scholarly journals α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Diet Influences Microbiota Composition and Villus Morphology of the Mouse Small Intestine

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristo Todorov ◽  
Bettina Kollar ◽  
Franziska Bayer ◽  
Inês Brandão ◽  
Amrit Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast, the influence of an ALA-rich diet on intestinal microbiota composition and its impact on small intestine morphology are not fully understood. In the current study, we kept adult C57BL/6J mice for 4 weeks on an ALA-rich or control diet. Characterization of the microbial composition of the small intestine revealed that the ALA diet was associated with an enrichment in Prevotella and Parabacteroides. In contrast, taxa belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, including Lactobacillus, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcus, had significantly lower abundance compared to control diet. Metagenome prediction indicated an enrichment in functional pathways such as bacterial secretion system in the ALA group, whereas the two-component system and ALA metabolism pathways were downregulated. We also observed increased levels of ALA and its metabolites eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid, but reduced levels of arachidonic acid in the intestinal tissue of ALA-fed mice. Furthermore, intestinal morphology in the ALA group was characterized by elongated villus structures with increased counts of epithelial cells and reduced epithelial proliferation rate. Interestingly, the ALA diet reduced relative goblet and Paneth cell counts. Of note, high-fat Western-type diet feeding resulted in a comparable adaptation of the small intestine. Collectively, our study demonstrates the impact of ALA on the gut microbiome and reveals the nutritional regulation of gut morphology.

scholarly journals Dietary administration of resistant starch improved caecal barrier function by enhancing intestinal morphology and modulating microbiota composition in meat duck

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeng Qin ◽  
Keying Zhang ◽  
Todd J. Applegate ◽  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
Shiping Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Meat Duck

AbstractResistant starch (RS) was recently approved to exert a powerful influence on gut health, but the effect of RS on the caecal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined. Thus, the effect of raw potato starch (RPS), a widely adopted RS material, on microbial composition and barrier function of caecum for meat ducks was determined. A total of 360 Cherry Valley male ducks of 1-d-old were randomly divided and fed diets with 0 (control), 12, or 24 % RPS for 35 d. Diets supplemented with RPS significantly elevated villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio in the caecum. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the diet with 12 % RPS had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and the butyrate-producing bacteria Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Erysipelatoclostridium were enriched in all diets. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased in the 24 % RPS diet v. the control diet. When compared with the control diet, the diet with 12 % RPS was also found to notably increase acetate, propionate and butyrate contents and up-regulated barrier-related genes including claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, mucin-2 and proglucagon in the caecum. Furthermore, the addition of 12 % RPS significantly reduced plasma TNF-α, IL-1β and endotoxin concentrations. These data revealed that diets supplemented with 12 % RPS partially improved caecal barrier function in meat ducks by enhancing intestinal morphology and barrier markers expression, modulating the microbiota composition and attenuating inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Camila S Marcolla ◽  
Benjamin Willing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P < 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P < 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P < 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P < 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P > 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Cianci ◽  
Laura Franza ◽  
Giovanni Schinzari ◽  
Ernesto Rossi ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Influence Gene Expression

The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments.

scholarly journals Differences in the Microbial Composition of Hemodialysis Patients Treated with and without β-Blockers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Yi-Ting Lin ◽  
Ting-Yun Lin ◽  
Szu-Chun Hung ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Wei-Chun Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Β Blockers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

β-blockers are commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Beyond the pharmacological effects, β-blockers have potential impacts on gut microbiota, but no study has investigated the effect in hemodialysis patients. Hence, we aim to investigate the gut microbiota composition difference between β-blocker users and nonusers in hemodialysis patients. Fecal samples collected from hemodialysis patients (83 β-blocker users and 110 nonusers) were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA amplification sequencing. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed to control confounders. The microbial composition differences were analyzed by the linear discriminant analysis effect size, random forest, and zero-inflated Gaussian fit model. The α-diversity (Simpson index) was greater in β-blocker users with a distinct β-diversity (Bray–Curtis Index) compared to nonusers in both full and PS-matched cohorts. There was a significant enrichment in the genus Flavonifractor in β-blocker users compared to nonusers in full and PS-matched cohorts. A similar finding was demonstrated in random forest analysis. In conclusion, hemodialysis patients using β-blockers had a different gut microbiota composition compared to nonusers. In particular, the Flavonifractor genus was increased with β-blocker treatment. Our findings highlight the impact of β-blockers on the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals 124 Impact of heat stress and antioxidant supplements in feed or drinking water on growth, intestinal morphology, and oxidative and immune status in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Ysenia Victoria Silva-Guillen ◽  
Gabriela E Martinez Padilla ◽  
Jeffrey Wiegert ◽  
Consuelo Arellano ◽  
R Dean Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of vitamin E (vitE) or polyphenols supplemented in feed or drinking water as a heat abatement strategy in growing pigs. Individually housed pigs (n = 128, 47.3 ± 5.0 kg BW) were assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2x4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments (thermo-neutral [21.2°C] or heat-stressed [30.9°C]) and 4 supplementation treatments (control diet [25 IU/kg dl-α-tocopherol acetate]; control+100 IU/L vitE [d-α-tocopherol] in water; control+200 IU/kg vitE [dl-α-tocopherol acetate] in feed; or control+400 mg/kg polyphenols in feed). Supplementation was started 7 d prior to temperature treatments applied for 28 d. Heat stress reduced (P ≤ 0.001) final BW, ADG, and ADFI (-7.4 kg, -26.7%, and -25.4%, respectively) and increased (P < 0.001) respiration rate and rectal temperature, but no effects of supplementation were detected. Serum vitamin E concentration increased (P < 0.001) with vitE supplementation (1.64, 3.59, 3.24, and 1.67 mg/kg for control, vitE in water, vitE in feed, and polyphenols, respectively) and was greater when supplemented in water vs. feed (P = 0.002), especially when measured on d 28 (chronic) vs. d 2 (acute) of heat stress. Liver vitamin E increased (P < 0.001) with vitE supplementation, especially in water, but not polyphenols (3.9, 31.8, 18.0, 4.9 ppm for control, vitE in water, vitE in feed, and polyphenols, respectively). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was greater (P < 0.05) for supplemented pigs compared to control, and heat stress reduced (P = 0.014) serum MDA on d 2, but not d 28. No differences were detected for intestinal morphology or MDA in mucosa of jejunum or ileum. Heat stress decreased (P < 0.03) TNF-α in mucosa of ileum and jejunum, and supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) TNF-α in mucosa of the ileum, but not jejunum. Heat stress markedly reduced performance of growing pigs, and supplementing antioxidants in feed or water was not effective in alleviating the impact of heat stress.

scholarly journals A Grape Powder Attenuates Colonic Inflammation, Inhibits Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer Development and Causes Favorable Changes of Gut Microbiota in Mice (OR04-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiying Zhao ◽  
Cindy Nakatsu ◽  
Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Recent discoveries suggest that gut microbiota is involved in the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and natural products like polyphenols can modulate gut microbiota. Polyphenol components of grape like resveratrol have been shown to have anti-colorectal cancer effects in animal models, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. The objective of this study is to examine the chemo-preventive effect of a whole grape powder (GP) on tumorigenesis in a mouse CAC model and evaluated the impact of GP on gut microbiota as a potential anti-CAC mechanism. To dissect the role of polyphenols in the GP, we compared GP at 3 and 10% diet to calorie, fiber, sugar and organic acid-matched placebo. Methods We used male Balb/c mice and divided them into diseased groups treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and healthy groups, both of which had placebo control diet, GP at 3% or 10% diet. To induce tumorigenesis, we injected AOM at 9.5 mg/kg bw at 6 weeks of age, followed by 2-cycle DSS (1.5% in drinking water). During the study, we monitored animals’ body weight and food consumption weekly, and evaluated their colitis symptoms during DSS treatments. All animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age and 24-hr accumulative fecal samples were collected prior to sacrifice for gut microbial analysis. Results Compared to the control diet, 10% GP diet alleviated colitis symptoms including rectal bleeding and diarrhea, and reduced total tumor multiplicity by 29% (P < 0.05). GP diet increased microbial alpha-diversity and significantly shifted the gut microbial composition in both healthy and diseased groups. Under both conditions, 10% GP diet increased the abundance of various taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae family. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of gut microbiota indicated that increased GP supplementation was associated with healthier animal status. In particular, we observed that the predicted functional profile of gut microbiota from diseased mice with 10% GP diet was similar to those from healthy mice with the control diet. Conclusions 10% GP diet showed CAC chemo-preventive effects and modulated gut microbiota under both healthy and diseased conditions, and appeared to prevent CAC-associated gut microbiota changes. Funding Sources California Table Grape Commission.

scholarly journals Microbiota and Metabolite Modifications after Dietary Exclusion of Dairy Products and Reduced Consumption of Fermented Food in Young and Older Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Kim ◽  
Kathryn J. Burton-Pimentel ◽  
Charlotte Fleuti ◽  
Carola Blaser ◽  
Valentin Scherz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiota adapts to age-related changes in host physiology but is also affected by environmental stimuli, like diet. As a source of both pre- and probiotics, dairy and fermented foods modulate the gut microbiota composition, which makes them interesting food groups to use for the investigation of interactions between diet and ageing. Here we present the effects of excluding dairy products and limiting fermented food consumption for 19 days on gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites of 28 healthy, young (YA) and older (OA) adult men. The intervention affected gut microbial composition in both groups, with significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in bacteria of the Clostridiales order. Lower fasting levels of glucose and insulin, as well as dairy-associated metabolites like lactose and pentadecanoic acid, were observed after the intervention, with no effect of age. The intervention also decreased HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Dairy fat intake was positively associated with the HDL cholesterol changes but not with the LDL/HDL ratio. In conclusion, restricting the intake of dairy and fermented foods in men modified their gut microbiota and blood metabolites, while the impact of the dietary restrictions on these outcomes was more marked than the effect of age.

scholarly journals PSV-11 Effects of plasma protein on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
Gabriela E Martinez Padilla ◽  
Ysenia Victoria Silva-Guillen ◽  
Kory Moran ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
Jack Odle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using plasma protein (PP) as a highly digestible, functional protein source in nursery pig diets on growth performance and intestinal health. Pigs (n = 64; 6.53 ± 0.12 kg BW) weaned at 21 d of age were blocked by litter and BW and randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a 35-d study. Four pigs were housed per pen, using a total of 16 pens (8 replicate pens per treatment). Treatments were: 1) control diet (without growth-promoting minerals or antibiotics) without PP, and 2) control diet with 4% of PP replacing SBM on a 1:1 basis. Diets were fed in 3 feeding phases (7, 14, and 14 days, respectively) and PP was included in all phases. Supplementation of PP tended (P = 0.07) to increase ADG (204 vs. 150 g/d) and improved (P = 0.02) gain:feed (812 vs 572 g/kg) during wk 2 only. Individual diarrhea scores (scale from 0=very hard to 6=watery diarrhea) determined using fecal loops changed over time (P < 0.001; 2.1, 2.4, 4.1 and 3.5 for d 1, 3, 7, and 14 respectively), but were not affected by PP. No differences were detected for intestinal morphology measured on d 35 in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Cell proliferation using Ki-67 staining was increased by PP (86.6 vs. 72.2 positive cells) only in the ileum (P = 0.03). No differences in mucosal concentrations of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the duodenum, jejunum or ileum were detected. Number of eosinophils in blood decreased (14.1 vs. 34.8 cells/µL; P = 0.004), while red blood cell counts (5.9 vs 6.2 x 106 cells/µL; P = 0.09) and neutrophil counts (529 vs. 695 cells/µL; P = 0.07) tended to decrease with PP. Results suggest that PP was not effective in improving overall growth performance and had minimal effects on intestinal health of weanling pigs.

scholarly journals PSXIII-8 Acute challenge with a DON-contaminated diet induce transient changes on microbiota composition in finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 477-477
Author(s):  
Mathilde Le Sciellour ◽  
Olivier Zemb ◽  
David Renaudeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study aimed at describing the impact of a deoxynivalenol (DON) - contaminated diet on microbiota composition. A total of 147 (Large White x Landrace) x Piétrain pigs from two replicates were affected to four different experimental treatments. Pigs in the control group (CC) received a control diet from 99 to 154 days of age. Groups DC, CD, and DD were given the DON-contaminated diet (3.02 mg DON/kg feed) for 7 days at 113, at 134, and at 113 and 134 days of age, respectively. The DON-contaminated diet was formulated with a naturally contaminated corn. The body weight gain and the feed intake were daily recorded from day 99 to 154. Fecal samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment (d99), immediately after the end of the 7-days DON challenges (d119 and 140), and at the end of the experiment (d154) for further 16S rRNA sequencing. During challenge periods, ADFI was decreased by 26% to 32% (P &lt; 0.05) and ADG by 40% to 60% (P &lt; 0.05). Short-term DON challenges induced transient changes in microbiota composition. Two weeks after the end of the DON challenges, this composition went back to control state. Whatever the age, DON challenged pigs could be discriminated from controls in a sparse PLS discriminant analysis based on 88 operational taxonomic units or 27 functional pathways with 16% error-rate. The main predictors raised by this discrimination belonged to Streptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae families. In our experimental conditions, changes in microbiota composition observed during DON challenges were poorly correlated to changes in ADG and ADFI. This experiment revealed a transient modification of the microbiota composition following the exposition to DON-contaminated diet, with no long-term impact on pigs’ performance. This study is part of the Feed-a-Gene Project funded from the European Union’s H2020 Program (grant 633531).

scholarly journals Dietary fibre enrichment of supplemental feed modulates the development of the intestinal tract in suckling piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. J. Van Hees ◽  
M. Davids ◽  
D. Maes ◽  
S. Millet ◽  
S. Possemiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Background Commercial pre-weaning diets are formulated to be highly digestible and nutrient-dense and contain low levels of dietary fibre. In contrast, pigs in a natural setting are manipulating fibre-rich plant material from a young age. Moreover, dietary fibre affects gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development and health in older pigs. We hypothesised that supplemental diets that contain vegetal fibres are accelerating GIT development in suckling piglets in terms of size and functionality. From d 2 of life, sow-suckled piglets had access to a low fibre diet (CON), a diet with a fermentable long-chain arabinoxylan (lc-AXOS), a diet with a largely non-fermentable purified cellulose (CELL), or a diet containing both fibres. During the initial 2 weeks, the control diet was a high-density milk replacer, followed by a dry and highly digestible creep meal. Upon weaning at 25 d, 15 piglets from each treatment group, identified as eaters and originating from six or seven litters, were sacrificed for post-mortem examination of GIT morphology, small intestinal permeability and metabolic profile of the digesta. The microbiota composition of the mid-colon was evaluated in a sub-set of ten piglets. Results No major statistical interactions between the fibre sources were observed. Piglets consumed the fibre-containing milk supplements and creep diets well. Stomach size and small intestinal permeability was not affected. Large intestinal fill was increased with lc-AXOS only, while relative large intestinal weight was increased with both fibre sources (P < 0.050). Also, CELL decreased ileal pH and tended to increase ileal DM content compared to CON (P < 0.050). Moreover, the concentration of volatile fatty acids was increased in the caecum (P < 0.100) and mid-colon (P < 0.050) by addition of CELL. lc-AXOS only stimulated caecal propionate (P < 0.050). The microbiota composition showed a high individual variation and limited dietary impact. Nonetheless, CELL induced minor shifts in specific genera, with notable reductions of Escherichia-Shigella. Conclusions Adding dietary fibres to the supplemental diet of suckling piglets altered large intestinal morphology but not small intestinal permeability. Moreover, dietary fibre showed effects on fermentation and modest changes of microbial populations in the hindgut, with more prominent effects from the low-fermentable cellulose.

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