scholarly journals Dietary Olive Oil Intake Improves Running Endurance with Intramuscular Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164
Author(s):  
Yusuke Komiya ◽  
Makoto Sugiyama ◽  
Masaru Ochiai ◽  
Nanako Osawa ◽  
Yuto Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Growth Profiles ◽  
Triacylglycerol Accumulation

Olive oil is a functional food shown to have a variety of bioactive effects. Therefore, we expect it to be a novel functional food with an exercise-mimetic effect on skeletal muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effect of olive oil on the endurance capacity and muscle metabolism in mice. Mice fed a 7% (w/w) olive oil diet for eight weeks showed improved treadmill running endurance and increased intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) accumulation in the gastrocnemius muscle compared to soybean oil diet-fed controls. The increase in running endurance with olive oil intake was independent of the muscle fiber type. To elucidate underlying the mechanism of elevated IMTG levels, we examined the expression levels of the genes related to lipid metabolism. We found that the expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) was significantly upregulated in the muscle of olive oil diet-fed mice. In addition, the olive oil diet-fed mice showed no metabolic impairment or differences in growth profiles compared to the controls. These results suggest that dietary olive oil intake affects muscle metabolism and muscle endurance by increasing energy accumulation.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs Reveals the Metabolic Specialization in Oxidative and Glycolytic Skeletal Muscles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyuan Shen ◽  
Mailin Gan ◽  
Qianzi Tang ◽  
Guoqing Tang ◽  
Yanzhi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Regulatory Analysis

The biochemical and functional differences between oxidative and glycolytic muscles could affect human muscle health and animal meat quality. However, present understanding of the epigenetic regulation with respect to lncRNAs and circRNAs is rudimentary. Here, porcine oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles, which were at the growth curve inflection point, were sampled to survey variant global expression of lncRNAs and circRNAs using RNA-seq. A total of 4046 lncRNAs were identified, including 911 differentially expressed lncRNAs (p < 0.05). The cis-regulatory analysis identified target genes that were enriched for specific GO terms and pathways (p < 0.05), including the oxidation-reduction process, glycolytic process, and fatty acid metabolic. All these were closely related to different phenotypes between oxidative and glycolytic muscles. Additionally, 810 circRNAs were identified, of which 137 were differentially expressed (p < 0.05). Interestingly, some circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were found, which were closely linked to muscle fiber-type switching and mitochondria biogenesis in muscles. Furthermore, 44.69%, 39.19%, and 54.01% of differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs respectively were significantly enriched in pig quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for growth and meat quality traits. This study reveals a mass of candidate lncRNAs and circRNAs involved in muscle physiological functions, which may improve understanding of muscle metabolism and development from an epigenetic perspective.

Parvalbumin content in striated muscles of the common shrew (Sorex araneus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2194-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Savolainen ◽  
M Vornanen
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Isometric Twitch

The parvalbumin content of mammalian muscles correlates positively with isometric relaxation rate and fiber type IIB frequency of the muscles but negatively with animal size. Since shrews are small-bodied animals with a relatively low number of type IIB fibers, it is of some interest to know how the parvalbumin content of shrew muscle correlates with the above factors. Parvalbumin content in heart, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius muscle of the common shrew, mouse, and rat was determined electrophoretically. Parvalbumin was not found in heart muscle of any species. Shrew diaphragm (0.29 ± 0.04 g/kg) had significantly less parvalbumin than mouse (0.63 ± 0.11 g/kg) or rat (0.54 ± 0.09 g/kg) diaphragm. Similarly, the parvalbumin content of shrew gastrocnemius muscle (0.28 ± 0.04 g/kg) was significantly lower than in that of mouse (2.88 ± 0.38 g/kg) or rat (0.96 ± 0.25 g/kg) gastrocnemius muscle. The isometric twitch of the gastrocnemius muscle was somewhat faster than the twitch of the diaphragm in all three species. The isometric contractions of shrew and mouse skeletal muscles were generally very similar in duration, with the exception of the relaxation time of the gastrocnemius muscle, which was shorter in the mouse. Diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscle of the rat were clearly slower than the respective muscles in the mouse or shrew with regard to both the contraction and relaxation phases. The half-relaxation time of isometric contractions correlated relatively weakly with parvalbumin content of the muscles (r = 0.40) but more strongly with their fiber IIB content (r = 0.81). The unexpectedly low parvalbumin content and relatively slow rate of contraction in shrew skeletal muscles are attributed to the exceptional fiber type composition, i.e., a high proportion of type IID fibers.

scholarly journals Myostatin is a key mediator between energy metabolism and endurance capacity of skeletal muscle

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. R444-R454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Mouisel ◽  
Karima Relizani ◽  
Laurence Mille-Hamard ◽  
Raphaël Denis ◽  
Christophe Hourdé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Exercise Induced

Myostatin (Mstn) participates in the regulation of skeletal muscle size and has emerged as a regulator of muscle metabolism. Here, we hypothesized that lack of myostatin profoundly depresses oxidative phosphorylation-dependent muscle function. Toward this end, we explored Mstn −/− mice as a model for the constitutive absence of myostatin and AAV-mediated overexpression of myostatin propeptide as a model of myostatin blockade in adult wild-type mice. We show that muscles from Mstn −/− mice, although larger and stronger, fatigue extremely rapidly. Myostatin deficiency shifts muscle from aerobic toward anaerobic energy metabolism, as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced expression of PPAR transcriptional regulators, increased enolase activity, and exercise-induced lactic acidosis. As a consequence, constitutively reduced myostatin signaling diminishes exercise capacity, while the hypermuscular state of Mstn−/− mice increases oxygen consumption and the energy cost of running. We wondered whether these results are the mere consequence of the congenital fiber-type switch toward a glycolytic phenotype of constitutive Mstn −/− mice. Hence, we overexpressed myostatin propeptide in adult mice, which did not affect fiber-type distribution, while nonetheless causing increased muscle fatigability, diminished exercise capacity, and decreased Pparb/d and Pgc1a expression. In conclusion, our results suggest that myostatin endows skeletal muscle with high oxidative capacity and low fatigability, thus regulating the delicate balance between muscle mass, muscle force, energy metabolism, and endurance capacity.

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in different rat hindlimb skeletal muscles

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1777-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Muscle Groups

Few studies have examined potential for endothelium-dependent vasodilation in skeletal muscles of different fiber-type composition. We hypothesized that muscles composed of slow oxidative (SO)- and/or fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG)-type fibers have greater potential for endothelium-dependent vasodilation than muscles composed of fast glycolytic (FG)-type fibers. To test this hypothesis, the isolated perfused rat hindlimb preparation was used with a constant-flow, variable-pressure approach. Perfusion pressure was monitored continuously, and muscle-specific flows were determined by using radiolabeled microspheres at four time points: control, at peak effect of acetylcholine (ACh I; 1–2 × 10−4 M), at peak effect of ACh after infusion of an endothelial inhibitor (ACh II), and at peak effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 4–5 × 10−4 M). Conductance was calculated by using pressure and flow data. In the SO-type soleus muscle, conductance increased with ACh and SNP, but the increase in conductance with ACh was partially abolished by the endothelial inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (control, 0.87 ± 0.19; ACh I, 2.07 ± 0.29; ACh II, 1.32 ± 0.15; SNP, 1.76 ± 0.19 ml · min−1 · 100 g−1 · mmHg−1; P < 0.05, ACh I and SNP vs. control). In the FOG-type red gastrocnemius muscle, similar findings were obtained (control, 0.64 ± 0.11; ACh I, 1.36 ± 0.21; ACh II, 0.73 ± 0.16; SNP, 1.30 ± 0.21 ml · min−1 · 100 g−1 · mmHg; P < 0.05, ACh I and SNP vs. control). In the FG-type white gastrocnemius muscle, neither ACh nor SNP increased conductance. Similar findings were obtained when muscles were combined into high- and low-oxidative muscle groups. Indomethacin had no effect on responses to ACh. These data indicate that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is exhibited by high-oxidative, but not low-oxidative, rat skeletal muscle. Furthermore, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in high-oxidative muscle appears to be primarily mediated by nitric oxide.

Effects of Aging on Type II Muscle Fibers: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Brunner ◽  
Annina Schmid ◽  
Ali Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Margareta Nordin ◽  
Jangwhon Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscles

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for scientific articles in selected databases to determine the effects of aging on Type II muscle fibers in human skeletal muscles. They found that aging of Type II muscle fibers is primarily associated with a loss of fibers and a decrease in fiber size. Morphological changes with increasing age particularly included Type II fiber grouping. There is conflicting evidence regarding the change of proportion of Type II fibers. Type II muscle fibers seem to play an important role in the aging process of human skeletal muscles. According to this literature review, loss of fibers, decrease in size, and fiber-type grouping represent major quantitative changes. Because the process of aging involves various complex phenomena such as fiber-type coexpression, however, it seems difficult to assign those changes solely to a specific fiber type.

Skeletal muscle beta-adrenergic receptors: variations due to fiber type and training

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. E160-E167 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Williams ◽  
M. G. Caron ◽  
K. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Physiological Importance

To determine the relationship between oxidative capacity and characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors (beta AR) in skeletal muscle, selected biochemical variables were quantitated in particulate preparations from soleus and gastrocnemius muscle from rats subjected to 10 wk of treadmill running and from three control groups: free-fed, sedentary controls; food-restricted, pair-weighted controls; and animals trained by swimming. Beta AR density and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were considerably greater in the slow-twitch oxidative soleus muscle than in the mixed fiber type gastrocnemius in animals from each group (P less than 0.005). Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of gastrocnemius was increased 23-42% (P less than 0.05) in runners over each of the control groups, concommitantly with a 15-27% increase (P less than 0.05) in beta AR density (Bmax for binding of 125I-cyanopindolol). In 24 animals from all four treatment groups, there was a significant correlation between SDH activity and beta AR density (r = 0.68; P less than 0.001). We conclude that BAR density correlates positively with oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle, but further studies are required to determine the physiological importance of these differences.

Skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation in exercised and food-restricted rats during aging

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Starnes ◽  
G. Cantu ◽  
R. P. Farrar ◽  
J. P. Kehrer
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Lipid

The effects of chronic endurance exercise and food restriction on nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation (LP) of gastrocnemius muscle during aging were studied in male, Fischer 344 rats. One set of rats aged 6 and 18 mo were assigned to an exercise group (treadmill running) or an age-matched sedentary control group. After 6 mo (at the ages of 12 and 24 mo), LP and levels of alpha-tocopherol and its oxidized form, alpha-tocopheryl quinone, were measured. The extent of LP was determined in homogenates by measuring the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. After homogenization, the muscles were immediately evaluated for basal LP and also incubated in the presence of oxidant stressors for 2 h to assess antioxidant capacity (AOC) and for 24 h to estimate total peroxidizable lipid (TPL). Basal LP was not affected by age or exercise. AOC was not affected by exercise at either age. However aging significantly decreased AOC and increased alpha-tocopheryl quinone in both sedentary and exercised groups. TPL was not affected by age, but was increased by exercise training (P less than 0.05). Another set of rats was divided into the following three groups at 3 mo of age: sedentary, fed ad libitum (S); sedentary, caloric restricted by alternate day feeding (R); and exercised by forced treadmill running (E). Two years later, when the rats were 27 mo of age, the extent of LP was assessed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Shortening velocity and ATPase activity of rat skeletal muscle fibers: effects of endurance exercise training

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. C1699-C1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Schluter ◽  
R. H. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Type I ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Shortening Velocity

Mechanical properties were measured in single skinned fibers from rat hindlimb muscle to test the hypothesis that the fast type IIb fiber exhibits a higher maximal shortening velocity (Vo) than the fast type IIa fiber and that the difference is directly attributable to a higher myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the type IIb fiber. Additional measurements were made to test the hypotheses that regular endurance exercise increases and decreases the Vo of the type I and IIa fiber, respectively, and that the altered Vo is associated with a corresponding change in the fiber ATPase activity. Rats were exercised by 8-12 wk of treadmill running for 2 h/day, 5 day/wk, up a 15% grade at a speed of 27 m/min. Fiber Vo was determined by the slack test, and the ATPase was measured fluorometrically in the same fiber. The myosin isozyme profile of each fiber was subsequently determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The mean +/- SE Vo (7.9 +/- 0.22 fiber lengths/s) of the type IIb fiber was significantly greater than the type IIa fiber (4.4 +/- 0.21 fiber lengths/s), and the higher Vo was associated with a higher ATPase activity (927 +/- 70 vs. 760 +/- 60 microM.min-1.mm-3). The exercise program induced cardiac hypertrophy and an approximately twofold increase in the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase. Exercise had no effect on fiber diameter or peak tension per cross-sectional area in any fiber type, but, importantly, it significantly increased (23%) both the Vo and the ATPase activity of the slow type I fiber of the soleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Muscle metabolism and cardiac function of the myopathic hamster following training

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Sembrowich ◽  
M. B. Knudson ◽  
P. D. Gollnick
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of 18 wk of treadmill running on skeletal muscle metabolism and myocardial function of normal and myopathic hamsters was examined. BIO 14.6 hamsters could tolerate an exercise intensity of about 18 m/min for 40 min, 5 days/wk. Further increases in speed or number of bouts per day resulted in a falloff in performance. Normal hamsters could tolerate higher speeds and longer exercise bouts. Exercise did not change the severity of lesions of either the heart or skeletal muscle of the myopathic hamsters. A training effect was evidenced by increased succinate dehydrogenase activity in the soleus muscle. Cardiac function was evaluated as contractility measured from left ventricular pressure curves and expressed as (dP/dt)/kP. The results suggested that cardiac contractility was not as severely depressed in the trained BIO 14.6 strain of hamsters as in nontrained controls. However, (dP/dt)/kP was lower in the trained myopathic animals than in normal hamsters. ATP, CP, and glycogen levels were lower in myopathic hamsters with the lowest values occurring in the trained group. These data demonstrate that the BIO 14.6 strain of hamster can tolerate exercise training and that such training may have a positive effect on cardiac function.

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