Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Alcohol is widely consumed and is known as a major risk factor for several types of cancers. Yet, it is unclear whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) or not. We conducted linear and non-linear dose–response meta-analyses of cohort studies on alcohol consumption and PCa risk by types of alcohol (total, wine, beer, and liquor) and PCa (non-aggressive and aggressive). Pubmed and Embase were searched through April 2020 to identify relevant studies. Summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. For non-aggressive PCa, by alcohol type, the risk increased linearly with liquor (RR per 14 g/day intake (alcohol content in standard drink) being 1.04 (95% CI = 1.02–1.06, I2 = 0%, three studies) and non-linearly with beer (Pnon-linearity = 0.045, four studies), with increased risk observed in the lower range (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05; 14 g/day), with 1.05 (95% CI = 1.01–1.08) at 28 g/day. Wine was not significantly associated with the risk of non-aggressive PCa. For aggressive PCa, a non-linear relationship of diverse shapes was indicated for all types of alcohol in the sensitivity analysis. Compared to non-drinking, a significant positive association was more apparent at lower dose for liquor (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04–1.20 at 14 g/day; RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03–1.31 at 28 g/day; Pnon-linearity = 0.005, three studies) but at higher doses for wine (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.90–1.16 at 28 g/day, RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.08–1.67 at 56 g/day; Pnon-linearity = 0.01, four studies). In contrast, decreased risks were indicated at lower doses of beer (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79–0.92 at 14 g/day; RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70–0.90 at 28 g/day, Pnon-linearity < 0.001, four studies). Total alcohol consumption was not associated with both types of PCa. In this study, we found heterogeneous associations between alcohol intake and PCa by types of alcohol and PCa.

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Alcohol consumption and incidence of prostate cancer among Chinese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research ◽

10.7895/ijadr.263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 12-28

Author(s):

Jinhui Zhao ◽

Di Gao ◽

Yanhui Li ◽

Tim Stockwell ◽

Jun Ma

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Dose Response ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chinese Language ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Chinese People ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Meta Analyses

Aims: Meta-analyses have suggested a dose-response relationship between level of alcohol use and risk of prostate cancer, but the populations in the included studies are predominantly Caucasian. Many Chinese language studies have not been included in published reviews and/or meta-analyses. The present meta–analysis accessed research reports in both English and Chinese language sources in order to investigate this relationship specifically among Chinese people. Methods: Searches in five large Chinese biomedical bibliographic databases were made for case–control and cohort studies of alcohol consumption and prostate cancer incidence and death (ICD–10: C61) up to May 2017. Studies were coded for design, outcome, drinker and non-drinkers, extent of control for confounding and other study characteristics. Mixed models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) of incidence or death from prostate cancer due to alcohol consumption with study level controls for designs, drinker bias and types of drinkers. Findings: A total of 415 studies were identified of which 25 (20 in Chinese from five Chinese databases and 5 in English from published meta-analyses) satisfied inclusion criteria providing 36 risk estimates of prostate cancer for drinkers versus non-drinkers. There was a total of 36 OR estimates; 27 using patients as controls and 9 using healthy people. Nine studies (14 OR estimates) specified reference abstainers as “never drank” or “no drinking”. Adjusted RR estimates indicated a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer among drinkers (RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.40 – 1.52, t-test P<0.001) compared to non-drinkers. Dose-response relationships (t-test P<0.001) were evident in three studies that assessed level of alcohol intake. Conclusions: There is a significantly higher risk of prostate cancer incidence among Chinese drinkers than non-drinkers, with some evidence of a dose-response relationship. However, almost all the identified studies suffered from former and/or occasional drinker biases. Few studies had adequate measures of level of alcohol intake and further well-designed studies are required.

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Egg intake and cancers of the breast, ovary and prostate: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515002135 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (7) ◽

pp. 1099-1107 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

N. Keum ◽

D. H. Lee ◽

N. Marchand ◽

H. Oh ◽

H. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Dose Response ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Egg Consumption ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prostate Cancers ◽

Summary Relative Risk

Evidence suggests that egg intake may be implicated in the aetiology of sex hormone-related cancers. However, dose–response relationships between egg intake and such cancers are unclear. Thus, we conducted a dose–response meta-analysis to summarise the dose–response relationships between egg consumption and the risk of breast, prostate and gynaecological cancers. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase up to April 2015 to identify relevant prospective observational studies. Summary relative risk (RR) and 95 % CI were estimated using a random-effects model. For breast cancer, the linear dose–response meta-analysis found a non-significantly increased risk (RR for an increase of 5 eggs consumed/week: 1·05, 95 % CI 0·99, 1·11, n 16 023 cases). Evidence for non-linearity was not statistically significant (Pnon-linearity= 0·50, n 15 415 cases) but consuming ≥ 5 eggs/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer compared with no egg consumption, with the summary RR being 1·04 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·07) for consuming 5 eggs/week and 1·09 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·15) for consuming about 9 eggs/week. For other cancers investigated, the summary RR for an increase of 5 eggs consumed/week was 1·09 (95 % CI 0·96, 1·24, n 2636 cases) for ovarian cancer; 1·47 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·14, n 609 cases) for fatal prostate cancer, with evidence of small-study effects (PEgger= 0·04). No evidence was found for an association with the risk of total prostate cancer. While our conclusion was tempered by the potential for publication bias and confounding, high egg intake may be associated with a modestly elevated risk of breast cancer, and a positive association between egg intake and ovarian and fatal prostate cancers cannot be ruled out.

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Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17218079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 8079

Author(s):

Yoon-Jung Choi ◽

Joel M. Moskowitz ◽

Seung-Kwon Myung ◽

Yi-Ryoung Lee ◽

Yun-Chul Hong

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cellular Phone ◽

Case Control ◽

International Agency ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Tumor Risk ◽

Increased Risk

We investigated whether cellular phone use was associated with increased risk of tumors using a meta-analysis of case-control studies. PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to July 2018. The primary outcome was the risk of tumors by cellular phone use, which was measured by pooling each odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In a meta-analysis of 46 case-control studies, compared with never or rarely having used a cellular phone, regular use was not associated with tumor risk in the random-effects meta-analysis. However, in the subgroup meta-analysis by research group, there was a statistically significant positive association (harmful effect) in the Hardell et al. studies (OR, 1.15—95% CI, 1.00 to 1.33— n = 10), a statistically significant negative association (beneficial effect) in the INTERPHONE-related studies (case-control studies from 13 countries coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); (OR, 0.81—95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89—n = 9), and no statistically significant association in other research groups’ studies. Further, cellular phone use with cumulative call time more than 1000 h statistically significantly increased the risk of tumors. This comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies found evidence that linked cellular phone use to increased tumor risk.

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Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268810000774 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (12) ◽

pp. 1789-1795 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

A. V. SAMOKHVALOV ◽

H. M. IRVING ◽

J. REHM

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Increased Risk

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to quantify the association between alcohol consumption and incidence of pneumonia and to examine possible pathways. This was done by a systematic review and meta-analyses on the dose–response relationship between alcohol consumption or alcohol-use disorders and the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The relative risk (RR) of CAP increased monotonically with increasing alcohol consumption. Individuals consuming 24, 60, and 120 g of pure alcohol daily demonstrated RRs for incident CAP of 1·12 (95% CI 1·02–1·23), 1·33 (95% CI 1·06–1·67) and 1·76 (95% CI 1·13–2·77), respectively, relative to non-drinkers. Clinically defined alcohol-use disorders were associated with an eightfold increased risk of CAP (RR 8·22, 95% CI 4·85–13·95). In conclusion, alcohol was found to be a risk factor for pneumonia with a clear statistical association, and a monotonic dose–response relationship.

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Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2342 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Federica Turati ◽

Carlotta Galeone ◽

Livia S. A. Augustin ◽

Carlo La Vecchia

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Positive Association ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses

Diets high in glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been related to an increased risk of selected cancers, but additional quantification is required. We updated a systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2015 to May 2019 to provide quantitative information on GI/GL and cancer risk. Relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the highest versus the lowest categories of GI and GL were extracted from selected studies and pooled using random-effects models. Twenty reports (>22,000 cancer cases) have become available after January 2015, and 15 were added to the meta-analyses by cancer sites, which considered a total of 88 investigations. The five additional reports were reviewed, but not included in the meta-analyses, since data were inadequate to be pooled. For hormone-related cancers, summary RRs for the highest versus lowest GI and GL intakes were moderately increased. They ranged from 1.04 (breast) to 1.12 (endometrium) for GI and from 1.03 (prostate) to 1.22 (ovary) for GL, of borderline significance. High GI was associated with small increased risks of colorectal (summary RR for GI: 1.20, 95% CI, 1.07–1.34—GL: 1.09, 95% CI, 0.97–1.22, 19 studies), bladder (GI: 1.25, 95% CI, 1.11–1.41—GL: 1.10, 95% CI, 0.85–1.42, four studies) and kidney cancers (GI: 1.16, 95% CI, 1.02–1.32—GL: 1.14, 95% CI, 0.81–1.60, five studies). GL was not significantly related to those cancer sites. Stomach, prostate and lung cancers were not associated with GI and GL. The present analysis, based on an updated comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiological literature, indicates moderate unfavorable effects of high versus low GI on colorectal, and possibly bladder and kidney cancers, and a possible moderate positive association between GL and endometrial cancer.

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Positive Association of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) with Chronic Exposure to Drinking Water Arsenic (As) at Concentrations below the WHO Provisional Guideline Value: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17072536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2536 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lingqian Xu ◽

Debapriya Mondal ◽

David A. Polya

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Dose Response ◽

Linear Models ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Guideline Value

To the best of our knowledge, a dose-response meta-analysis of the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arsenic (As) exposure at drinking water As concentrations lower than the WHO provisional guideline value (10 µg/L) has not been published yet. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to estimate the pooled association between the relative risk of each CVD endpoint and low-level As concentration in drinking water both linearly and non-linearly using a random effects dose-response model. In this study, a significant positive association was found between the risks of most CVD outcomes and drinking water As concentration for both linear and non-linear models (p-value for trend < 0.05). Using the preferred linear model, we found significant increased risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and CVD mortality as well as combined fatal and non-fatal CHD, CVD, carotid atherosclerosis disease and hypertension in those exposed to drinking water with an As concentration of 10 µg/L compared to the referent (drinking water As concentration of 1 µg/L) population. Notwithstanding limitations included, the observed significant increased risks of CVD endpoints arising from As concentrations in drinking water between 1 µg/L and the 10 µg/L suggests further lowering of this guideline value should be considered.

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The Dose-Response Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Asian Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/1032049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Manman Han

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Asian Men

The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the literature on the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asian populations, particularly men. The present study was recorded in PROSPERO as CRD 42019121073. We searched the PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published in any language since the database inception to January 2019. Prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for random-effects models and dose-response meta-analyses. In total, 8 prospective cohort studies were included. High alcohol intake was significantly associated with increased risk of T2D (RR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.29; Q statistic p=0.326) compared to the lowest category of alcohol intake. Nonlinear association was observed between alcohol consumption and T2D risk in men (p=0.003). Dose-wise, consuming ≤57 g/day of alcohol was not associated with the risk of T2D in this study; however, alcohol intake >57 g/day was associated with increased risk of T2D in men. Overall, the association between alcohol consumption and T2D among Asian men was J-shaped. Lifestyle recommendations for prevention of T2D should include advice on limiting alcohol intake. This trial is registered with Prospero registration: CRD 42019121073.

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Dioxins Exposure and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.5812/jjhs.116516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nematollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi ◽

Amal Saki Malehi ◽

Zeinab Ghaedrahmat

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Positive Association ◽

Great Distance ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Increased Risk

Context: Dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals composed of 419 compounds are a large group of compounds, including polychlorinated di-benzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs). Dioxins are extremely persistent in the environment and disperse in a great distance from the emission source, and bioaccumulation in the food chain is one of their critical properties. The incidence of breast cancer among Iranian women is about 30 to 35 per 100,000 cases. The present study is a systematic review of published studies in English language to discover the relationship between exposure to dioxin compounds and breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review utilizing PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and ISI web of science databases. The MeSH-based keywords used included Organic Chemical (MeSH) OR Dioxins (MeSH) AND cancer (MeSH) OR Breast cancer (MeSH) AND Breast disease (MeSH). Results: The review of the literature indicated a significant positive association between dioxins exposure and the risk of breast cancer. Only in one study, breast cancer mortality rate was reported in terms of exposure to dioxins, and standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were determined. Conclusions: Although there were limitations in this study, statistical analyses in various epidemiological studies demonstrated that dioxins exposure is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.

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Light Alcohol Drinking and the Risk of Cancer Development: A Controversial Relationship

Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials ◽

10.2174/1574887115666200628143015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 164-177

Author(s):

Giuseppe G. Caprio ◽

Desiree Picascia ◽

Marcello Dallio ◽

Pietro P. Vitiello ◽

Emilio F. Giunta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Drinking ◽

Protective Role ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

Role Of Light

Background: In accordance with the scientific literature heavy alcohol consumption (>50g per day) represents a risk factor for several diseases development, including cancer. However, the oncogenic role of light alcohol drinking (<12.5g per day) is still unknown. Objective: To assess the scientific knowledge about light alcohol consumption and the risk of malignancy onset. Methods: To collect the scientific evidences regarding this topic the keywords “light alcohol drinking”, “light alcohol consumption” and “cancer”, were used. Papers published during the last 15 years were analyzed, in order to select the most recent evidence. Meta-analyses with well-defined levels of alcohol intake were included in the present review. Other studies that focused on biochemical, molecular and genetic aspects, as well as duplicate articles, were excluded. : Furthermore, a possible protective role of light alcohol consumption on the development of bladder, kidney and ovarian cancer and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma was observed. Results: Twenty-nine large, meta-analyses were included in this review. Light alcohol drinking was not associated with an increased risk of cancer occurrence, with the exception of breast and prostate cancer and melanoma. Conclusion: Light alcohol drinking was not associated with the development of several malignancies, except for a light increase of melanoma, breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

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Serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies of over a million participants

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-019-1215-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Fatemeh Rahimi-Sakak ◽

Mahsa Maroofi ◽

Jamal Rahmani ◽

Nick Bellissimo ◽

Azita Hekmatdoost

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Dose Response ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Some studies have suggested anassociation between serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular mortality; however, the results have not been summarized in a meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive search of all related studies until April 2018was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases DerSimonianand Laird random-effects models were used to combine hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dose-response analysis was also carried out. Results Thirty-two studies containing forty-four arms with 1,134,073 participants reported association between uric acid and risk of CVD mortality were included in our analysis. Pooled results showed a significant positive association between uric acid levels and risk of CVD mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.33–1.58, I2 = 79%). Sub-group analysis showed this relationshipwasstronger in women compared to men. Moreover, there was a significant non-linear association between uric acid levels and the risk of CVD mortality (r = 0.0709, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our analysis indicates a positive dose-response association between SUA and CVD mortality risk.

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