scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Aneta Sokal ◽  
Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja ◽  
Jacek Tabarkiewicz ◽  
Rafał Filip
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The World

According to the available data, environmental pollution is a serious problem all over the world. Between 2015 and 2016, pollution was responsible for approximately nine million deaths worldwide. They also include endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland. They are characterized by high persistence in the environment. These substances can enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, as well as contact with the skin and overcome the placental barrier. EDC can be found in food, water, and personal care products. They can get into food from the environment and as a result of their migration to food products and cosmetics from packaging. EDCs can disrupt the functioning of the thyroid gland through a number of mechanisms, including disrupting the activation of thyroid receptors and the expression of genes that are related to the metabolism, synthesis, and transport of thyroid hormones (HT). There is a need to strengthen the food safety policy that aimed at the use of appropriate materials in direct contact with food. At the same time, an important action is to reduce the production of all waste and, when possible, use biodegradable packaging, which may contribute to the improvement of the quality of the entire ecosystem and the health of food, thus reducing the risk of developing thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals OctylPhenol (OP) Alone and in Combination with NonylPhenol (NP) Alters the Structure and the Function of Thyroid Gland of the Lizard Podarcis siculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Sciarrillo ◽  
Mariana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Salvatore Valiante ◽  
Luigi Rosati ◽  
Maria De Falco
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Podarcis Siculus ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
By Products

Abstract Different environmental contaminants disturb the thyroid system at many levels. AlkylPhenols (APs), by-products of microbial degradation of AlkylPhenol Polyethoxylates (APEOs), constitute an important class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), the two most often used environmental APs being 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the thyroid gland of the bioindicator Podarcis siculus of OP alone and in combination with NP. We used radioimmunoassay to determine their effects on plasma 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 3,3′,5,5′-L-thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) levels in adult male lizards. We also investigated the impacts of AP treatments on hepatic 5′ORD (type II) deiodinase and hepatic content of T3 and T4. After OP and OP + NP administration, TRH levels increased, whereas TSH, T3, and T4 levels decreased. Lizards treated with OP and OP + NP had a higher concentration of T3 in the liver and 5′ORD (type II) activity, whereas T4 concentrations were lower than that observed in the control group. Moreover, histological examination showed that the volume of the thyroid follicles became smaller in treated lizards suggesting that that thyroid follicular epithelial cells were not functionally active following treatment. This data collectively suggest a severe interference with hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis and a systemic imbalance of thyroid hormones. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Virtual screening of potentially endocrine-disrupting chemicals against nuclear receptors and its application to identify PPARγ-bound fatty acids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya K. Jaladanki ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Li Na Zhao ◽  
Sebastian Maurer-Stroh ◽  
Lit-Hsin Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Multiple Structures

Abstract Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of energy homeostasis, body development, and sexual reproduction. Xenobiotics binding to NRs may disrupt natural hormonal systems and induce undesired adverse effects in the body. However, many chemicals of concerns have limited or no experimental data on their potential or lack-of-potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Here, we propose a virtual screening method based on molecular docking for predicting potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that bind to NRs. For 12 NRs, we systematically analyzed how multiple crystal structures can be used to distinguish actives and inactives found in previous high-throughput experiments. Our method is based on (i) consensus docking scores from multiple structures at a single functional state (agonist-bound or antagonist-bound), (ii) multiple functional states (agonist-bound and antagonist-bound), and (iii) multiple pockets (orthosteric site and alternative sites) of these NRs. We found that the consensus enrichment from multiple structures is better than or comparable to the best enrichment from a single structure. The discriminating power of this consensus strategy was further enhanced by a chemical similarity-weighted scoring scheme, yielding better or comparable enrichment for all studied NRs. Applying this optimized method, we screened 252 fatty acids against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and successfully identified 3 previously unknown fatty acids with Kd = 100–250 μM including two furan fatty acids: furannonanoic acid (FNA) and furanundecanoic acid (FUA), and one cyclopropane fatty acid: phytomonic acid (PTA). These results suggested that the proposed method can be used to rapidly screen and prioritize potential EDCs for further experimental evaluations.

scholarly journals Pemanfataan Serbuk Sekam Padi Sebagai Adsorben Untuk Menurunkan Konsentrasi Senyawa Piridaben Pada Pestisida Samite 135EC

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Roni Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Pesticides are very useful in many areas of human activities, especially in agriculture to ensure food availability. However, pesticides also have a negative impact on the environment and health. Pesticides are classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are chemicals that can interfere with the metabolic system, binding and eliminating hormones in the body, one of which is the danger of carcinogenicity. The concentration hazard present in Pesticide was experiment to decrease the concentration by using rice husk absorbent powder. This research is an experimental research that aims to reduce the concentration of pyridaben compounds contained in pesticides by using rice husk absorbent powder. By varying the sample treatment, variations of optimum concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L, contact time of 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 4 days and 7 days, and weight of rice husk powder 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg. Analysis performed on pesticides is the content of pyridaben in pestisida samite 135EC.             From this research, the best result was obtained at concentration 30 mg/L with 29,74% absorption efficiency, 24 hours contact time with 92,36% absorption efficiency, and 150 mg of rice husk powder with 54,88% absorption efficiency. This condition indicates that rice husk powders are effectively used to decrease the concentration of pyridaben compounds because of their effectiveness above 50%.

scholarly journals Development of a Human Estrogen Receptor Dimerization Assay for the Estrogenic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8875
Author(s):  
Hye Mi Kim ◽  
Hyeyeong Seo ◽  
Yooheon Park ◽  
Hee-Seok Lee ◽  
Seok-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in food and various other substances, including pesticides and plastics. EDCs are easily absorbed into the body and have the ability to mimic or block hormone function. The radioligand binding assay based on the estrogen receptors binding affinity is widely used to detect estrogenic EDCs but is limited to radioactive substances and requires specific conditions. As an alternative, we developed a human cell-based dimerization assay for detecting EDC-mediated ER-alpha (ERα) dimerization using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). The resultant novel BRET-based on the ERα dimerization assay was used to identify the binding affinity of 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-estradiol, corticosterone, diethylhexyl phthalate, bisphenol A, and 4-nonylphenol with ERα by measuring the corresponding BRET signals. Consequently, the BRET signals from five chemicals except corticosterone showed a dose-dependent sigmoidal curve for ERα, and these chemicals were suggested as positive chemicals for ERα. In contrast, corticosterone, which induced a BRET signal comparable to that of the vehicle control, was suggested as a negative chemical for ERα. Therefore, these results were consistent with the results of the existing binding assay for ERα and suggested that a novel BRET system can provide information about EDCs-mediated dimerization to ERα.

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Testicular Cancer A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira V Bräuner ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
Trine Koch ◽  
Cecilie S Uldbjerg ◽  
Laura S Gregersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Completeness Of Reporting

Abstract The incidence of many hormone-dependent diseases, including testicular cancer, have sharply increased in all high-income countries during the 20th century. This is not fully explained by established risk factors. Concurrent, increasing exposure to antiandrogenic environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fetal life may partially explain this trend. This systematic review assessed available evidence regarding the association between environmental EDC exposure and risk of testicular cancer (seminomas and non-seminomas). Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature published prior to December 14 th, 2020, in the databases PubMed and Embase® was performed. Among the 279 identified records, 19 were eligible for quality assessment and 10 for further meta-analysis. The completeness of reporting was high across papers, but over 50% were considered subject to potential risk of bias. Mean age at diagnosis was 31.9 years. None considered effects of EDCs multipollutant mixtures. The meta-analyses showed that maternal exposure to combined EDCs was associated with a higher risk of testicular cancer in male offspring (summary RRs: 2.16, (95% CI:1.78-2.62); 1.93 (95% CI:1.49-2.48); 2.78 (95% CI:2.27-3.41) for all, seminoma, non-seminoma respectively). Similarly, high maternal exposures to grouped organochlorines and organo-halogens were associated with higher risk of seminoma and non-seminoma in the offspring. Summary estimates related to postnatal adult male EDC exposures were inconsistent.Maternal but not postnatal adult male, EDC exposures were consistently associated with a higher risk of testicular cancer, particularly risk of non-seminomas. However, the quality of studies was mixed and considering the fields complexity, more prospective studies of prenatal EDC multipollutant mixture exposures and testicular cancer are needed.

Prevalence of endocrine pathology in childhood and adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
E. N. Nenashkina
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The World

All over the world, the endocrine system diseases in children attract the attention of researchers of various specialties, since this pathology is characterized by the duration of the course and subsequent often developing complications that worsen the quality of life and the prognosis of the health status of children and adolescents. The prevalence and structure of endocrine pathology in childhood and adolescence differ significantly from those in adults. Due to the fact that children make up a significant share in the structure of medical care requests for osteopathy in medical institutions, osteopathic doctors need to know the basics of diagnosis and prevention of endocrine diseases in children and adolescents. The peculiarity of endocrine diseases with onset in childhood is the beginning of their development against the background of physiologically significant for the development of the body processes of growth and sexual development, which determines the need for a multidisciplinary clinical approach to differential diagnosis between the endocrine pathology and the constitutional features of physical and sexual development of a healthy child.

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FITNESS CONCEPT AND THE AREA OF FITNESS IN LATVIA AND THE WORLD

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Cuprika ◽  
Andra Fernate ◽  
Leonids Cupriks
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
Body Ideal ◽  
The Difference

Despite the great popularity of fitness around the world, it is still unclear what fitness is and how people understand it. The essence of fitness has gradually evolved from simple physical fitness to a cultural phenomenon. The second path of fitness development is from the physical health of a person reflected in a person’s readiness to do physical work to the desire to improve their own quality of life. That is why the aim of this study was to investigate in depth the essential characteristics of the fitness concept and the area of fitness. The study is based on 41 literature sources and scientific articles, 8 of which are in Russian and 33 – in English. The essence of the content of the fitness concept has been investigated and the hierarchy of concepts has been evaluated in different theoretical contexts, starting from the historical beginning of the fitness concept. Definitions were grouped in a broader and a narrower sense: 1) fitness as a set of attributes and abilities and 2) fitness as a way of life, lifestyle and quality of life. The essential categories of the fitness concept were compiled. The change of fitness area and its influence on the society was discussed. By summarizing the analysis of fitness definitions and evaluating fitness according to various theoretical aspects, it can be concluded that fitness is interpreted as sport competition fitness, as an implementation of a healthy way of life and as physical fitness or health-oriented physical fitness. Due to constant change and improvement of the body ideal sometimes it is complicated to participate in the process of improving health, also achieving it requires a lot of energy and time. People don’t understand where is the difference between healthy body and fitness body prepared for competition or commercial. Therefore the greater the beauty industry and fitness area becomes, the weaker becomes the human.  

Jews in The Royal Society: A Problem in Ecology

1949 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Sole Criterion ◽  
Number Of Individuals

PROMPTED by a desire to explore a by-path of Anglo/Jewish history, I studied the incidence of members of the Jewish community within the fellowship of the Royal Society. It soon became obvious that one had uncovered a sociological problem of considerable interest. Indeed the original inquiry would have had but little value were it not for considerations peculiar to the Royal Society. I refer to the facts that entry to the ordinary Fellowship of the Royal Society has, since 1847, been confined to a small and strictly limited number of individuals, that the quality of the candidates’ scientific output has been the sole criterion for their election and, finally, that throughout the entire period the Society has eschewed all prejudice, political, religious or social. Election to the Society thus becomes a reliable yardstick by which to gauge the volume of output of scientists of high rank occurring in any group of the country’s citizens at any time during the last 100 years. To the Jewish community such a yard/stick is peculiarly welcome, even in England where anti-Semitic prejudice has never been highly developed, whilst its application to the national or racial composition of the body of foreign fellows, a group to which a limited number of eminent scientists the world over are eligible, assumes a unique value.

scholarly journals Representasi Perempuan dalam Industri Sinema

Humaniora ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmat Edi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
The World ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Role Of Women

Studies on the presence and the role of women in film industry are interesting to observe. Physically, women exist and play role in the world of film industry, as old as the film itself. In terms of quantity, the number of women seen on screen is also not inferior to men seen in the film. The issue is precisely whether the presence and nearly with the same quantity with men, women are enough to give meaning to the quality of the film itself. Article used literature study, to see how the literatures interrelate several theories of mass communication, especially those raised on the issue of representation. Conclusions or results of the study for this paper are women’s presence and participation as well as comparable quantity of them with men in film industry do not have a lot contribution to the improvement of the quality of the film industry itself. This relates to the women who exist and participate in the film industry rely only on certain physical size of the body and woman is only as a complement to sweeten the mere presence of a movie. 

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