
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies

We aimed to conduct an updated review on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and nutritional intervention of CCLD and secondary malnutrition in infants. Protein-energy malnutrition, impaired linear growth, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, and hepatic osteodystrophy can occur in up to 80% of cases. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms include insufficient energy intake, lipid- and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption, increased energy expenditure, altered intermediate metabolism, hormonal dysregulation, and systemic inflammation. The current approach to diagnosis is the identification of the deviation of growth parameters, body composition, and serum concentration of micronutrients, which determines the type and magnitude of malnutrition. Currently, liver transplantation is the best therapeutic alternative for the reversal of nutritional impairment. Early and effective portoenteroanatomosis can extend survival in patients with biliary atresia. Medical and dietary interventions in some storage and metabolic diseases can improve liver damage and thus the nutritional status. A proportion of patients with biliary atresia have fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies despite receiving these vitamins in a water-soluble form. With aggressive enteral nutrition, it may be possible to increase fat stores and preserve muscle mass and growth. The nutritional issues identified in the pre- and post-transplantation stages include muscle mass loss, bone demineralization, growth retardation, and obesity, which seems to correspond to the natural history of CCLD. Due to the implications for the growth and development of infants with CCLD with this complex malnutrition syndrome, innovative projects are required, such as the generation of prediction and risk models, biomarkers of growth and body composition, and effective strategies for nutritional prevention and intervention.

Vitamin D in Basketball Players: Current Evidence and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110193
Author(s):  
Emilija Stojanović ◽  
Dragan Radovanović ◽  
Tamara Hew-Butler ◽  
Dušan Hamar ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljević
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Context: Despite growing interest in quantifying and correcting vitamin D inadequacy in basketball players, a critical synthesis of these data is yet to be performed to overcome the low generalizability of findings from individual studies. Objective: To provide a comprehensive analysis of data in basketball pertaining to (1) the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy; (2) the effects of vitamin D supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration (and its association with body composition), bone health, and performance; and (3) crucial aspects that warrant further investigation. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, SCIndex, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Study Selection: After screening, 15 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy, serum 25(OH)D, body composition, stress fractures, and physical performance were extracted. Results: The pooled prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy for 527 basketball players in 14 studies was 77% ( P < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.70-0.84). Supplementation with 4000 IU/d and 4000 IU/wk (absolute mean difference [AMD]: 25.39 nmol/L; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 13.44-37.33), as well as 10,000 IU/d (AMD: 100.01; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 70.39-129.63) vitamin D restored 25(OH)D to normal concentrations. Body composition data revealed inverse correlations between changes in serum 25(OH)D (from pre- to postsupplementation) and body fat ( r = −0.80; very large). Data concerning positive impacts of vitamin D supplementation on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Conclusion: The high proportion of vitamin D inadequacy underscores the need to screen for serum 25(OH)D in basketball players. Although supplementation restored vitamin D sufficiency, the beneficial effects on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Adiposity can modulate 25(OH)D response to supplementation.

scholarly journals Do Patients with Prostate Cancer Benefit from Exercise Interventions? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Martin Færch Andersen ◽  
Julie Midtgaard ◽  
Eik Dybboe Bjerre
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
General Physical

Men diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer experience severe adverse effects on quality of life (QoL) and metabolic health, some of which may be preventable or reversible with exercise, the benefits of which healthcare providers and patients increasingly acknowledge, though existing evidence on its effects varies in significance and magnitude. We aimed to review the effect of exercise on QoL and metabolic health in a broad prostate cancer population. A systematic search was conducted in nine databases and eligible trials were included in the meta-analytic procedure. All outcomes were stratified into aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and a combination of both. The review identified 33 randomised controlled trials (2567 participants) eligible for inclusion. Exercise had a borderline small positive effect on cancer-specific QoL (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.01–0.22), and a moderate to large effect on cardiovascular fitness (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI 0.34–0.59) with aerobic exercise being the superior modality (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI 0.29–0.90). A positive significant effect was seen in lower body strength, whole-body fat mass, general mental health, and blood pressure. No significant effect was seen in fatigue, lean body mass, and general physical health. We thereby conclude that exercise is effective in improving metabolic health in men diagnosed with prostate cancer, with aerobic exercise as the superior modality. The effect of exercise on QoL was small and not mediated by choice of exercise modality.

scholarly journals Lower Percentage of Fat Mass among Tai Chi Chuan Practitioners

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Silvia Stagi ◽  
Azzurra Doneddu ◽  
Gabriele Mulliri ◽  
Giovanna Ghiani ◽  
Valeria Succa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Total Body

The aim of the study was to analyze total and regional body composition in Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) middle-aged and elderly practitioners. A cross-sectional study on 139 Italian subjects was realized: 34 TCC practitioners (14 men, 20 women; 62.8 ± 7.4 years) and 105 sedentary volunteers (49 men, 56 women; 62.8 ± 6.4 years). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, arm, waist, and calf circumferences), hand-grip strength, and physical capacity values were collected. Total and regional (arm, leg, and trunk) body composition was analyzed by means of specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (specific BIVA). TCC practitioners of both sexes were characterized by a normal nutritional status, normal levels of physical capacity, and normal values of hand-grip strength. Compared to controls, they showed lower percentages of fat mass (lower specific resistance) in the total body, the arm, and the trunk, and higher muscle mass (higher phase angle) in the trunk, but lower muscle mass in the arm. Sexual dimorphism was characterized by higher muscle mass (total body, arm, and trunk) and lower %FM (arm) in men; sex differences were less accentuated among TCC practitioners than in the control. TCC middle-aged and elderly practitioners appear to be less affected by the process of physiological aging and the associated fat mass changes, compared to sedentary people.

scholarly journals Muscle mass and plasma myostatin after exercise training: a substudy of Renal Exercise (RENEXC)—a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunan Zhou ◽  
Matthias Hellberg ◽  
Thomas Hellmark ◽  
Peter Höglund ◽  
Naomi Clyne
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Strength Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Sarcopenia increases as renal function declines and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth. Its expression in response to exercise is unclear. In this prespecified substudy of the Renal Exercise (RENEXC) trial, we investigated the effects of 12 months of exercise training on sarcopenia, muscle mass and plasma myostatin and the relationships between physical performance, muscle mass and plasma myostatin. Methods A total of 151 non-dialysis-dependent patients (average measured glomerular filtration rate 23 ± 8 mL/min/1.73 m2), irrespective of age or comorbidity, were randomly assigned to either strength or balance in combination with endurance training. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma myostatin was analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results After 12 months, the prevalence of sarcopenia was unchanged, leg and whole-body lean mass increased significantly in the balance group and was unchanged in the strength group. Whole fat mass decreased significantly in both groups. There were no significant between-group differences in sarcopenia or body composition. Plasma myostatin levels increased significantly in both groups, with a significant difference in favour of the strength group. Plasma myostatin was significantly positively related to muscle mass and physical performance at baseline, but these relationships were attenuated after 12 months. Conclusions Exercise training seems to be effective in preventing sarcopenia and maintaining muscle mass in non-dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of plasma myostatin on muscle mass and physical performance in patients with CKD warrants further study.

Case Study: The Effect of Nutritional Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Performance of a Female Squash Player

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rosimus
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Vitamin D Status

The body composition of a squash player may affect athletic performance as carrying excessive body fat may increase injury risk and impair agility and speed. This case study outlines the effect of a nutritional intervention on body composition, vitamin D status, and physical performance of a female squash player. A structured, 6-week, moderate energy–restricted diet (70–78% of estimated energy requirement of 2,300 kcal) was implemented with weekly support. A daily supplement of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and a multivitamin and whey protein was used. Full blood count, vitamin D status, body composition, and physical performance assessments were carried out at baseline and Week 6 of intervention. Body composition changes were measured using the BOD POD™ and skinfold calipers. Body fat was 23% at baseline and 22% at Week 6. Mean sum of eight skinfolds was 127.4 ± 2.2 mm at baseline and 107.3 ± 0.4 mm at Week 6. Lean body mass-to-fat mass ratio improved from 3.4 at baseline to 3.7 at Week 6. The greatest increments compared with baseline in serum markers were 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (68%), ferritin (31%), eosinophils (20%), and triglycerides (16%). All physical performance measures improved, with reactive strength index (4.8%), and on-court repeated speed (6.0%) showing the greatest improvements from baseline. This intervention demonstrates that structured energy restriction alongside appropriately structured strength and conditioning training is an effective way to gradually reduce the body fat and improve the body composition of a female athlete.

scholarly journals Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2820
Author(s):  
Julie Mareschal ◽  
Laurence Genton ◽  
Tinh-Hai Collet ◽  
Christophe Graf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Aging is a global public health concern. From the age of 50, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline. Sarcopenia and frailty are frequent in community-dwelling older adults and are associated with negative outcomes such as physical disability and mortality. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent and fight sarcopenia and frailty is of great interest. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nutritional interventions alone or combined with other treatment(s) in older community-dwelling adults on (1) the three indicators of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance; and (2) the hospitalization and readmission rates. The literature search was performed on Medline and included studies published between January 2010 and June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of nutritional intervention alone or combined with other treatment(s) in community-living subjects aged 65 or older. In total, 28 articles were retained in the final analysis. This systematic review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach, including at least a combined nutritional and exercise intervention, to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, in community-dwelling older adults but especially in frail and sarcopenic subjects. Regarding hospitalization and readmission rate, data were limited and inconclusive. Future studies should continue to investigate the effects of such interventions in this population.

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