scholarly journals Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Their Ratio in Adults (18–90 y): Findings from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Eoin Morrissey ◽  
Miriam Giltinan ◽  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Anne P. Nugent ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

An individual’s sodium to potassium intake ratio (Na:K) has been shown to be an important predictor of hypertension. The aim of this study was to estimate the mean 24 h urinary Na, K and Na:K of Irish adults and to identify the foods that determine Na:K in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. This study was based on data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008–2010) (NANS), which collected spot urine samples and dietary data in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults aged 18+ years. The mean urinary molar Na:K of Irish men and women was 1.90 and 2.15, respectively, which exceed target molar ratios of ≤1.0 and ≤2.0. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of Na was 4631 mg for men and 3525 mg for women, which exceed target maximum population intakes for all gender and age groups. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of K was 3894 mg for men and 2686 mg for women, with intakes in women of all ages and older men (65+ years) below current recommendations. The key foods positively associated with a lower Na:K were fruits, vegetables, potatoes, breakfast cereals, milk, yogurt and fresh meat, while the foods negatively associated with a lower Na:K were breads, cured and processed meats and butters and fat spreads. Strategies to reduce sodium and increase potassium intakes are necessary to lower population Na:K, which may help to reduce the burden of hypertension-related diseases in the Irish population.

URINARY CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION BY HEALTHY CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Mary L. Voorhess
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urinary Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
The Mean

There is increase in the daily urinary excretion of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) with age. The mean output in micrograms per 24 hours for various age groups is as follows: birth to 1 year-DA 60.9 (± 24.3), NE 10.6 (± 3.4), E 1.3 (± 1.2), VMA 569 (± 309); 1 through 5 years—DA 124.1 (± 40.7), NE (18.8 ± 7.0), E 3.2 (± 2.7), VMA 1348 (± 433); 6 through 15 years—DA 169.3 (± 72.6), NE 37.4 (± 16.6), E 4.8 (± 2.4), VMA 2373 (± 698); over 15 years—DA 249.1 (± 74.9), NE 50.7 (± 15.7), E 7.1 (± 3.3), VMA 3192 (± 699). The studies suggest that the daily output of these compounds in the various age groups is similar when related to body surface area after infancy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cervical Artery Dissection among Hospitalized Patients with Stroke by Age in a Nationally Representative Sample from the United States

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011420
Author(s):  
Yahya B. Atalay ◽  
Pirouz Piran ◽  
Abhinaba Chatterjee ◽  
Santosh Murthy ◽  
Babak B. Navi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vertebral Artery Dissection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Cervical Artery Dissection ◽  
Cervical Artery ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective:To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of cervical artery dissection remains constant across age groups, we evaluated the relationship between age and cervical artery dissection in patients with stroke using a Nationally Representative Sample from the United States.Methods:We used inpatient claims data included in the 2012-2015 releases of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). We used validated ICD-9-CM codes to identify adults hospitalized with ischemic stroke and a concomitant diagnosis of carotid- or vertebral-artery dissection. Survey weights provided by the NIS and population estimates from the U.S. census were used to calculate nationally representative estimates. The chi-square test for trend was used to compare the prevalence of concomitant dissection among stroke hospitalizations across patient subgroups defined by age. Poisson regression and the Wald test for trend were used to evaluate whether the prevalence of hospitalizations for stroke and concomitant dissection per million person-years varied by age groups.Results:There were 17,320 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15,614-19,026) hospitalizations involving ischemic stroke and a concomitant dissection. The prevalence of dissection among stroke hospitalizations decreased across 10-year age groups from 7.2% (95% CI, 6.2%-8.1%) among persons younger than age 30 years to 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.2%) among persons older than age 80 years (P value for trend <0.001). However, the prevalence of hospitalizations for stroke and concomitant dissection increased from 5.4 (95% CI, 4.6-6.2) hospitalizations per million person-years among adults younger than age 30 to 24.4 (95% CI, 21.0-27.9) hospitalizations per million person-years among adults older than age 80 (P value for trend <0.01).Conclusions:In a nationally representative sample, the prevalence of hospitalizations for dissection-related stroke increased with age.

Dementia and ‘borderline dementia’ in Britain: 8-year incidence and post-screening outcomes

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Clarke ◽  
K. Morgan ◽  
J. Lilley ◽  
T. Arie ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Age And Sex

SynopsisSurvivors from a nationally representative sample of elderly people originally screened in 1985 were reassessed in 1989 and again in 1993. On each occasion respondents were rated as cognitively impaired, borderline impaired or unimpaired (using a brief information/orientation scale), with the validity of these ratings assessed in subsequent clinical interviews. Where follow-up screening was not possible, information was derived from death certificates and hospital case-notes. Over 8 years (1985–93) the overall incidence rate per person–year at risk was 1·58%, giving age-specific rates of 0·72, 1·32, 1·63, 3·46, 2·55 and 1·41% for the age groups 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, 85–89 and ≥ 90 respectively. Of 43 individuals classified at screening as borderline impaired in 1985 and 1989, 19 were diagnosed as demented at clinical interviews conducted within 16 weeks of screening. Four-year follow-ups among the remaining 24 showed that 15 had died, while 6 showed a worsened cognitive status. Controlling for both age and sex, aggregated 4-year mortality was significantly higher among those defined at screening in 1985 and 1989 as either impaired or borderline, when compared with the unimpaired.

scholarly journals Anemia in Diabetes – An Added Dilemma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmed Arshad ◽  
Jamal Ara
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To study the frequency of anemia in diabetes of an adult population. Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study included 277 adult patients, above the age of 18 years, who were diagnosed as having diabetes by clinical and laboratory basis and were considerably controlled on their prescribed management. The study was conducted in Creek General Hospital Karachi from October to December 2020 by random based sampling technique. After a written consent answers were noted according to the questionnaire and the relevant data was tabulated and analyzed. Patients with complications or with other chronic illness, except hypertension, were excluded. The data was evaluated for the frequency of anemia in diabetics, categorizing the severity of anemia into mild, moderate, and severe. Universal variables like gender and age were assessed. Results: Among the 277 patients in the study, there were 121(43.7%) males and 156 (56.3%) females. There were 17 (6%) in the young age group, 162 (58.5%) in the middle age group and 98 (35.4%) elders. The mean hemoglobin was 11.1 gm/dl. Out of 277 there were 222 (80%) who fell in the category of anemia. There were 90 out of 121 (74%) males who were anemic and 132 out of 156 (84%) females who were anemic. The most frequent category of anemia was moderate anemia (48%) followed by mild category (46%). Mild anemia was more frequent in males while moderate anemia was more prevalent in females. Anemia was higher in percentage in the younger group (88%). Mild to moderate anemia was more prevalent than severe in all age groups. 81% of hypertensive, diabetic patients was anemic. 78% smokers had anemia. There was visible increase in frequency of anemia as the duration of diabetes increased. Conclusion: Anemia is highly prevalent in diabetics.

scholarly journals Sensory characteristics of vegetables consumed by Australian children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
David N Cox ◽  
Danielle L Baird ◽  
Megan A Rebuli ◽  
Gilly A Hendrie ◽  
Astrid AM Poelman
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives: Consumption is driven by children’s sensory acceptance, but little is known about the sensory characteristics of vegetables that children commonly eat. A greater understanding could help design more effective interventions to help raise intakes, thus realising beneficial health effects. This study sought to: (1) Understand the vegetable consumption patterns in children, with and without potatoes, using the Australian and WHO definitions. (2) Describe the sensory characteristics of vegetables consumed by children by age group, level of intake and variety. (3) Determine the vegetable preferences of children, by age group, level of intake and variety. Design: Analysis of National Nutrition Survey data, combining reported vegetable intake with sensory characteristics described by a trained panel. Setting: Australia Participants: A nationally representative sample of Australian children and adolescents aged 2–17·9 years (n 2812). Results: While consumption increased in older age groups, variety remained constant. Greater variety, however, was associated with higher vegetable consumption. Potato intake increased with consumption, contributing over one-third of total vegetable intake for highest vegetable consumption and for older age groups. Children favoured relatively sweet vegetables and reported lower consumption of bitter vegetables. There were no differences in the sensory properties of vegetables consumed by children in different age groups. After potatoes, carrots, sweetcorn, mixtures, fruiting and cruciferous types were preferred vegetables. Conclusion: Children tend to prefer vegetables with sensory characteristics consistent with innate taste preferences (sweet and low bitterness). Increasing exposure to a variety of vegetables may help increase the persistently low vegetable consumption patterns of children.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in a tropical setting: results from a nationally representative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael J Beer ◽  
Oscar F Herrán ◽  
Eduardo Villamor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT Background The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be high in countries with abundant sun exposure year-round, but nationally representative data are lacking. Objective We examined the prevalence and distribution of VDD by individual and environmental characteristics in a nationally representative sample of Colombian children, pregnant women, and adult nonpregnant women. Methods Using the 2015 Colombian National Nutrition Survey, we defined VDD and low vitamin D (LVD) as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] &lt;30 nmol/L and &lt;50 nmol/L, respectively, in 31,841 children aged 1 to &lt;18 y, 1262 pregnant women, and 7170 nonpregnant women aged 18–49 y. Within each group, we compared VDD and LVD prevalence by levels of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and geographic factors using adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CIs from multivariable Poisson regression. Results The mean ± SE 25(OH)D was 65.1 ± 0.4 nmol/L. The prevalence ± SE of VDD and LVD was 3.1% ± 0.3% and 23.9% ± 0.8%, respectively. Pregnant women had the highest VDD prevalence at 6.7% ± 1.5%, whereas toddlers had the highest prevalence of LVD at 42.5% ± 1.8%. Altitude was one of the strongest correlates of VDD and LVD, with every 100 m above sea level related to a 4% increase in LVD prevalence (P &lt;0.0001). Among children, VDD was positively associated with BMI-for-age Z &gt;1 and maternal education. Among pregnant women, VDD was positively related to education. Among adult nonpregnant women, VDD was associated with BMI and household wealth. Conclusion The prevalence of VDD and LVD in Colombian women and children is nonnegligible; some age groups are disproportionately affected. Altitude was a strong predictor of vitamin D status in this tropical setting. VDD was positively related to indicators of higher socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and serious psychological distress is stronger in women than in men: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tomioka ◽  
Midori Shima ◽  
Keigo Saeki
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract Background Higher smoking prevalence in people with serious psychological distress (SPD) is well-recognized. However, gender and age differences in the association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD have not been fully investigated. Methods We used anonymized data from a nationally representative survey in Japan (33,925 men and 37,257 women). SPD was measured using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale and defined as ≥ 13 points. Multiple logistic regression analyses stratified by gender and age-groups (20–44 years, 45–64 years, and ≥ 65 years) were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for SPD. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic confounders including education, equivalent household expenditures, and employment contract, women had a significant association between heavier smoking and more frequent SPD: compared to never-smokers, aORs (95% CIs) of ex-smokers, current light smokers who smoked 1–10 cigarettes per day (CPD), current moderate smokers 11–20 CPD, and current heavy smokers ≥ 21 CPD were 1.22 (0.92–1.63), 1.52 (1.25–1.84), 1.75 (1.46–2.09), and 2.22 (1.59–3.10), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). A significant positive association among women was consistent across all age-groups. Among men, there was no association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD in all age-groups, and only current heavy smokers aged 20–44 years had a significantly higher OR for SPD (aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.02–1.85]) than never-smokers. Conclusions There was a positive association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD only among women, but not among men. For female smokers experiencing mental disorders, there is a need not only to improve mental health services but also to improve smoking-cessation support.

scholarly journals Comparison between household budget survey and 24-hour recall data in a nationally representative sample of Polish households

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Sekula ◽  
M Nelson ◽  
K Figurska ◽  
M Oltarzewski ◽  
R Weisell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Household Budget Survey ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Household Budget ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
24 Hour Recall

AbstractObjectiveHousehold budget survey (HBS) data are used regularly for nutritional epidemiological purposes. The validity of HBS data, however, is not well established. The aim of this project was to compare HBS and individual nutrition survey (INS) data in a nationally representative sample of Polish households.DesignEstimates of food consumption and nutrient intake were compared between household food acquisition data collected over 1 month and a single 24-hour recall collected from every household member in a nationally representative sample of Polish households surveyed between September and November 2000. To facilitate the comparison, INS food consumption data excluded food eaten away from home and were modified using a computer program to estimate food ‘as purchased’ (including disaggregation of recipe data) and to allow for wastage.SettingPoland.SubjectsParticipants were 3716 individuals in 1215 households (representing co-operation rates of 86.2% and 89.2%, respectively).ResultsGood agreement was shown between median estimates of foods such as potatoes, vegetables (including processed), meat, meat products and poultry, and animal fats (excluding butter), but agreement was poor for bread and rolls, fruit, vegetable fats and oils, eggs and six other food groups. Estimates of energy and nutrient intake were within ±10% with the exceptions of polyunsaturated fats, potassium and vitamin C.ConclusionsPossible reasons for differences in findings between the two surveys include survey bias (e.g. social approval bias leading to overreporting of fruit), seasonal variations (e.g. high potato purchases between September and November) and aspects of the methodology (e.g. HBS data were based on records collected over 1 month, whereas 24-hour recall data were based on recalls collected from all household respondents on only 1 day and averaged for each household type). HBSs provide useful data for epidemiological research, but findings need to be interpreted in the light of other data regarding consumption, and numerous factors that may affect consumption need to be taken into account.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Nonlinear Association Between BMI and LDL Cholesterol in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Results from two Nationally Representative Surveys of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibin Li ◽  
Jiahui Ma ◽  
Deqiang Zheng ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Xiuhua Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in middle-aged and older man and women was understudied. We aimed to explore whether there were sex differences in this relationship in a large sample of Chinese adults.Methods: Participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2012) (n=7485) and the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 2009) (n=4788) were cross-sectionally investigated. Generalized additive models with a smooth function for BMI and a smooth-factor interaction for BMI with sex were performed and stratified by age and metabolic syndrome. Segment linear splines regressions were fitted to calculate the slopes with the different breakpoints.Results: Among the 12273 participants aged 45 to 75 years, 5780 (47.1%) were males. The nonlinear relationship between BMI and LDL-C was observed in females and males (P interaction <0.001). The slopes of the BMI and LDL-C association changed (P <0.001) at BMI 22.5 kg/m2 in females and 27.5 kg/m2 in males. Below these BMI breakpoints, LDL-C increased 2.14 (95% CI: 1.42 to 2.86) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.43 to 2.11) mg/dL per kg/m2, respectively. In females, there was a plateau at BMI values of 22.5-27.5 kg/m2, and then gradually increased after a BMI of 27.5 kg/m2. However, LDL-C declined -1.84 (95% CI: -3.01 to -0.66) mg/dL per kg/m2 above BMI of 27.5 kg/m2 in males. The pattern of sex and BMI-LDL-C association was similar in all age groups but modified by the number of metabolic syndrome criteria.Conclusions: The BMI and LDL-C relationship was inverted U-shaped in males and approximately linear in females.

scholarly journals Self-reported diabetes and quality of life: findings from a general population survey with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jankowska ◽  
Dominik Golicki
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Nationally Representative

IntroductionTo compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in subjects with and without self-reported diabetes in a representative sample of the Polish general adult population.Material and methodsMembers of the general Polish population, selected with multi-stage stratified sampling, filled in the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire and answered a question about the diagnosis of diabetes. We estimated four types of outcomes: eight domain scores, physical component (PCS-12) and mental component (MCS-12) summaries, and a measure of overall health status weighted according to societal health preferences – SF-6D. We used multiple linear regression to examine the associations of sociodemographic characteristics with SF-12 summary indices.ResultsAmong 2938 respondents with complete SF-12 data, the prevalence of self-reported diabetes amounted to 8.5% (95%CI 7.5-9.6). Respondents with diabetes differed significantly from non-diabetic subjects in all SF-12 dimensions, with the most significant differences in physical functioning, general health, role physical and bodily pain (differences of means 31.9, 24.9, 24.1 and 22.3 points, respectively). Analysis across age groups showed that diabetes was associated with a mean decrease in PCS-12 and MCS-12 by 4.6 and 1.4 points, respectively. Female sex, advanced age, low education levels and treatment with insulin were independently associated with the impaired physical health of respondents with diabetes.ConclusionsWe provided a consistent description of HRQoL, measured using the SF-12 questionnaire, in subjects with self-reported diabetes and respondents without diabetes in a nationally representative sample of Polish adults. Identifying factors independently associated with worse HRQoL in respondents with diabetes may help healthcare providers target intervention programs more effectively.

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