scholarly journals Moderate Weight Loss Modifies Leptin and Ghrelin Synthesis Rhythms but Not the Subjective Sensations of Appetite in Obesity Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Juan José Hernández Morante ◽  
Inmaculada Díaz Soler ◽  
Joaquín S. Galindo Muñoz ◽  
Horacio Pérez Sánchez ◽  
Mª del Carmen Barberá Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ghrelin Level ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Variability ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Obesity is characterized by a resistance to appetite-regulating hormones, leading to a misalignment between the physiological signals and the perceived hunger/satiety signal. A disruption of the synthesis rhythm may explain this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary-induced weight loss on the daily rhythms of leptin and ghrelin and its influence on the daily variability of the appetite sensations of patients with obesity. Twenty subjects with obesity underwent a hypocaloric dietary intervention for 12 weeks. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were analyzed at baseline and at the end of the intervention and in 13 normal-weight controls. Appetite ratings were analyzed. Weight loss decreased leptin synthesis (pauc < 0.001) but not the rhythm characteristics, except the mean variability value (pmesor = 0.020). By contrast, the mean ghrelin level increased after weight loss. The rhythm characteristics were also modified until a rhythm similar to the normal-weight subjects was reached. The amount of variability of leptin and ghrelin was correlated with the effectiveness of the dietary intervention (p < 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). Losing weight partially restores the daily rhythms of leptin and modifies the ghrelin rhythms, but appetite sensations are barely modified, thus confirming that these hormones cannot exercise their physiological function properly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a protocol to detect malnutrition and provide nutritional care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA ÁLVARO SANZ ◽  
JIMENA ABILÉS ◽  
MARGARITA GARRIDO SILES ◽  
FRANCISCO RIVAS RUÍZ ◽  
BEGOÑA TORTAJADA GOITIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Patients with cancer frequently experience malnutrition, which is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the implementation of strategies for its early detection and for intervention should improve the evolution of these patients. Our study aim is to design and implement a protocol for outpatients starting chemotherapy, by means of which any malnutrition can be identified and treated at an early stage. Methods Before starting chemotherapy for patients with cancer, a complete assessment was made of their nutritional status, using the Nutriscore screening tool. When nutritional risk was detected, an interventional protocol was applied. Results Of 234 patients included in the study group, 84 (36%) required an individualised nutritional approach: 27 (32.1%) presented high nutritional risk, 12 had a Nutriscore result ≥ 5 and 45 experienced weight loss during chemotherapy. Among this population, the mean weight loss (with respect to normal weight) on inclusion in the study was − 3.6% ±8.2. By the end of the chemotherapy, the mean weight gain was 0% ±7.3 (p < 0.001) and 71.0% of the patients had experienced weight gain or maintenance, with respect to the initial weight. Conclusion More than a third of cancer patients who start chemotherapy are candidates for early nutritional intervention. This finding highlights the importance of early identification of patients at risk in order to improve the efficacy of nutritional interventions, regardless of the stage of the disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a protocol to detect malnutrition and provide nutritional care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Álvaro Sanz ◽  
Jimena Abilés ◽  
Marga Garrido Siles ◽  
Francisco Rivas Ruíz ◽  
Begoña Tortajada Goitia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPatients with cancer frequently experience malnutrition, which is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the implementation of strategies for its early detection and for intervention should improve the evolution of these patients. Our study aim is to design and implement a protocol for outpatients starting chemotherapy, by means of which any malnutrition can be identified and treated at an early stage. Before starting chemotherapy for patients with cancer, a complete assessment was made of their nutritional status, using the Nutriscore screening tool. When nutritional risk was detected, an interventional protocol was applied. Of 234 patients included in the study group, 84 (36%) required an individualised nutritional approach: 27 (32.1%) presented high nutritional risk, 12 had a Nutriscore result ≥ 5 and 45 experienced weight loss during chemotherapy. Among this population, the mean weight loss (with respect to normal weight) on inclusion in the study was − 3.6% ± 8.2. By the end of the chemotherapy, the mean weight gain was 0% ± 7.3 (p < 0.001) and 71.0% of the patients had experienced weight gain or maintenance, with respect to the initial weight. More than a third of cancer patients who start chemotherapy are candidates for early nutritional intervention. This finding highlights the importance of early identification of patients at risk in order to improve the efficacy of nutritional interventions, regardless of the stage of the disease.

scholarly journals Frequency of Self-Weighing and Weight Change: Cohort Study With 10,000 Smart Scale Users (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Leena Vuorinen ◽  
Elina Helander ◽  
Julia Pietilä ◽  
Ilkka Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

BACKGROUND Frequent self-weighing is associated with successful weight loss and weight maintenance during and after weight loss interventions. Less is known about self-weighing behaviors and associated weight change in free-living settings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of self-weighing and changes in body weight in a large international cohort of smart scale users. METHODS This was an observational cohort study with 10,000 randomly selected smart scale users who had used the scale for at least 1 year. Longitudinal weight measurement data were analyzed. The association between the frequency of self-weighing and weight change over the follow-up was investigated among normal weight, overweight, and obese users using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear models. The association between the frequency of self-weighing and temporal weight change was analyzed using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS The eligible sample consisted of 9768 participants (6515/9768, 66.7% men; mean age 41.5 years; mean BMI 26.8 kg/m2). Of the participants, 4003 (4003/9768, 41.0%), 3748 (3748/9768, 38.4%), and 2017 (2017/9768, 20.6%) were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. During the mean follow-up time of 1085 days, the mean weight change was –0.59 kg, and the mean percentage of days with a self-weigh was 39.98%, which equals 2.8 self-weighs per week. The percentage of self-weighing days correlated inversely with weight change, <i>r</i>=–0.111 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Among normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals, the correlations were <i>r</i>=–0.100 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), <i>r</i>=–0.125 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and <i>r</i>=–0.148 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), respectively. Of all participants, 72.5% (7085/9768) had at least one period of ≥30 days without weight measurements. During the break, weight increased, and weight gains were more pronounced among overweight and obese individuals: 0.58 kg in the normal weight group, 0.93 kg in the overweight group, and 1.37 kg in the obese group (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS Frequent self-weighing was associated with favorable weight loss outcomes also in an uncontrolled, free-living setting, regardless of specific weight loss interventions. The beneficial associations of regular self-weighing were more pronounced for overweight or obese individuals.

scholarly journals Changes in adipose tissue lipolysis gene expression and insulin sensitivity after weight loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska ◽  
Agnieszka Nikołajuk ◽  
Radosław Majewski ◽  
Remigiusz Filarski ◽  
Magdalena Stefanowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Obese Subjects

Objective Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiological link between obesity and its metabolic complications. Weight loss (WL) is an effective tool to prevent obesity-related diseases; however, the mechanisms of an improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) after weight-reducing interventions are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between IS and adipose tissue (AT) expression of the genes involved in the regulation of lipolysis in obese subjects after WL. Methods Fifty-two obese subjects underwent weight-reducing dietary intervention program. The control group comprised 20 normal-weight subjects, examined at baseline only. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and s.c. AT biopsy with subsequent gene expression analysis were performed before and after the program. Results AT expression of genes encoding lipases (PNPLA2, LIPE and MGLL) and lipid-droplet proteins enhancing (ABHD5) and inhibiting lipolysis (PLIN1 and CIDEA) were decreased in obese individuals in comparison with normal-weight individuals. The group of 38 obese participants completed dietary intervention program and clamp studies, which resulted in a significant WL and an improvement in mean IS. However, in nine subjects from this group IS did not improve in response to WL. AT expression of PNPLA2, LIPE and PLIN1 increased only in the group without IS improvement. Conclusions Excessive lipolysis may prevent an improvement in IS during WL. The change in AT PNPLA2 and LIPE expression was a negative predictor of the change in IS after WL.

Responses to Two Weight-loss Programs Based on Approximating the Diet to the Ideal: Differences Associated with Increased Cereal or Vegetable Consumption

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortega ◽  
Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Aparicio ◽  
Marín-Arias ◽  
López-Sobaler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Weight Loss Programs ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
The Ideal

The fight against excess weight and obesity is a health priority. The aim of this study was to analyze the anthropometric changes induced by two weight control programs based on approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal (increasing the consumption of foods with the largest differences between the recommended and observed intakes: cereals and vegetables – for which a minimum of 6 and 3 servings/day are recommended, respectively). The study subjects were 57 Spanish women with a body-mass index (BMI) of 24–35 kg/m², all of whom were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets for a six-week period: diet V, in which the consumption of greens and vegetables was increased, or diet C, in which the consumption of cereals was increased. Dietetic and anthropometric data were collected at the start of the study and again at two and six weeks. The dietary intervention approximated the subjects’ energy provision from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to those recommended. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) improved with both diets. Reductions in body weight, BMI, and the amount of body fat (kg) were also achieved with both diets. Weight loss was 1.56 ± 0.93 kg and 1.02 ± 0.55 kg at two weeks with diet C and V respectively, and 2.8 ± 1.4 kg and 2.0 ± 1.3 kg at six weeks (p < 0.05). Approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal by increasing the consumption of vegetables or cereals may therefore be of use in weight control. In terms of weight loss and the improvement of the diet quality (energy profile and HEI), diet C was significantly more effective than diet V.

scholarly journals Effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance among overweight and obese premenopausal females

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa H. Foula ◽  
Rana H. Emara ◽  
Mona K. Eldeeb ◽  
Samiha A. Mokhtar ◽  
Fikrat A. El-Sahn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Serum Adiponectin Level ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract Background Obesity has emerged as a public health crisis in many populations including Egypt. Adipose tissue produces a number of adipokines, one of them is adiponectin which has attracted much attention because of its antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects. Objective To determine the effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance among overweight and obese adult premenopausal females. Study design A pre-postintervention study was carried out among 95 premenopausal overweight and obese females (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 20 to 40 years at the integrated health clinic affiliated to the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt, from February 2016 to February 2017. All participants underwent a weight loss program based on a reduced calorie balanced diet and advised to increase their physical activity. Dietary instructions and follow-up were done weekly throughout 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected to investigate serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results After 16 weeks, a significant decrease in body weight by 9.7% was associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin from 13.3 ± 4.9 μg/ml to 18.5 ± 5.6 μg/ml. Both fasting insulin and insulin resistance had decreased significantly by 13.6% and 13.7%, respectively. Conclusion A weight reduction program depending on a reduced calorie diet for 16 weeks was associated with a significant increase in total adiponectin level and reduction in insulin resistance. An emphasis on the importance of keeping normal weight through nutritional education and the promotion of healthy diets is recommended to reduce the risk of occurrence of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Five-year Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Prospective Multicenter study

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482199198
Author(s):  
Imad El Moussaoui ◽  
Etienne Van Vyve ◽  
Hubert Johanet ◽  
André Dabrowski ◽  
Arnaud Piquard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Excess Weight Loss ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Weight Loss Failure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predictors Of Weight Loss

Background Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most frequently performed bariatric procedure in the world. Our purpose was to evaluate the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), resolution of obesity-related comorbidities after SG, and identify predictive factors of weight loss failure. Methods A prospective cohort study of adults who underwent SG during 2014 in 7 Belgian-French centers. Their demographic, preoperative, and postoperative data were prospectively collected and analyzed statistically. Results Overall, 529 patients underwent SG, with a mean preoperative weight and body mass index (BMI) of 118.9 ± 19.9 kg and 42.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2, respectively. Body mass index significantly decreased to 32.2 kg/m2 at 5 years ( P < .001). The mean %EWL was 63.6% at 5 years. A significant reduction in dyslipidemia (28.0%-18.2%), obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) (34.6%-25.1%), and arterial hypertension (HTN) (30.4%-21.5%) was observed after 5 years, but not for diabetes and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). At multivariate analysis, age >50 years old, BMI >50 kg/m2, and previous laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) remained independent predictors of weight loss failure. Conclusions Five years after SG, weight loss was satisfactory; the reduction of comorbidities was significant for dyslipidemia, OSAS, and HTN, but not diabetes and GERD. Age >50 years old, BMI >50 kg/m2, and previous LAGB were independent predictors of weight loss failure.

scholarly journals Correlations between Coffee Consumption and Metabolic Phenotypes, Plasma Folate, and Vitamin B12: NHANES 2003 to 2006

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Pratibha V. Nerurkar ◽  
Krupa Gandhi ◽  
John J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Plasma Folate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent not only among the overweight and obese but also normal weight individuals, and the phenotype is referred to as a metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUHP). Besides normal weight individuals, overweight/obese individuals are also protected from MetS, and the phenotype is known as a metabolically healthy phenotype (MHP). Epidemiological studies indicate that coffee and micronutrients such as plasma folate or vitamin B12 (vit. B12) are inversely associated with MetS. However, correlations among coffee consumption metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 remain unknown. Our objective was to investigate the correlation between coffee consumption, metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 as well as to understand associations between plasma folate, vit. B12, and metabolic phenotypes. Associations among coffee consumption metabolic phenotypes, plasma folate, and vit. B12 were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 2201 participants, 18 years or older, from 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). MUHP was classified as having > three metabolic abnormalities. Coffee consumption was not associated with metabolic phenotypes, but negatively correlated with several metabolic variables, including BMI (p < 0.001). Plasma folate was positively associated with MUHP (p < 0.004), while vit. B12 was inversely associated with MUHP (p < 0.035). Our results suggest the potential protective impact of coffee on individual components of MetS and indicate a positive correlation between coffee consumption and MUHP among overweight individuals. Identifying possible dietary factors may provide practical and low-cost dietary intervention targets, specifically for early intervention. Larger and randomized intervention studies and prospective longitudinal studies are required to further evaluate these associations.

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