Dietary Influence on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in the TwinsUK Cohort

Nutrition plays a key role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. Here, we examine associations between nutrient intakes and BP in a large predominantly female population-based cohort. We assessed the correlation between 45 nutrients (from food frequency questionnaires) and systolic BP/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) in 3889 individuals from TwinsUK not on hypertensive treatments and replicated in an independent subset of monozygotic twins discordant for nutrient intake (17–242 pairs). Results from both analyses were meta-analysed. For significant nutrients, we calculated heritability using structural equation modelling. We identified and replicated 15 nutrients associated with SBP, 9 also being associated with DBP, adjusting for covariates and multiple testing. 14 of those had a heritable component (h2: 27.1–57.6%). Strong associations with SBP were observed for riboflavin (Beta(SE) = −1.49(0.38), P = 1.00 × 10−4) and tryptophan (−0.31(0.01), P = 5 × 10−4), while with DBP for alcohol (0.05(0.07), P = 1.00 × 10−4) and lactose (−0.05(0.0), P = 1.3 × 10−3). Two multivariable nutrient scores, combining independently SBP/DBP-associated nutrients, explained 22% of the variance in SBP and 13.6% of the variance in DBP. Moreover, bivariate heritability analysis suggested that nutrients and BP share some genetic influences. We confirm current understanding and extend the panel of dietary nutrients implicated in BP regulation underscoring the value of nutrient focused dietary research in preventing and managing hypertension.

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Examining associations between dietary patterns and metabolic CVD risk factors: a novel use of structural equation modelling

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000556 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (9) ◽

pp. 1586-1597 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Michelle Alessandra Castro ◽

Valéria Troncoso Baltar ◽

Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽

Regina Mara Fisberg

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Cholesterol Ratio ◽

Equation Modelling

AbstractThe association between dietary patterns and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence towards the effects of the overall diet on the complex net of biological inter-relationships between risk factors. This study aimed to derive dietary patterns and examine their associations with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors following a theoretic model for the relationship between them. Participants included 417 adults of both sexes, enrolled to the cross-sectional population-based study performed in Brazil. Body weight, waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio, fasting plasma glucose and serum leptin were evaluated. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls adjusted for the within-person variation of intake. A total of three dietary patterns were derived by exploratory structural equation modelling: ‘Traditional’, ‘Prudent’ and ‘Modern’. The ‘Traditional’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on obesity indicators (serum LEP, body weight and waist circumference) and negative indirect effects on total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio and fasting plasma glucose. The ‘Prudent’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on systolic blood pressure. No association was observed for the ‘Modern’ pattern and metabolic risk factors. In conclusion, the ‘Traditional’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary patterns were negatively associated with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilian adults. Their apparent protective effects against obesity and high blood pressure may be important non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and control of obesity-related metabolic disorders and CVD.

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Maternal first-trimester dietary intake and childhood blood pressure: the Generation R Study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513000676 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (8) ◽

pp. 1454-1464 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Leontine C. L. van den Hil ◽

H. Rob Taal ◽

Layla. L. de Jonge ◽

Denise H. M. Heppe ◽

Eric A. P. Steegers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Later Life ◽

First Trimester ◽

Population Based ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Standard Deviation Increase

Suboptimal maternal dietary intake during pregnancy might lead to fetal cardiovascular adaptations and higher blood pressure in the offspring. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of maternal first-trimester dietary intake with blood pressure in children at the age of 6 years. We assessed first-trimester maternal daily dietary intake by a FFQ and measured folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 concentrations in the blood, in a population-based prospective cohort study among 2863 mothers and children. Childhood systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured using a validated automatic sphygmomanometer. First-trimester maternal daily intake of energy, fat, protein and carbohydrate was not associated with childhood blood pressure. Furthermore, maternal intake of micronutrients was not associated with childhood blood pressure. Also, higher maternal vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with a higher diastolic blood pressure (0·31 mmHg per standard deviation increase in vitamin B12 (95 % CI 0·06, 0·56)). After taking into account multiple testing, none of the associations was statistically significant. Maternal first-trimester folate and homocysteine concentrations were not associated with childhood blood pressure. The results from the present study suggest that maternal Fe intake and vitamin B12 concentrations during the first trimester of pregnancy might affect childhood blood pressure, although the effect estimates were small and were not significant after correction for multiple testing. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to assess whether these differences in blood pressure persist in later life.

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Emergence of Application Based Transportation and its Impacts on Travelling Trends: A Case Study of Lahore

Global Regional Review ◽

10.31703/grr.2020(v-iii).22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V (III) ◽

pp. 214-229

Author(s):

Hammna Jillani ◽

Hesan Zahid ◽

Nosheen Rasool

Keyword(s):

Public Transportation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sharing Economy ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Travel Patterns ◽

Female Population ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

The Social

The urban transportation system impacts the sustainable development of a country. Ride sourcing is a transportation model that operates under the notion of sharing economy. This study attempts to identify the changes in travel patterns of the users, particularly female users and their access to space. Focusing on how for the women in Lahore, the mobility has changed? The data for this research has been collected from passengers and drivers of ride-sourcing in Lahore through structured questionnaires. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to do the econometric analysis of consumers and drivers. Main findings indicate that for females, there is a significant shift in travel patterns from conventional modes (family car, public transportation) towards ride-sourcing. The results indicate that Uber and Careem has improved mobility as women feel secure in ride-sourcing services compared to public transportation. The female population of Lahore have started taking more trips because of car availability. The paper also tries to calculate the carbon emissions of ride-sourcing. The increasing number of cars is contributing to the city's worsening air pollution as the concept of 'one person in one car' prevails. The social impacts are positive, where women have become more mobile and independent because of app-based transportation.

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childhood iq of parents related to characteristics of their offspring: linking the scottish mental survey 1932 to the midspan family study

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932004006923 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 623-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

c. l. hart ◽

i. j. deary ◽

g. davey smith ◽

m. n. upton ◽

l. j. whalley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Social Class ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Family Study ◽

Mental Ability ◽

Men And Women ◽

Car Use ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

The Relationship

the objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between childhood iq of parents and characteristics of their adult offspring. it was a prospective family cohort study linked to a mental ability survey of the parents and set in renfrew and paisley in scotland. participants were 1921-born men and women who took part in the scottish mental survey in 1932 and the renfrew/paisley study in the 1970s, and whose offspring took part in the midspan family study in 1996. there were 286 offspring from 179 families. parental iq was related to some, but not all characteristics of offspring. greater parental iq was associated with taller offspring. parental iq was inversely related to number of cigarettes smoked by offspring. higher parental iq was associated with better education, offspring social class and offspring deprivation category. there were no significant relationships between parental iq and offspring systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, lung function, weight, body mass index, waist hip ratio, housing, alcohol consumption, marital status, car use and exercise. structural equation modelling showed parental iq associated with offspring education directly and mediated via parental social class. offspring education was associated with offspring smoking and social class. the smoking finding may have implications for targeting of health education.

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Environmental Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chinese Adolescent Monozygotic Twins

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae twin research ◽

10.1017/s0001566000005821 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 375-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.J. Chen ◽

B.H. Cohen ◽

E.L. Diamond ◽

T.M. Lin ◽

J.S. Chen

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Control Method ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Population Based ◽

Negative Association ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Chinese Adolescent ◽

Taipei City ◽

Fried Foods ◽

Males And Females

AbstractThe monozygotic (MZ) cotwin control method was employed to elucidate possible environmental determinants of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A population-based twin sample of 73 male and 77 females MZ twin pairs was recruited from 12 junior high schools in Taipei city. Intrapair differences in blood pressure were negatively associated with intrapair difference in vegetable preference, attaining significance for DBP in males and SBP in females. Cholesterol was positively associated with milk consumption and preference for sweets, fried foods, meat and fish. A negative association was also observed between choleserol and vegetable preference. These associations for cholesterol were significant in males only. Triglyceride level negatively associated with preferences for sweets and vegetable, attaining significance for vegetables in both males and females and for sweets in males only.

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Population based study on serum ionised calcium, serum parathyroid hormone, and blood pressure. The Tromso study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1410350 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 350-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

R Jorde ◽

KH Bonaa ◽

J Sundsfjord

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Female Population ◽

Ionised Calcium ◽

Serum Pth

OBJECTIVE: To study associations between serum ionised calcium, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and blood pressure. DESIGN: A population based, cross-sectional study was used.Methods: Blood pressure, body mass index, serum ionised calcium and serum PTH were measured in 460 males and 486 females in the Tromso study in 1994/1995. None were on medication for hypertension. The data were analysed with a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: When looking at subjects with serum ionised calcium<1.39mmol/l, there was a significant negative association (P<0.01) between serum ionised calcium and PTH. There was no association between blood pressure and serum ionised calcium. In both sexes there was a significant positive association between age and serum PTH (P<0.01). For women, but not for men, there was a significant positive association between serum PTH and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01). Within each age group there was a difference in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 3-10mmHg between the upper and lower serum PTH halves of the female population. Females with hypertension had significantly higher serum PTH levels than the normotensive females (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Serum PTH is strongly and positively associated with blood pressure in women.

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The effect of known cardiovascular risk factors on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in school-aged children: a population based twin study

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174414000282 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 307-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. McCloskey ◽

C. Sun ◽

A. Pezic ◽

J. Cochrane ◽

R. Morley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Population Based

Childhood cardiovascular risk factors affect vascular function long before overt cardiovascular disease. Twin studies provide a unique opportunity to examine the influence of shared genetic and environmental influences on childhood cardiovascular function. We examined the relationship between birth parameters, markers of adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profile and blood pressure and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a validated non-invasive measure of arterial stiffness in a healthy cohort of school-aged twin children.PWV was performed on a population-based birth cohort of 147 twin pairs aged 7–11 years. Fasting blood samples, blood pressure and adiposity measures were collected concurrently. Mixed linear regression models were used to account for twin clustering, within- and between-twin pair associations.There were positive associations between both markers of higher adiposity, insulin resistance, elevated triglycerides and PWV, which remained significant after accounting for twin birth-set clustering. There was a positive association between both diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and PWV in within-pair analysis in dizygotic, but not monozygotic twins, indicating genetic differences evident in dizygotic not monozygotic twins may affect these associations.Increased blood pressure, triglycerides and other metabolic markers are associated with increased PWV in school-aged twins. These results support both the genetic and environmental contribution to higher PWV, as a marker of arterial stiffness, and reiterate the importance of preventing metabolic syndrome from childhood.

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Back–neck pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a population-based twin study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291702005950 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1009-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

T. REICHBORN-KJENNERUD ◽

C. STOLTENBERG ◽

K. TAMBS ◽

E. ROYSAMB ◽

E. KRINGLEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Neck Pain ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Phenotypic Correlation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Equation Modelling

Background. Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown an association between anxiety and depression and pain in the back and neck. The nature of this relationship is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which common genetic and environmental aetiological factors contribute to the covariance between symptoms of anxiety and depression and back–neck pain.Methods. Measures of back–neck pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression were part of a self-report questionnaire sent in 1992 to twins born in Norway between 1967 and 1974 (3996 pairs). Structural equation modelling was applied to determine to what extent back–neck pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression share genetic and environmental liability factors.Results. The phenotypic correlation between symptoms of anxiety and depression and back–neck pain was 0.31. Individual differences in both anxiety and depression and back–neck pain were best accounted for by additive genetic and individual environmental factors. Heritability estimates were 0.53 and 0.30 respectively. For back–neck pain, however, a model specifying only shared- and individual environmental effects could not be rejected. Bivariate analyses revealed that the correlation between back–neck pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression was best explained by additive genetic and individual environmental factors. Genetic factors affecting both phenotypes accounted for 60% of the covariation. There were no significant sex differences.Conclusion. The results support previous findings of a moderate association between back–neck pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and suggest that this association is primarily due to common genetic effects.

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