scholarly journals In Contrast to Dietary Restriction, Application of Resveratrol in Mice Does not Alter Mouse Major Urinary Protein Expression

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Pallauf ◽  
Ilka Günther ◽  
Dawn Chin ◽  
Gerald Rimbach
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Pheromone Communication ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response Elements

Resveratrol (RSV) supplementation in mice has been discussed as partly mimicking the beneficial effects of dietary restriction (DR). However, data on putative benefits from resveratrol application in mice and other model organisms including humans is contradictory. Mouse major urinary proteins (MUPs) are a family of proteins that are expressed in rodent liver and secreted via urine. Impacting (mating) behavior and pheromone communication, they are severely down-regulated upon DR. We carried out two studies in C57BL/6Rj mice where RSV was either supplemented via diet or injected intraperitoneally for 8 weeks. Contrary to −40% DR, RSV did not decrease total MUP protein expression or Mup (amongst others Mup3, Mup5, Mup6, Mup15, and Mup20) mRNA levels in mouse liver when compared to ad-libitum (AL)-fed controls. Since inhibitory glucocorticoid response elements can be found in Mup promoters, we also measured glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in nuclear hepatic extracts. Consistent with differential MUP expression, we observed more nuclear GR in DR mice than in RSV-supplemented and AL control mice with no difference between RSV and AL. These findings point to the notion that, in mice, RSV does not mimic DR in terms of differential MUP expression.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on the Beneficial Effects of the Additional Selenium Supplementation to Methimazole for Treating Patients with Graves? disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIN XU ◽  
DI WU ◽  
HONG YING ◽  
YING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibody

Backgroud/aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a combination use of methimazole (MMI) and selenium (Se) in the treatment of Graves’ disease (GD). Materials and methods: A total of 103 newly-diagnosed hyperthyroidism patients were randomized to MMI and MMI+Se combination group. After treatment for six months, the levels of triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were observed. Besides, an in vitro culture model of thyroid cells was established and the protein expression and mRNA levels of TRAb, TPOAb and TGAb were determined by western blot and RT-PCR. Results: A significant decrease in the levels of FT3, FT4, TRAb, TPOAb and TGAb were observed in both groups along with a marked increase in TSH levels. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments showed that the protein expression and mRNA levels of TRAb, TPOAb and TGAb decreased significantly. Also, compared to the MMI group, there was a greater improvement of these indices in the MMI+Se group. Conclusion: We suggest that the combined use of MMI and Se could improve the thyroid activity in patients which may provide effective therapy for the treatment of GD in clinical settings. Key words: Graves’ disease; methimazole; selenium; TRAb; TPOAb; TGAb

scholarly journals Dietary restriction with and without caloric restriction for healthy aging

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhan Lee ◽  
Valter Longo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Safe Intervention

Caloric restriction is the most effective and reproducible dietary intervention known to regulate aging and increase the healthy lifespan in various model organisms, ranging from the unicellular yeast to worms, flies, rodents, and primates. However, caloric restriction, which in most cases entails a 20–40% reduction of food consumption relative to normal intake, is a severe intervention that results in both beneficial and detrimental effects. Specific types of chronic, intermittent, or periodic dietary restrictions without chronic caloric restriction have instead the potential to provide a significant healthspan increase while minimizing adverse effects. Improved periodic or targeted dietary restriction regimens that uncouple the challenge of food deprivation from the beneficial effects will allow a safe intervention feasible for a major portion of the population. Here we focus on healthspan interventions that are not chronic or do not require calorie restriction.

MiR-493 Induces Cytotoxic Autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells through Regulation on PHLPP2

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Deng ◽  
Ming Ma ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Liangliang Zheng ◽  
Suping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Autophagy Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cancer Inhibition

Background: MiR-493 promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer (PC) cells by targeting PHLPP2. We aimed to explore the relationship between miR-493 and autophagy in PC. Methods: qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA levels and protein expression of miR-493, PHLPP2, autophagy gene BECN1 and ATG7 in PC cells. The autophagy gene expression was determined after PC cells transfected with miR-493 precursor or PHLPP2 precursor. Corresponding changes of autophagy phenotype and PC cell function were also studied. Results: The mRNA levels and protein expression of miR-493, PHLPP2, BECN1 and ATG7 in PC cells were significantly decreased in PC cells. Overexpression of miR-493 or PHLPP2 markedly upregulated the expression levels of BECN1 and ATG7 in PC cells. Overexpression of miR-493 and PHLPP2 markedly promoted autophagy, and inhibited the invasion and cloning formation of PC cells. Conclusion: MiR-493 is a potent inducer of cytotoxic autophagy that leads to prostate cancer inhibition by regulating on PHLPP2.

Very Early Exercise Rehabilitation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Promotes Inflammation in the Brain

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110063
Author(s):  
Keigo Tamakoshi ◽  
Madoka Maeda ◽  
Shinnosuke Nakamura ◽  
Nae Murohashi
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Exercise Rehabilitation ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
To Receive

Background Very early exercise has been reported to exacerbate motor dysfunction; however, its mechanism is largely unknown. Objective This study examined the effect of very early exercise on motor recovery and associated brain damage following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods Collagenase solution was injected into the left striatum to induce ICH. Rats were randomly assigned to receive placebo surgery without exercise (SHAM) or ICH without (ICH) or with very early exercise within 24 hours of surgery (ICH+VET). We observed sensorimotor behaviors before surgery, and after surgery preexercise and postexercise. Postexercise brain tissue was collected 27 hours after surgery to investigate the hematoma area, brain edema, and Il1b, Tgfb1, and Igf1 mRNA levels in the striatum and sensorimotor cortex using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. NeuN, PSD95, and GFAP protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Results We observed significantly increased skillful sensorimotor impairment in the horizontal ladder test and significantly higher Il1b mRNA levels in the striatum of the ICH+VET group compared with the ICH group. NeuN protein expression was significantly reduced in both brain regions of the ICH+VET group compared with the SHAM group. Conclusion Our results suggest that very early exercise may be associated with an exacerbation of motor dysfunction because of increased neuronal death and region-specific changes in inflammatory factors. These results indicate that implementing exercise within 24 hours after ICH should be performed with caution.

scholarly journals Bee Pollen Diet Alters the Bacterial Flora and Antimicrobial Peptides in the Oral Cavities of Mice

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
Ariuntsetseg Khurelchuluun ◽  
Osamu Uehara ◽  
Durga Paudel ◽  
Tetsuro Morikawa ◽  
Yutaka Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metagenomic Study ◽  
Systemic Health

Background: Bee pollen (BP) has a broad range of beneficial effects on health. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BP on the oral environment, including the microbiome and antimicrobial peptides. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: control and BP. The BP group was fed with a 5% BP diet for 1 month. Swabs from the oral and buccal mucosa and samples of the intestinal stool were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and the microbiome was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: BP inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis at a concentration of >2.5%. The metagenomic study showed that the abundance of genus Lactococcus was significantly elevated in the oral and intestinal microbiomes of the BP group when compared to those of the control group. Significant alterations in alpha and beta diversity were observed between the oral microbiomes of the two groups. The mRNA levels of beta-defensin-2 and -3 were significantly upregulated in the buccal mucosa of the BP group. Conclusion: A BP diet may have a beneficial effect on oral and systemic health by modulating the bacterial flora and antimicrobial peptides of the oral cavity. Further investigations are needed to clarify how a BP diet affects overall human health.

scholarly journals Glatiramer Acetate Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Fatigue—Beneficial Effects on Self-Assessment Scales But Not on Molecular Markers

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Oliver Neuhaus ◽  
Wolfgang Köhler ◽  
Florian Then Bergh ◽  
Wolfgang Kristoferitsch ◽  
Jürgen Faiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Although fatigue is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), its pathomechanisms are incompletely understood. Glatiramer acetate (GA), an immunomodulatory agent approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), possesses unique mechanisms of action and has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects on MS fatigue. The objective of this study was to correlate clinical, neuropsychological, and immunological parameters in RRMS patients with fatigue before and during treatment with GA. In a prospective, open-label, multicenter trial, 30 patients with RRMS and fatigue were treated with GA for 12 months. Inclusion criterion was the presence of fatigue as one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms. Before and during treatment, fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the MS-FSS, and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). In addition, fatigue and quality of life were assessed using the Visual Analog Scales (VAS). Laboratory assessments included screening of 188 parameters using real-time PCR microarrays followed by further analysis of several cytokines, chemokines, and neurotrophic factors. Fatigue self-assessments were completed in 25 patients. After 12 months of treatment with GA, 13 of these patients improved in all three scales (with the most prominent effects on the MFIS), whereas 5 patients had deteriorated. The remaining 7 patients exhibited inconsistent effects within the three scales. Fatigue and overall quality of life had improved, as assessed via VAS. Laboratory assessments revealed heterogeneous mRNA levels of cytokines, chemokines, and neurotrophic factors. In conclusion, we were not able to correlate clinical and molecular effects of GA in patients with RRMS and fatigue.

Hepatocellular expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is unaltered during hepatic regeneration

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. G717-G722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisam F. Zakko ◽  
Carl L. Berg ◽  
John L. Gollan ◽  
Richard M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Microsomal Enzyme

Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are essential hepatic functions required for glucose homeostasis. During the initial phase of hepatic regeneration, the immediate-early genes (IEG) are rapidly expressed, and the IEG RL-1 encodes for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6- Pase). G-6- Pase is a microsomal enzyme essential for gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. This study employs a partial-hepatectomy model to examine the expression and activity of G-6- Pase. After partial hepatectomy, rat hepatic G-6- Pase gene expression is transcriptionally regulated, and mRNA levels are increased ≈30-fold. However, in contrast to this rapid gene induction, microsomal enzyme activity is unchanged after partial hepatectomy. Western blotting demonstrates that microsomal G-6- Pase protein expression is also unchanged after partial hepatectomy, and similar results are also noted in whole liver homogenate. Thus, despite marked induction in gene expression of the IEG G-6- Pase after partial hepatectomy, protein expression and enzyme activity remain unchanged. These data indicate that, although this hepatocyte IEG is transcriptionally regulated, the physiologically important level of regulation is posttranscriptional. This highlights the importance of correlating gene expression of IEG with protein expression and physiological function.

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