scholarly journals Dietary restriction with and without caloric restriction for healthy aging

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhan Lee ◽  
Valter Longo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Safe Intervention

Caloric restriction is the most effective and reproducible dietary intervention known to regulate aging and increase the healthy lifespan in various model organisms, ranging from the unicellular yeast to worms, flies, rodents, and primates. However, caloric restriction, which in most cases entails a 20–40% reduction of food consumption relative to normal intake, is a severe intervention that results in both beneficial and detrimental effects. Specific types of chronic, intermittent, or periodic dietary restrictions without chronic caloric restriction have instead the potential to provide a significant healthspan increase while minimizing adverse effects. Improved periodic or targeted dietary restriction regimens that uncouple the challenge of food deprivation from the beneficial effects will allow a safe intervention feasible for a major portion of the population. Here we focus on healthspan interventions that are not chronic or do not require calorie restriction.

scholarly journals Drosophila Gut—A Nexus Between Dietary Restriction and Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Lian ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Brian Hodge ◽  
Kenneth Wilson ◽  
Guixiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage

Aging is often defined as the accumulation of damage at the molecular and cellular levels which, over time, results in marked physiological impairments throughout the organism. Dietary restriction (DR) has been recognized as one of the strongest lifespan extending therapies observed in a wide array of organisms. Recent studies aimed at elucidating how DR promotes healthy aging have demonstrated a vital role of the digestive tract in mediating the beneficial effects of DR. Here, we review how dietary restriction influences gut metabolic homeostasis and immune function. Our discussion is focused on studies of the Drosophila digestive tract, where we describe in detail the potential mechanisms in which DR enhances maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, up-regulates lipid metabolic processes, and improves the ability of the gut to deal with damage or stress. We also examine evidence of a tissue-tissue crosstalk between gut and neighboring organs including brain and fat body. Taken together, we argue that the Drosophila gut plays a critical role in DR-mediated lifespan extension.

scholarly journals In Contrast to Dietary Restriction, Application of Resveratrol in Mice Does not Alter Mouse Major Urinary Protein Expression

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Pallauf ◽  
Ilka Günther ◽  
Dawn Chin ◽  
Gerald Rimbach
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Pheromone Communication ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response Elements

Resveratrol (RSV) supplementation in mice has been discussed as partly mimicking the beneficial effects of dietary restriction (DR). However, data on putative benefits from resveratrol application in mice and other model organisms including humans is contradictory. Mouse major urinary proteins (MUPs) are a family of proteins that are expressed in rodent liver and secreted via urine. Impacting (mating) behavior and pheromone communication, they are severely down-regulated upon DR. We carried out two studies in C57BL/6Rj mice where RSV was either supplemented via diet or injected intraperitoneally for 8 weeks. Contrary to −40% DR, RSV did not decrease total MUP protein expression or Mup (amongst others Mup3, Mup5, Mup6, Mup15, and Mup20) mRNA levels in mouse liver when compared to ad-libitum (AL)-fed controls. Since inhibitory glucocorticoid response elements can be found in Mup promoters, we also measured glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in nuclear hepatic extracts. Consistent with differential MUP expression, we observed more nuclear GR in DR mice than in RSV-supplemented and AL control mice with no difference between RSV and AL. These findings point to the notion that, in mice, RSV does not mimic DR in terms of differential MUP expression.

scholarly journals Optimization of Dietary Restriction Protocols in Drosophila

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1071-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Bass ◽  
Richard C. Grandison ◽  
Richard Wong ◽  
Pedro Martinez ◽  
Linda Partridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

Abstract Dietary restriction (DR) extends life span in many organisms, through unknown mechanisms that may or may not be evolutionarily conserved. Because different laboratories use different diets and techniques for implementing DR, the outcomes may not be strictly comparable. This complicates intra- and interspecific comparisons of the mechanisms of DR and is therefore central to the use of model organisms to research this topic. Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for the study of DR, but the nutritional content of its diet is typically poorly defined. We have compared fly diets composed of different yeasts for their effect on life span and fecundity. We found that only one diet was appropriate for DR experiments, indicating that much of the published work on fly “DR” may have included adverse effects of food composition. We propose procedures to ensure that diets are suitable for the study of DR in Drosophila.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction and the Nutrient-Sensing PGC-1αin Mitochondrial Homeostasis: New Perspectives in Neurodegeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Lettieri Barbato ◽  
Sara Baldelli ◽  
Beatrice Pagliei ◽  
Katia Aquilano ◽  
Maria Rosa Ciriolo
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Function

Mitochondrial activity progressively declines during ageing and in many neurodegenerative diseases. Caloric restriction (CR) has been suggested as a dietary intervention that is able to postpone the detrimental aspects of aging as it ameliorates mitochondrial performance. This effect is partially due to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. The nutrient-sensing PGC-1αis a transcriptional coactivator that promotes the expression of mitochondrial genes and is induced by CR. It is believed that many of the mitochondrial and metabolic benefits of CR are due to increased PGC-1αactivity. The increase of PGC-1αis also positively linked to neuroprotection and its decrement has been involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of PGC-1αin neuronal homeostasis and the beneficial effects of CR on mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We also discuss how PGC-1α-governed pathways could be used as target for nutritional intervention to prevent neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding and Caloric Restriction Impact on Spontaneous Neoplasms in Female Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Annamaria Rudderow ◽  
Eleonora Duregon ◽  
Michel Bernier ◽  
Rafael de Cabo
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Female Mice

Abstract In older humans, multiple chronic diseases and increased life expectancy impose a disproportionate socioeconomic burden. Dietary interventions are valuable strategies for promoting healthy aging. Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition is a robust intervention able to delay disease onset and increase survival in model organisms. However, the impracticability of chronic CR outweighs the potential long-term benefits in humans. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), i.e. the limitation in the timing of food intake without necessarily reducing caloric intake, can protect against metabolic disorders through the synchronization of the circadian rhythm. This study compares whether limiting access to ad libitum (AL) food for a few hours per day mimics the beneficial effects of a CR diet. A large cohort of C57BL/6J female mice (n=250) was distributed into five feeding paradigms at midlife: AL, TRF for 8 hours, TRF for 4 hours, 20% CR and 20% CR fed twice a day (CRx2). Pathological analyses at death reveal a shift in fatal neoplasms toward an older age in TRF8 mice. AL mice had the highest prevalence of tumors (93%) and TRF4 had the lowest (77%). The highest tumor burden was observed in AL mice while CRx2 animals had the lowest number of neoplasms. Histiocytic sarcoma and lymphoma were the most represented malignancies, with CR mice exhibiting the highest rate of histiocytic sarcoma (75%) and the lowest rate of lymphoma (10%). These results indicate that time- and calorie-restricted feeding regimens can slow down malignant neoplasm progression and extend health span in female mice, even when started in adulthood.

scholarly journals Cross-species functional modules link proteostasis to human normal aging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Komljenovic ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Vincenzo Sorrentino ◽  
Zoltán Kutalik ◽  
Johan Auwerx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Functional Modules ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved nature of the few well-known anti-aging interventions that affect lifespan, such as caloric restriction, suggests that aging-related research in model organisms is directly relevant to human aging. Since human lifespan is a complex trait, a systems-level approach will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying aging landscape. Here, we integrate evolutionary and functional information of normal aging across human and model organisms at three levels: gene-level, process-level, and network-level. We identify evolutionarily conserved modules of normal aging across diverse taxa, and importantly, we show that proteostasis involvement is conserved in healthy aging. Additionally, we find that mechanisms related to protein quality control network are enriched in 22 age-related genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and are associated to caloric restriction. These results demonstrate that a systems-level approach, combined with evolutionary conservation, allows the detection of candidate aging genes and pathways relevant to human normal aging.HighlightsNormal aging is evolutionarily conserved at the module level.Core pathways in healthy aging are related to mechanisms of protein quality networkThe evolutionarily conserved pathways of healthy aging react to caloric restriction.Our integrative approach identifies evolutionarily conserved functional modules and showed enrichment in several age-related GWAS studies.

scholarly journals Targeting Cardiovascular Risk Factors Through Dietary Adaptations and Caloric Restriction Mimetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Voglhuber ◽  
Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer ◽  
Mahmoud Abdellatif ◽  
Simon Sedej
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Alternative Interventions

The average human life expectancy continues to rise globally and so does the prevalence and absolute burden of cardiovascular disease. Dietary restriction promotes longevity and improves various cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. However, low adherence to caloric restriction renders this stringent dietary intervention challenging to adopt as a standard practice for cardiovascular disease prevention. Hence, alternative eating patterns and strategies that recapitulate the salutary benefits of caloric restriction are under intense investigation. Here, we first provide an overview of alternative interventions, including intermittent fasting, alternate-day fasting and the Mediterranean diet, along with their cardiometabolic effects in animal models and humans. We then present emerging pharmacological alternatives, including spermidine, NAD+ precursors, resveratrol, and metformin, as promising caloric restriction mimetics, and briefly touch on the mechanisms underpinning their cardiometabolic and health-promoting effects. We conclude that implementation of feasible dietary approaches holds the promise to attenuate the burden of cardiovascular disease and facilitate healthy aging in humans.

Calorie Restriction and Dietary Restriction Mimetics: A Strategy for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 2950-2977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Testa ◽  
Fiorella Biasi ◽  
Giuseppe Poli ◽  
Elena Chiarpotto
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging

Dietary Carotenoids in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Role of PPARs in the Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Raghunandan Purohith ◽  
Nagendra P.M. Nagalingaswamy ◽  
Nanjunda S. Shivananju
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Established Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Metabolic syndrome is a collective term that denotes disorder in metabolism, symptoms of which include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Diet is a major predisposing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, and dietary intervention is necessary for both prevention and management. The bioactive constituents of food play a key role in this process. Micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, and aromatic pigment molecules found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments are known to have beneficial effects in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. There exists a well-established relationship between oxidative stress and major pathological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Consequently, dietary antioxidants are implicated in the remediation of these complications. The mechanism of action and targets of dietary antioxidants as well as their effects on related pathways are being extensively studied and elucidated in recent times. This review attempts a comprehensive study of the role of dietary carotenoids in alleviating metabolic syndromewith an emphasis on molecular mechanism-in the light of recent advances.

scholarly journals Late-life intermittent fasting decreases aging-related frailty and increases renal hydrogen sulfide production in a sexually dimorphic manner

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko O. Henderson ◽  
Nazmin Bithi ◽  
Christopher Link ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Rebecca Schugar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Multiple Components

AbstractGlobal average life expectancy continues to rise. As aging increases the likelihood of frailty, which encompasses metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive deficits, there is a need for effective anti-aging treatments. It is well established in model organisms that dietary restriction (DR), such as caloric restriction or protein restriction, enhances health and lifespan. However, DR is not widely implemented in the clinic due to patient compliance and its lack of mechanistic underpinnings. Thus, the present study tested the effects of a somewhat more clinically applicable and adoptable DR regimen, every-other-day (EOD) intermittent fasting, on frailty in 20-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice. Frailty was determined by a series of metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive tasks performed prior to and toward the end of the 2.5-month dietary intervention. Late-life EOD fasting attenuated overall energy intake, hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression, and frailty in males. However, it failed to reduce overall caloric intake and had a little positive effect in females. Given that the selected benefits of DR are dependent on augmented production of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and that renal H2S production declines with age, we tested the effects of EOD fasting on renal H2S production capacity and its connection to frailty in males. EOD fasting boosted renal H2S production, which positively correlated with improvements in multiple components of frailty tasks. Therefore, late-life initiated EOD fasting is sufficient to reduce aging-related frailty, at least in males, and suggests that renal H2S production capacity may modulate the effects of late-life EOD fasting on frailty.

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