scholarly journals Oat Polar Lipids Improve Cardiometabolic-Related Markers after Breakfast and a Subsequent Standardized Lunch: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mukul Hossain ◽  
Juscelino Tovar ◽  
Lieselotte Cloetens ◽  
Maria T. Soria Florido ◽  
Karin Petersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
Glycemic Regulation ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

It has been suggested that intake of polar lipids may beneficially modulate various metabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat polar lipids on postprandial and second meal glycemic regulation, blood lipids, gastrointestinal hormones, and subjective appetite-related variables in healthy humans. In a randomized design, twenty healthy subjects ingested four liquid cereal-based test beverages (42 g of available carbohydrates) containing: i. 30 g of oat oil with a low concentration (4%) of polar lipids (PLL), ii. 30 g of oat oil containing a high concentration (40%) of polar lipids (PLH), iii. 30 g of rapeseed oil (RSO), and iv. no added lipids (NL). The products were served as breakfast meals followed by a standardized lunch. Test variables were measured at fasting and during 3 h after breakfast and two additional hours following a standardized lunch. PLH reduced glucose and insulin responses after breakfast (0–120 min) compared to RSO, and after lunch (210–330 min) compared to RSO and PLL (p < 0.05). Compared to RSO, PLH resulted in increased concentrations of the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY after the standardized lunch (p < 0.05). The results suggest that oat polar lipids have potential nutraceutical properties by modulating acute and second meal postprandial metabolic responses.

Hyperglycemia abolishes meal-induced satiety by a dysregulation of ghrelin and peptide YY3–36 in healthy overweight/obese humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. E225-E231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sine H. Knudsen ◽  
Kristian Karstoft ◽  
Thomas P. J. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Polynomial Functions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Circulating Levels

Satiety and satiety-regulating gut hormone levels are abnormal in hyperglycemic individuals. We aimed to determine whether these abnormalities are secondary to hyperglycemia. Ten healthy overweight/obese subjects (age: 56 ± 3 yr; BMI: 30.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2) received three equicaloric meals at t = 0, 4, and 8 h in the absence (control trial) and presence of experimental hyperglycemia (hyperglycemia trial; 5.4 mM above basal). Circulating levels of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and peptide YY (PYY)3–36 and visual analog scale ratings of satiety were measured throughout each trial. In the control trial, glucose, insulin, PYY3–36, and the feeling of fullness were increased in the postprandial periods, whereas ghrelin was decreased. In the hyperglycemia trial, in which plasma glucose was increased to 11.2 ± 0.1 mmol/l, postprandial meal responses (AUC: 0–2, 4–6, and 8–10 h) of PYY3–36 were lower ( meal 1, P < 0.0001; meal 2, P < 0.001; meal 3, P < 0.05), whereas insulin ( meal 1, P < 0.01; meal 2, P < 0.001; meal 3, P < 0.05) and ghrelin ( meal 1, P < 0.05; meal 2, P > 0.05; meal 3, P > 0.05) were higher compared with the control trial. Furthermore, the incremental (Δ0–0.5, 4–4.5, and 8–8.5 h) ghrelin response to the first and third meals was higher in the hyperglycemia trial in contrast to control (Δ: 2.3 ± 8.0, P = 0.05; Δ: 14.4 ± 2.5, P < 0.05). Also, meal-induced fullness was prevented ( meal 1, P = 0.06; meal 2, P = 0.01; meal 3, P = 0.08) by experimental hyperglycemia. Furthermore, trends in ghrelin, PYY3–36, and fullness were described by different polynomial functions between the trials. In conclusion, hyperglycemia abolishes meal-induced satiety and dysregulates postprandial responses of the gut hormones PYY3–36 and ghrelin in overweight/obese healthy humans.

Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
pp. 2862-2870
Author(s):  
Rebecca Scott ◽  
T.M. Tan ◽  
S.R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fold Family

The gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in the body, with its component cells dispersed along its length rather than being clustered in glands. More than 20 gut peptides integrate gastrointestinal function by regulating the actions of the epithelium, muscles, and nerves; they also affect the growth and development of the gut and have a major role in appetite control. They mostly work in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Gastrointestinal hormones include the gastrin–cholecystokinin family, the secretin superfamily, preproglucagon derivatives, the motilin–ghrelin family, the pancreatic polypeptide-fold family, and various other gut peptides. Gastrointestinal and other diseases may cause abnormalities of these gut peptides, for example: (1) achlorhydria (from atrophic gastritis or drug-induced) causes elevation of circulating gastrin; (2) malabsorptive conditions are associated with a decrease in the amount of peptides produced in the affected region, and a compensatory elevation of other peptides; and (3) obesity is associated with orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) and less satiating hormonal changes, and the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are partly explained through alterations in gut hormones.

scholarly journals A Plant-Based Meal Increases Gastrointestinal Hormones and Satiety More Than an Energy- and Macronutrient-Matched Processed-Meat Meal in T2D, Obese, and Healthy Men: A Three-Group Randomized Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Klementova ◽  
Lenka Thieme ◽  
Martin Haluzik ◽  
Renata Pavlovicova ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Gastrointestinal hormones are involved in regulation of glucose metabolism and satiety. We tested the acute effect of meal composition on these hormones in three population groups. A randomized crossover design was used to examine the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: a processed-meat and cheese (M-meal) and a vegan meal with tofu (V-meal) on gastrointestinal hormones, and satiety in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 20), obese men (O, n = 20), and healthy men (H, n = 20). Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), amylin, and peptide YY (PYY) were determined at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. Visual analogue scale was used to assess satiety. We used repeated-measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for statistical analysis. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 increased after the V-meal in T2D (by 30.5%; 95%CI 21.2 to 40.7%; p < 0.001) and H (by 15.8%; 95%CI 8.6 to 23.5%; p = 0.01). Postprandial plasma concentrations of amylin increased in in all groups after the V-meal: by 15.7% in T2D (95%CI 11.8 to 19.6%; p < 0.001); by 11.5% in O (95%CI 7.8 to 15.3%; p = 0.03); and by 13.8% in H (95%CI 8.4 to 19.5%; p < 0.001). An increase in postprandial values of PYY after the V-meal was significant only in H (by 18.9%; 95%CI 7.5 to 31.3%; p = 0.03). Satiety was greater in all participants after the V-meal: by 9% in T2D (95%CI 4.4 to 13.6%; p = 0.004); by 18.7% in O (95%CI 12.8 to 24.6%; p < 0.001); and by 25% in H (95%CI 18.2 to 31.7%; p < 0.001). Our results indicate there is an increase in gut hormones and satiety, following consumption of a single plant-based meal with tofu when compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched processed-meat meat and cheese meal, in healthy, obese and diabetic men.

scholarly journals The different response of sugarcane genotypes in multiple stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-539
Author(s):  
Francisco Bruno Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Sabrina da Silva Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Condition ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

ABSTRACT Research focused on identify abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes is highly desirable since their use may reduce costs of soil and crop management and productivity losses. The aim of this study was to determine the behavior of 24 sugarcane genotypes under high levels of Al3+ and Mn2+ associated with low availability of mineral nutrients. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition in a 24 × 2 factorial scheme (24 genotypes × 2 treatments: with and without stress), and four replications in completely randomized design. In the treatment without stress plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution whereas in the treatment with stress a nutrient solution with a high acidity (4.0 ± 0.1) and 5% of its original concentration, as well as a high concentration of aluminum (60 mg L-1) and manganese (700 mg L-1) was used. The genotypes RB966928, RB855443, IACSP96-3060, SP81-3250, RB867515, CTC 21, RB965902, and IAC91-1099 had their biometric characteristics less affected by the stress, possibly due to the ability to continue the process of cell division and elongation and to maintain meristematic viable regions, hence they were considered as the most tolerant. On the other hand, the genotypes RB965917, CTC 15, CTC17, RB855536, CTC 2, CTC 20, and CTC99-1906 were the most sensitive to stress. Root system was the most affected by stress, with most genotypes showing more than 70% reduction in root biomass. No relationship was observed between tolerance level of genotypes and the maturation cycles.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (5) ◽  
pp. E981-E988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nauck ◽  
Ulrich Niedereichholz ◽  
Rainer Ettler ◽  
Jens Juul Holst ◽  
Cathrine Ørskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Insulin Responses

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been shown to inhibit gastric emptying of liquid meals in type 2 diabetic patients. It was the aim of the present study to compare the action of physiological and pharmacological doses of intravenous GLP-1-(7—36) amide and GLP-1-(7—37) on gastric emptying in normal volunteers. Nine healthy subjects participated (26 ± 3 yr; body mass index 22.9 ± 1.6 kg/m2; hemoglobin A1C 5.0 ± 0.2%) in five experiments on separate occasions after an overnight fast. A nasogastric tube was positioned for the determination of gastric volume by use of a dye-dilution technique (phenol red). GLP-1-(7—36) amide (0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1), GLP-1-(7—37) (1.2 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1), or placebo was infused intravenously from −30 to 240 min. A liquid meal (50 g sucrose, 8% amino acids, 440 ml, 327 kcal) was administered at 0 min. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured over 240 min. Gastric emptying was dose dependently slowed by GLP-1-(7—36) amide ( P < 0.0001). Effects of GLP-1-(7—37) at 1.2 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1were virtually identical. GLP-1 dose dependently stimulated fasting insulin secretion (−30 to 0 min) and slightly reduced glucose concentrations. After the meal (0–240 min), integrated incremental glucose ( P < 0.0001) and insulin responses ( P = 0.01) were reduced (dose dependently) rather than enhanced. In conclusion, 1) GLP-1-(7—36) amide or -(7—37) inhibits gastric emptying also in normal subjects, 2) physiological doses (0.4 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) still have a significant effect, 3) despite the known insulinotropic actions of GLP-1-(7—36) amide and -(7—37), the net effect of administering GLP-1 with a meal is no change or a reduction in meal-related insulin responses. These findings suggest a primarily inhibitory function for GLP-1 (ileal brake mechanisms).

scholarly journals EFIKASI EKSTRAK BIJI JARAK PAGAR MORTALITAS LARVA PENGGULUNG DAUN (Lamposema indicate) PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairudin Chairudin ◽  
Sumeinika Fitria Lizmah ◽  
Rol Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Experimental Garden

Soybean leaf roller known as Lamposema indicata. These insects attack the leaves of soybean plants by rolling up soybean leaves, that are launched 3-4 weeks after planting. The research aims to find out application of Jathropha curcas extract againts the mortality of soybean leaf roller pest (Lamposema indicata) and reduce damage to soybean plants. This research was conducted in the experimental garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University in October to November 2019. The research was arranged in a non factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 levels with 5 replications. The factors experience is Jathropha curcas seed extract concentrate are E1 (control), E1 (20%, E2 (13.3% and E3 (10%). The results shows Lamprosema mortality shows the highest found in the E3 regulation, this is because in the E3 setting it has a high concentration so that the composition of the poisons contained is also high. Castor seed extract (Jatropha curcas) contains the composition of phorbol ester and cursin. Based on the observations displayed during the observation, namely changes in behavior, slowing movement of larvae, discoloration from clear green to pale yellow and compacting of the larva's body cavity.Keywords: Effectiveness of concentration, mortality, leafworm caterpillars

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ampas Tahu dan Susu Skim terhadap Fisikokimia Yogurt Skim Santan

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Tengku Mia Rahmiati ◽  
Virna Muhardina ◽  
Putri Meutia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soluble Solid

Skim coconut milk is a liquid by-product of coconut oil production with limited utilization in food processing. It has nutritional value such as protein, carbohydrate and mineral, so it is possible to be used as raw material for processing food products, such as yogurt. The use of tofu waste flour and skim milk as prebiotic and protein source is intended to improve the physical quality of yogurt skim coconut milk. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors and 3 levels (1,5%, 3%, and 4,5%), and several skim milk concentrations (10%, 12,5%, and 15%). The results of this study indicated that the addition of tofu waste flour and skim milk have no significant effect on the viscosity of the coconut milk yogurt. In the organoleptic test, the addition of tofu waste flour showed significant effect on panelist perception of flavor, aroma, and color. The higher the percentage of the flour, the lower the panelist preference on flavor, aroma, and color; flavor. High concentration of flour can increase the total of soluble solid content in yogurt. A concentration of 4.5% tofu waste flour and 15% skim milk produced 13,89 oBrix and 15,44 oBrix soluble solids resulting in the highest viscosity value of 609,6 Cp.

scholarly journals Hemp and buckwheat are valuable sources of dietary amino acids, beneficially modulating gastrointestinal hormones and promoting satiety in healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Neacsu ◽  
Nicholas J. Vaughan ◽  
Salvatore Multari ◽  
Elisabeth Haljas ◽  
Lorraine Scobbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose This study evaluated the postprandial effects following consumption of buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp and lupin compared to meat (beef); focussing on biomarkers of satiety, gut hormones, aminoacids and plant metabolites bioavailability and metabolism. Methods Ten subjects (n = 3 men; n = 7 women; 42 ± 11.8 years of age; BMI 26 ± 5.8 kg/m2) participated in six 1-day independent acute interventions, each meal containing 30 g of protein from buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp, lupin and meat (beef). Blood samples were collected during 24-h and VAS questionnaires over 5-h. Results Volunteers consumed significantly higher amounts of most amino acids from the meat meal, and with few exceptions, postprandial composition of plasma amino acids was not significantly different after consuming the plant-based meals. Buckwheat meal was the most satious (300 min hunger scores, p < 0.05).Significant increase in GLP-1 plasma (AUC, iAUC p = 0.01) found after hemp compared with the other plant-based meals. Decreased plasma ghrelin concentrations (iAUC p < 0.05) found on plant (hemp) vs. meat meal. Several plasma metabolites after hemp meal consumption were associated with hormone trends (partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA): 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, indole 3-pyruvic acid, 5-hydoxytryptophan, genistein and biochanin A with GLP-1, PYY and insulin; 3-hydroxymandelic acid and luteolidin with GLP-1 and ghrelin and 4-hydroxymandelic acid, benzoic acid and secoisolariciresinol with insulin and ghrelin. Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), (iAUC, p < 0.001); and phenylalanine and tyrosine (iAUC, p < 0.05) were lower after buckwheat comparison with meat meal. Conclusion Plants are valuable sources of amino acids which are promoting satiety. The impact of hemp and buckwheat on GLP-1 and, respectively, BCAAs should be explored further as could be relevant for aid and prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Study registered with clinicaltrial.gov on 12th July 2013, study ID number: NCT01898351.

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