scholarly journals Ubiquinol Supplementation Alters Exercise Induced Fatigue by Increasing Lipid Utilization in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Chieh Chen ◽  
Chi-Chang Huang ◽  
Tien-Jen Lin ◽  
Mei-Chich Hsu ◽  
Yi-Ju Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Forelimb Grip Strength

Ubiquinol (QH), a reduced form of coenzyme Q10, is a lipid antioxidant that is hydro-soluble and is commonly formulated in commercial supplements. Ubiquinol has been increasingly reported to exert antioxidant functions, in addition to its role in the cell energy-producing system of mitochondria and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. The aim of this study was to assess the potential beneficial effects of QH on anti-fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenge. Forty 8-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 for each group): Group 1 (vehicle control or oil only); Group 2 (1X QH dose or 102.5 mg/kg); Group 3 (2X QH dose or 205 mg/kg); Group 4 (6X QH dose or 615 mg/kg). Anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were studied using the forelimb grip strength experiment and exhaustive weight-loaded swimming time, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatine kinase (CK), and free fatty acids (FFA) after an acute exercise challenge. The forelimb grip strength and exhaustive weight-loaded swimming time of the QH-6X group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. QH supplementation dose-dependently reduced serum lactate, ammonia, and CK levels and increased the FFA concentration after acute exercise. In addition, QH increased the liver and muscle glycogen content, an important energy source during exercise. Therefore, the results suggest that QH formulation is a safe dietary supplement for amelioration of fatigue and for promoting exercise performance.

scholarly journals In Vivo Ergogenic Properties of the Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 Isolated from a Weightlifting Gold Medalist

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mon-Chien Lee ◽  
Yi-Ju Hsu ◽  
Hsiao-Li Chuang ◽  
Pei-Shan Hsieh ◽  
Hsieh-Hsun Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Gold Medalist

In recent years, probiotics of human origin have shown superior results and performance compared to probiotics from plant or dairy sources, in both in vitro and animal studies. Towards this end, the current study was conducted to explore the ergogenic properties of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum OLP-01 isolated from the intestinal microbiome of the gold medalist from the 2008 Beijing Olympics women’s 48 kg weightlifting competition. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and orally administered OLP-01 for 4 weeks at 0 (vehicle), 2.05 × 109 (OLP-01-1X), 4.10 × 109 (OLP-01-2X), and 1.03 × 1010 (OLP-01-5X) CFU/kg/day. Physical performance tests including grip strength and endurance time were measured, with OLP-01 supplementation dose-dependently elevating grip strength and endurance. The anti-fatigue activity levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured after an acute exercise challenge, and OLP-01 was found to significantly decrease lactate, ammonia, and CK levels. OLP-01 treatment was also found to significantly increase the resting levels of both hepatic and muscular glycogen, an indicator of energy storage. Supplementation by OLP-01 showed no subchronic toxic effects while supporting many health-promoting, performance-improving, and fatigue-ameliorating functions.

scholarly journals Supplementation with Beef Extract Improves Exercise Performance and Reduces Post-Exercise Fatigue Independent of Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Hsien Hsu ◽  
Chien-Chao Chiu ◽  
Yu-Chih Wang ◽  
Ter-Hsin Chen ◽  
Yi-Hsun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Beef Extract

Beef extract (BE) is a nutritional supplement obtained by cooking beef meat. Compared with traditional chicken essence or clam extract, BE is cheaper to produce and may be used for wound healing, as a chemotherapy supplement, or to prevent fatigue. In this study, we evaluated the potential beneficial effects of BE on exercise performance and the related role of the gut microbiota. Pathogen-free male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups to receive vehicle or BE (0, 12.3, or 24.6 mL/kg) by oral gavage for 28 days. Exercise performance was evaluated using forelimb grip strength, swimming time to exhaustion, and physiological levels of fatigue-related biomarkers (serum lactate, blood urea nitrogen, and glucose levels) after physical challenges. BE supplementation elevated endurance and grip strength in a dose-dependent manner; significantly decreased lactate and blood urea nitrogen levels after physical challenge; and significantly increased muscle glycogen content. The germ-free mice supplemented with BE or an equal-calorie portion of albumin did not show significant differences from the other groups in exercise performance and levels of related biomarkers. Therefore, BE supplementation improved endurance and reduced fatigue, which might be related to BE composition, but had no correlation with the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol from Antrodia camphorata on the Biochemical Profile and Exercise Performance of Mice

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ming Chen ◽  
Hsin-Ching Sung ◽  
Yueh-Hsiung Kuo ◽  
Yi-Ju Hsu ◽  
Chi-Chang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Antrodia Camphorata ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a rare and unique mushroom that is difficult to cultivate. Previous studies have demonstrated the bioactivity of the compound Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100) from AC in submerged culture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of EK100 on fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenge. Male ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group) and orally administered EK100 for six weeks at 0 (Vehicle), 10 (EK100-1X), and 20 (EK100-2X) mg/kg/day. The six-week Ek100 supplementation significantly increased grip strength (P = 0.0051) in trend analysis. Anti-fatigue activity was evaluated using 15-min. acute exercise testing and measuring the levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) after a 15-min. swimming exercise. Our results indicate that AC supplementation leads to a dose-dependent decrease in serum lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK activity after exercise and significantly increases serum glucose and glycogen content in liver tissues. Biochemical and histopathological data demonstrated that long term daily administration of EK100 for over six weeks (subacute toxicity) was safe. EK100’s anti-fatigue properties appear to be through the preservation of energy storage, increasing blood glucose and liver glycogen content, and decreasing the serum levels of lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK. EK100 could potentially be used to improve exercise physiological adaptation, promote health, and as a potential ergogenic aid in combination with different nutrient strategies.

scholarly journals Myocardial NADPH oxidase-4 regulates the physiological response to acute exercise

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hancock ◽  
Anne D Hafstad ◽  
Adam A Nabeebaccus ◽  
Norman Catibog ◽  
Angela Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 4 ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Nrf2 Activator

Regular exercise has widespread health benefits. Fundamental to these beneficial effects is the ability of the heart to intermittently and substantially increase its performance without incurring damage, but the underlying homeostatic mechanisms are unclear. We identify the ROS-generating NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) as an essential regulator of exercise performance in mice. Myocardial Nox4 levels increase during acute exercise and trigger activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, with the induction of multiple endogenous antioxidants. Cardiomyocyte-specific Nox4-deficient (csNox4KO) mice display a loss of exercise-induced Nrf2 activation, cardiac oxidative stress and reduced exercise performance. Cardiomyocyte-specific Nrf2-deficient (csNrf2KO) mice exhibit similar compromised exercise capacity, with mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunction. Supplementation with an Nrf2 activator or a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant effectively restores cardiac performance and exercise capacity in csNox4KO and csNrf2KO mice respectively. The Nox4/Nrf2 axis therefore drives a hormetic response that is required for optimal cardiac mitochondrial and contractile function during physiological exercise.

scholarly journals Plasma irisin levels progressively increase in response to increasing exercise workloads in young, healthy, active subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella S Daskalopoulou ◽  
Alexandra B Cooke ◽  
Yessica-Haydee Gomez ◽  
Andrew F Mutter ◽  
Andreas Filippaios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects

BackgroundIrisin, a recently discovered myokine, has been shown to induce browning of white adipose tissue, enhancing energy expenditure and mediating some of the beneficial effects of exercise. We aimed to estimate the time frame of changes in irisin levels after acute exercise and the effect of different exercise workloads and intensities on circulating irisin levels immediately post-exercise.MethodsIn a pilot study, four healthy subjects (22.5±1.7 years) underwent maximal workload exercise (maximal oxygen consumption, VO2 max) and blood was drawn at prespecified intervals to define the time frame of pre- and post-exercise irisin changes over a 24-h period. In the main study, 35 healthy, non-smoking (23.0±3.3 years) men and women (n=20/15) underwent three exercise protocols ≥48-h apart, in random order: i) maximal workload (VO2 max); ii) relative workload (70% of VO2 max/10 min); and iii) absolute workload (75 W/10 min). Blood was drawn immediately pre-exercise and 3 min post-exercise.ResultsIn the pilot study, irisin levels increased by 35% 3 min post-exercise, then dropped and remained relatively constant. In the main study, irisin levels post-exercise were significantly higher than those of pre-exercise after all workloads (all,P<0.001). Post-to-pre-exercise differences in irisin levels were significantly different between workloads (P=0.001), with the greatest increase by 34% following maximal workload (P=0.004 vs relative and absolute).ConclusionsCirculating irisin levels were acutely elevated in response to exercise, with a greater increase after maximal workload. These findings suggest that irisin release could be a function of muscle energy demand. Future studies need to determine the underlying mechanisms of irisin release and explore irisin's therapeutic potential.

Uncoupling protein 2 facilitates insulin-elicited protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Author(s):  
Yiting Chen ◽  
Guangdao Chen ◽  
Junliang Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Juxing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Troponin T ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
H9c2 Cell ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 2 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lps Challenge

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a critical cause of high mortality among patients with sepsis. Previously, insulin has been suggested to protect against lethal endotoxemia, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been reported to exert beneficial effects against sepsis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether UCP2 is involved in insulin-elicited protection against myocardial dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Treatment of male SD rats with insulin for 30 min before LPS challenge improved the survival and cardiac function in endotoxemic rats, which was likely due to an insulin-dependent reduction of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and cardiac troponin T (cTn-T) levels, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Insulin treatment also increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, prevented the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and reduced cleaved caspase-9 levels, which was determined by purifying the proteins using the His-tag Magnetic Bead Purification Kit (Fe3O4). Moreover, UCP2 was found to be upregulated in endotoxemic rats which were pretreated with insulin. To determine whether the apoptotic role of insulin is associated with UCP2 upregulation, we examined the effects of genipin, a UCP2 inhibitor, on insulin activity in LPS-treated H9c2 cells. Insulin strongly attenuated LPS-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and stimulated UCP2 expression. However, genipin treatment eliminated the antiapoptotic effects of insulin. Thus, our results demonstrate that insulin-induced UCP2 upregulation plays a role in the protective effect of insulin against LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Modified forelimb grip strength test detects aging-associated physiological decline in skeletal muscle function in male mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikari Takeshita ◽  
Koichi Yamamoto ◽  
Satoko Nozato ◽  
Tadakatsu Inagaki ◽  
Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Forelimb Grip Strength

scholarly journals AMP-activated protein kinase pathway: a potential therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron K. F. Wong ◽  
Jacqueline Howie ◽  
John R. Petrie ◽  
Chim C. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Eukaryotic Elongation Factor ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a heterotrimetric enzyme that is expressed in many tissues, including the heart and vasculature, and plays a central role in the regulation of energy homoeostasis. It is activated in response to stresses that lead to an increase in the cellular AMP/ATP ratio caused either by inhibition of ATP production (i.e. anoxia or ischaemia) or by accelerating ATP consumption (i.e. muscle contraction or fasting). In the heart, AMPK activity increases during ischaemia and functions to sustain ATP, cardiac function and myocardial viability. There is increasing evidence that AMPK is implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A principle mode of AMPK activation is phosphorylation by upstream kinases [e.g. LKB1 and CaMK (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase], which leads to direct effects on tissues and phosphorylation of various downstream kinases [e.g. eEF2 (eukaryotic elongation factor 2) kinase and p70 S6 kinase]. These upstream and downstream kinases of AMPK have fundamental roles in glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, protein synthesis and tumour suppression; consequently, they have been implicated in cardiac ischaemia, arrhythmias and hypertrophy. Recent mechanistic studies have shown that AMPK has an important role in the mechanism of action of MF (metformin), TDZs (thiazolinediones) and statins. Increased understanding of the beneficial effects of AMPK activation provides the rationale for targeting AMPK in the development of new therapeutic strategies for cardiometabolic disease.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of combined olive oil ingestion and acute exercise on postprandial TAG concentrations in healthy young women

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihoko Sasahara ◽  
Stephen F. Burns ◽  
Masashi Miyashita ◽  
David J. Stensel
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Fat Composition

Foods high in monounsaturated fat, such as olive oil, and endurance exercise are both known to independently reduce postprandial TAG concentrations. We examined the combined effects of exercise and dietary fat composition on postprandial TAG concentrations in nine healthy pre-menopausal females (age 26·8 (sd 3·3) years, BMI 22·3 (sd 2·0) kg/m2). Each participant completed four, 2 d trials in a randomised order: (1) butter–no exercise, (2) olive oil–no exercise, (3) butter–exercise, (4) olive oil–exercise. On day 1 of the exercise trials, participants walked or ran on a treadmill for 60 min. On the no-exercise trials, participants rested on day 1. On day 2 of each trial, participants rested and consumed an olive oil meal (saturated fat 15 % and unsaturated fat 85 %) or a butter meal (saturated fat 71 % and unsaturated fat 29 %) for breakfast. Venous blood samples were obtained in the fasted state and for 6 h postprandially on day 2. A significant main effect on physical activity (exercise or control) was obtained for plasma TAG concentration (three-way ANOVA, P = 0·043), and the total area under the concentration v. time curve for TAG was 26 % lower on the olive oil–exercise trial (4·40 (sd 0·40) mmol × 6 h/l) than the butter–no exercise trial (5·91 (sd 1·01) mmol × 6 h/l) (one-way ANOVA, P = 0·029). These findings suggest that the combination of exercise and a preference for monounsaturated dietary fat intake in the form of olive oil may be most beneficial for reducing postprandial TAG concentrations.

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