Pathological Preoccupation with Healthy Eating (Orthorexia Nervosa) in a Spanish Sample with Vegetarian, Vegan, and Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) has been defined as an obsessive and pathological attitude towards healthy nutrition. The aim of this study was to compare individuals who followed a vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diet in terms of ON behaviors and to examine their prime motivations, attitudes, and behaviors towards food. The Spanish version of the ORTO-15 test — ORTO-11-ES — and the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ-SP) were used with a demographic questionnaire in an online survey disseminated among the social networks of different vegetarian associations and the general population. Of 466 individuals, 55% followed an omnivore diet, 23.5% were vegetarian and 21.7% were vegan. Results revealed relationships between type of diet and FCQ-SP dimensions for: health and natural content (H = 8.7, p < 0.05), sensory appeal (H = 11.4, p < 0.01), weight control (H = 40.4, p < 0.01), and familiarity (H = 37.3, p < 0.01). Our results confirm the findings of recent studies showing that individuals who follow a vegan or vegetarian diet are more likely to develop a pathological preoccupation with healthy eating versus omnivores. Further studies are required to determine the potential lines of action for the prevention of ON.

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The Social Construction of a Concept—Orthorexia Nervosa: Morality Narratives and Psycho-Politics

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732320911364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1101-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alison Fixsen ◽

Anna Cheshire ◽

Michelle Berry

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Social Construction ◽

Weight Management ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Social Influences ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

The Social ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Management Professionals

Our article explores orthorexia nervosa (ON)—an extreme fixation with healthy eating—from a social construction perspective. Interviews with people self-identified as “obsessed” with healthy eating or having ON (“Identifiers”) and nonmedical professionals working with ON (“Professionals”) were comparatively analyzed, along with orthorexia threads from an eating disorder website (“Posters”). Participants made sense of and rationalized their attitudes and feelings concerning healthy eating and aligned themselves according to their interests. Identifiers and Posters applauded “healthy eating” and regarded consumption of “impure” foods as leading to ill-health. Some framed their dietary discipline within an ethically motivated lifestyle, while others were preoccupied with appearance or weight management. Professionals expressed concern for, and disapproval of, extreme views and behaviors in clients and parental and social influences supporting them. Debates surrounding orthorexic practices are tangled; some individuals need help, yet dangers lie in over medicalizing or “troubling” what may be a preferred lifestyle.

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Is Vegetarianism Related to Anxio-Depressive Symptomatology? A Cross-Sectional Survey in A Large French Sample

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97484/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laurent Bègue ◽

Rebecca Shankland

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

City Size ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Social ◽

Reported Health ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Objective. Many studies indicate a link between vegetarianism and mental health, but the relationship remains uncertain. The aim of the present study is to examine the cross-sectional association between anxio-depressive symptomatology, happiness, and vegetarianism in a French sample while controlling for relevant confounders. Design. Self-reported questionnaire data were obtained from a large cross-sectional sample.Participants and setting. 9993 participants aged 18-99, 70.8% females participated in an online survey. Results. A logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) of anxiety, depression, happiness, and self-reported health to predict vegetarian diet, controlling for age, gender, BMI, educational level, monthly income, and city size. Vegetarians did not present an increased risk of anxiety or depression. However, they reported lower happiness than did non-vegetarians, and exhibited better self-reported health than did omnivores. Conclusion. Vegetarian diet was not found to be related to anxiety or depressive symptoms. However, vegetarians presented lower levels of happiness. This result may be interpreted as a consequence of the social status of vegetarianism in France.

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Orthorexia Nervosa and Substance Use for the Purposes of Weight Control, Conformity, and Emotional Coping

10.21203/rs.3.rs-283732/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Crystal D. Oberle ◽

Haley S. Marcell ◽

Natalie A. Noebel

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Weight Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Emotional Coping ◽

And Coping

Abstract Purpose: Orthorexia nervosa (ON), characterized by extreme behaviors driven by the goal of eating only healthy and pure foods, could plausibly be associated with avoidance of nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drugs. However, findings from the limited research on these relationships are mixed, and other eating disorders are associated with greater substance abuse. Method: An online survey was completed by 471 participants (86% women, mean age = 20) recruited from undergraduate courses and through an Instagram advertisement. The questionnaires assessed ON symptomatology; frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use; abuse of these substances; and motivations for using these substances. Results: ON scores were not significantly related to the level of use or abuse of nicotine, alcohol, or most illicit drugs. Yet, ON scores were positively correlated with frequency of using illicit depressant drugs. Further, among substance users, ON scores were positively associated with smoking or vaping for the purpose of weight control, and with consuming alcohol and using illicit drugs for the purposes of conformity and coping with such negative emotions as anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Although people who are high in ON symptomatology may be at least partly driven by a strong desire to be as healthy as possible, they are not less likely to use potentially harmful drugs. Instead, many of them may even turn to certain drugs for the same weight-control and emotional-coping motives that guide the behaviors of individuals with other eating disorders.Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study

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The Fear of COVID-19 Familial Infection Scale: Initial Psychometric Examination

10.31234/osf.io/edwta ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yael Mayer ◽

Shir Etgar ◽

Noga Shiffman ◽

Ido Lurie

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Online Survey ◽

Health Impact ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Demographic Questionnaire ◽

The Social ◽

Two Factors ◽

Familial Infection ◽

Fear And Anxiety

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has not only a physical health impact but also a psychological toll, which is associated with the social isolation and emotional contagion of fear and anxiety. One of the main factors which influence the increased levels of stress is the fear of COVID-19, and specifically the fear of being infected, and of transmitting the virus to one’s family and friends. In this study, a new measure named “The Fear of COVID-19 Familial Infection Scale” (FCFI) is suggested, and its psychometric properties are tested. Methods: A sample of 582 participants filled an online survey; of those, 393 (67.5%) were healthcare workers. Of the healthcare workers, 218 (37.5%) were medical doctors, 46 (7.9%) were nurses, and 117 (20.1%) were other healthcare professionals. Participants filled out a demographic questionnaire, The FCFI, the Fear of the COVID-19 scale, and the Depression and Anxiety Scale (DASS-21). Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the FCFI has two factors: Fear of infecting others, and Perception of Others’ fear of being infected by me. This bidimensional model accounts for 69.5% of the variance in the FCFI. The two subscales had good reliability and high convergence validity as indicated by its correlations with being exposed to COVID-19, fear of COVID-19 and the DASS-21 subscales. Conclusion: The FCFI has initial good psychometric properties and could be a useful tool to assess levels of fear of COVID-19 familial infection.

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Are the Motives for Food Choices Different in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 697 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Julia Depa ◽

Juan Barrada ◽

María Roncero

Keyword(s):

Affect Regulation ◽

Food Choice ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Weight Control ◽

Food Choices ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Main Motive ◽

Food Choice Motives ◽

Maladaptive Eating

Recent research points to the bidimensional nature of orthorexia, with one dimension related to interest in healthy eating (healthy orthorexia) and another dimension related to a pathological preoccupation with eating healthily (orthorexia nervosa). Research was needed to provide further support for this differentiation. We examined the food-choice motives related to both aspects of orthorexia. Participants were 460 students from a Spanish university who completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale and the Food Choice Questionnaire. By means of structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationship between orthorexia, food-choice motives, gender, body mass index, and age. The motives predicting food choices in orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia were quite different. In the case of orthorexia nervosa, the main motive was weight control, with sensorial appeal and affect regulation also showing significant associations. For healthy orthorexia, the main motive was health content, with sensorial appeal and price also showing significant associations. This supports the hypothesis that orthorexia nervosa is associated with maladaptive eating behavior motived more by weight control than by health concerns.

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MOTIVES UNDERLYING HEALTHY EATING: USING THE FOOD CHOICE QUESTIONNAIRE TO EXPLAIN VARIATION IN DIETARY INTAKE

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932098001655 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 165-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

TESSA M. POLLARD ◽

ANDREW STEPTOE ◽

JANE WARDLE

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽

Food Choice ◽

Weight Control ◽

Red Meat ◽

Ethical Concern ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ethical Concerns

The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), which measures the reported importance to a given individual of nine factors underlying food choice, and a food frequency questionnaire, were administered to 241 participants, who were also required to classify their diet as either 'standard', 'low in red meat' or 'vegetarian'. Respondents describing their diet as low in red meat attributed greater importance to health, natural content, weight control and ethical concern in their food choice than did those who described their diets as standard, whereas vegetarians differed significantly from those with a standard diet only on the score for ethical concern. Differences between men and women and between students and non-students in the frequency of consumption of a number of foods were shown to be mediated by differences in the importance attached to FCQ factors. Thus the generally healthier diets of women compared to men appeared to be accounted for by the greater importance attributed by women to weight control, natural content and ethical concerns.

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Social marketing-based interventions to promote healthy nutrition behaviors: a systematic review protocol

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01625-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azam Doustmohammadian ◽

Marjan Bazhan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Social Marketing ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Weight Status ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

The Social ◽

Healthy Eating Behaviors

Abstract Background Diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing worldwide and constitute one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Improving population diets can play an important role in preventing and managing the diseases. Effective and efficient interventions are needed to promote healthy eating behaviors among people. The objective of this review will be to evaluate the effectiveness of social marketing-based interventions to promote healthy nutrition behaviors. Method The following electronic databases will be searched from January 1990 onwards: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We will include randomized and non-randomized trials, quasi-experimental studies, observational studies (e.g., cohort, cross-sectional, and before and after studies) evaluating the social marketing-based intervention. The primary outcomes will be nutritional behaviors. Secondary outcomes will include the quality of life, nutritional status, and weight status. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., age, sex, and socio-economic condition). Discussion This study will summarize the evidence regarding the interventions’ components, implementation methods, and effectiveness of interventions based on the social marketing framework to promote healthy nutrition behaviors. This review can provide policymakers with the information needed to make decisions and plan to promote healthy eating behaviors and understand the factors influencing the implementation of these programs. Systematic review registration CRD42020163972

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Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000459 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 202-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Karl Andriessen ◽

Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽

Julie Cerel ◽

Myfanwy Maple

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Online Survey ◽

Research Priorities ◽

Future Research ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Intercultural Collaboration ◽

The Social ◽

The Future ◽

Suicide Bereavement ◽

Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

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Popularitas Tari Piring sebagai Identitas Budaya Minangkabau

Panggung ◽

10.26742/panggung.v23i3.141 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Indrayuda

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Life Style ◽

Social Life ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

Cultural Life ◽

The People ◽

The Social ◽

West Sumatra ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Origin Area

ABSTRACTÂ This article aims to explain the existence of Tari Piring dance as a culture identity of Minang- kabau people, both the people who live in the origin area and outside the area. Tari Piring dance is a traditional cultural heritage of Minangkabau people which is used and preserved by Minangkabau people in their life so that it becomes culture identity of Minangkabau people. As the identity of Minangkabau people, Piring dance is able to express attitudes and behaviors as well as the charac- teristics of Minangkabau people. The dance can serve as a reflection of social and cultural life style of Minangkabau society. Through Tari Piring performance, the outsider can understand Minangkabau people and their culture. Tari Piring, therefore, is getting more adhere to the social life of Minang- kabau people in West Sumatra and in the regions overseas. In the spirit of togetherness, Minang- kabau society preserves the existence of Piring dance as the identity and cultural heritage up to the present time.Â Keywords: Piring Dance, Minangkabau cultureÂ Â ABSTRAKÂ Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keberadaan Tari Piring sebagai identitas bu- daya masyarakat Minangkabau, baik yang berada di daerah asal maupun di daerah peran- tauan. Tari Piring merupakan warisan budaya tradisional masyarakat Minangkabau yang digunakan dan dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Minangkabau dalam kehidupannya sehingga menjadi identitas budaya Minangkabau. Sebagai jati diri masyarakat Minangkabau, Tari Piring mampu mengungkapkan sikap dan prilaku serta karakteristik orang Minangkabau. Tari Piring dapat berperan sebagai cerminan dari corak kehidupan sosial budaya masyara- kat Minangkabau. Melalui pertunjukan Tari Piring, masyarakat luar dapat memahami orang Minangkabau dan budayanya. Oleh karena itu, sampai saat ini Tari Piring semakin melekat dengan kehidupan sosial masyarakat Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat maupun di daerah perantauan. Dengan semangat kebersamaan, masyarakat Minangkabau mampu mempertahankan keberadaan Tari Piring sebagai identitas dan warisan budayanya hingga masa kini.Â Kata kunci : Tari Piring, budaya Minangkabau

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Quality of Life of Brazilian Vegetarians Measured by the WHOQOL-BREF: Influence of Type of Diet, Motivation and Sociodemographic Data

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2648

Author(s):

Shila Minari Hargreaves ◽

Eduardo Yoshio Nakano ◽

Heesup Han ◽

António Raposo ◽

Antonio Ariza-Montes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

The Other ◽

Average Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Domain 3 ◽

Domain 4

This study aimed to evaluate the general quality of life (QoL) of Brazilian vegetarians. A cross-sectional study was conducted with Brazilian vegetarian adults (18 years old and above). Individuals were recruited to participate in a nationwide online survey that comprised the WHOQOL-BREF as well as sociodemographic and characterization questions related to vegetarianism. The WHOQOL-BREF is composed of 24 items which are divided into four domains (domain 1: physical health; domain 2: psychological well-being; domain 3: social relationships; and domain 4: environment), plus two general items which were analyzed separately, totaling 26 items. The answers from the questionnaire were converted into scores with a 0–100 scale range, with separate analyses for each domain. Results were compared among groups based on the different characteristics of the vegetarian population. A total of 4375 individuals completed the survey. General average score results were 74.67 (domain 1), 66.71 (domain 2), 63.66 (domain 3) and 65.76 (domain 4). Vegans showed better scores when compared to the other vegetarians, except in domain four, where the statistical difference was observed only for semi-vegetarians (lower score). Individuals adopting a vegetarian diet for longer (>1 year) showed better results for domains one and two, with no difference for the other domains. Having close people also adopting a vegetarian diet positively influenced the results for all domains. On the other hand, it was not possible to distinguish any clear influence of the motivation for adopting a vegetarian diet on the scores’ results. Adopting a vegetarian diet does not have detrimental effects on one’s QoL. In fact, the more plant-based the diet, and the longer it was adopted, the better the results were.

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