scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Changes in Diet in Adolescents during Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain: The DESKcohort Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Alicia Aguilar-Martínez ◽  
Marina Bosque-Prous ◽  
Helena González-Casals ◽  
Ester Colillas-Malet ◽  
Susanna Puigcorbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Health Related

Adolescence is a critical period in the consolidation of healthy lifestyles that can last into adulthood. To analyze changes in food consumption and eating behaviors in high-school adolescents during the first confinement, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the end of confinement in Spain. Changes in the frequency or quantity of consumption of different types of food and food-related behaviors were analyzed. Socioeconomic and health-related variables were also considered. To determine whether dietary changes were related to socioeconomic position (SEP), Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated. Overall, there were some changes towards a healthier diet such as an increase in fruit consumption (38.9%) and a decrease in the consumption of soft drinks (49.8%), sweets and pastries (39.3%), and convenience foods (49.2%). Some changes, however, were related to less healthy behaviors, such as a more irregular pattern of meal distribution (39.9%) or an increase in snacking between meals (56.4%). Changes towards less healthy eating were also related to students’ SEP. The risk of worsening the diet was found to be 21% higher in adolescents from a more disadvantaged SEP. Future public policies could be adapted to avoid increasing nutritional and health inequalities.

LIVING AND HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG ELDERLY

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
B.F. DO NASCIMENTO JACINTO DE SOUZA ◽  
L. MARÍN-LEON
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

Background: The epidemiological and nutritional transition processes in the last decades underlie the rising trend of obesity in the elderly and is related to increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and decreased functional status. Objective: To analyze the association of demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related factors with overweight and obesity in elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Carried out in Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011. Participants: 452 non-institutionalized elderly (aged ≥60 years), half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the other half were neighbors of the same sex. Results:Overweight frequency (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2) was 44.5% and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 21.7%. In the multiple multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age group and economic class, there was greater chance of overweight among those that reported dyslipidemia; those that reported arthritis/ arthrosis/rheumatism and that once or more per week replaced supper by a snack were more likely to be obese. Elderly who did not leave home daily and reported diabetes had higher chance of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are associated with worse living and health-related conditions, such as physical inactivity, changes in eating behaviors, and chronic diseases. Public health policies should encourage regular physical activity and healthy eating behaviors, focusing on traditional diet, through nutritional education, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals SUSPECTED INFECTION, ABSENTEEISM AT WORK AND TESTING FOR COVID-19 AMONG NURSING PROFESSIONALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Prado Kantorski ◽  
Michele Mandagará de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Alberto dos Santos Treichel ◽  
Poliana Farias Alves ◽  
Duilia Sedrês Carvalho Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Variance Estimators ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the occurrence of the factors associated with: (1) suspected infection by the virus that causes COVID-19; (2) absenteeism at work due to suspected infection or diagnosis of infection by the virus that causes COVID-19; and (3) performance of tests for the screening of infection by the virus that causes COVID-19 among Nursing professionals. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with 890 nurses in June and July 2020. The associations between the outcomes and the other variables were explored using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators. Results: occurrence of the outcomes was (1) 35.5%, (2) 16.2% and (3) 38.2%, respectively. For suspected infection, associations were observed with assessment of the working conditions as deficient (RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.21-1.99) and with lack of Personal Protective Equipment (RR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06-1.51). Absenteeism at work was associated with the adoption of moderate social distancing (RR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.00-2.21). To perform the screening tests, the associations with links to outpatient (RR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.52-4.01) and hospital (RR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.60-3.89) services stood out, in addition to direct contact with patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses (RR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.33-2.05). Conclusion: despite the high occurrence of suspected infection and a considerable incidence of absenteeism at work among professionals from the various services under study, disparity in access to the screening tests was evidenced, especially with regard to the professionals who work in Primary Care.

scholarly journals Study about Food Choice Determinants According to Six Types of Conditioning Motivations in a Sample of 11,960 Participants

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Elena Bartkiene ◽  
Viktória Szűcs ◽  
Monica Tarcea ◽  
Marija Ljubičić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Environment

Many aspects linked to personal characteristics, society and culture constitute some of the motivators that drive food choice. The aim of this work was to determine in what extent the eating behaviors of individuals are shaped by six different types of determinants, namely: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and commercials. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, involving a non-probabilistic sample of 11,960 participants from 16 countries. The objective of this work was to validate the questionnaire, so as to make it suitable for application in different contexts and different countries. For that, six scales were considered for validation by confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modelling. The obtained results showed that the six individual scales evaluated presented good or very good fitting indices, with saturation in goodness-of-fit index in all cases. The values of chi-square ratio were 6.921 (for health), 0.987 (environment), 0.610 (emotions) and 0.000 in the remaining cases (convenience, society, marketing). Furthermore, the fit was perfect, with saturation for all indices, in three of the six models (convenience, society and marketing). The results of this wok allowed the validation of the six scales, and the assessing of different types of factors that can influence food choices and eating behaviors, namely in the categories: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and commercials.

scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Health Determinants in Spanish Children during the COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4087
Author(s):  
Yolanda González-Rábago ◽  
Andrea Cabezas-Rodríguez ◽  
Unai Martín
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related

The COVID-19 lockdown was imposed in a context of notable inequalities in the distribution of the social determinants of health. It is possible that the housing conditions in which children and their families experienced the confinement, and the adoption of healthy behaviors, may have followed unequal patterns. The aim was to describe social inequalities in housing conditions and in health-related behaviors among children during the lockdown in Spain. This cross-sectional study was based on data from an online survey collecting information on the child population (3–12 years) living in Spain (n = 10,765). The outcome variables used were several housing conditions and health-related behaviors. The socioeconomic variables used were financial difficulties and parents’ educational level. Crude prevalence and prevalence ratios estimated using Poisson models were calculated. During lockdown, children from families with low educational levels and financial difficulties not only tended to live in poor housing conditions, but were also exposed to negative health determinants such as noise and tobacco smoke; they took less physical exercise, had a poorer diet, spent more time in front of screens and had less social contact. A notable social gradient was found in most of the variables analyzed. The results point to the need to incorporate the perspective of equity in the adoption of policies in order to avoid the increase of pre-existing social inequalities in the context of a pandemic.

scholarly journals Does Spiritual Health Contribute To The Oral Health Behaviors in Adolescents?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Ghasemi ◽  
Mahshid Namdari ◽  
Reza Khorankeh ◽  
Soheila Bakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Health Related

Abstract In a search for any correlation between spiritual health and oral health among adolescents, a cross-sectional study was performed. Junior high school students from three cities in Iran, were selected by multi-stage random sampling. They answered a questionnaire including questions on oral health-related behaviors and spiritual health. Majority of the students reported close ties with God. From 20–120, the mean score of spiritual health in these students was 94.29 (± 15.38). Students with higher spiritual health scores more frequently reported acceptable level of brushing, dental visit, and no smoking (p < 0.01). This indicates the significance of spiritual health in achieving healthy behaviors.

scholarly journals Spain’s Hesitation at the Gates of a COVID-19 Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Eguia ◽  
Franco Vinciarelli ◽  
Marina Bosque-Prous ◽  
Troels Kristensen ◽  
Francesc Saigí-Rubió
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Vaccination Hesitancy

(1) Background: This study aims to delineate a pattern on vaccine hesitancy in a sample of the Spanish population, considering age groups and status as healthcare workers. (2) Methods: Participants were recruited using Twitter® as a dissemination tool to reach as many respondents as possible in different parts of the Spanish territory. The participants were recruited in a cross-sectional study, which included answering an online questionnaire. Data were collected from 10 September through 23 November 2020. Respondents answered questions asking whether they intended to be vaccinated and provided the main reason for their answers. To estimate associations between vaccination hesitancy and independent variables, we fit Poisson regression models with robust variance. (3) Results: One thousand and two responses were obtained, of which only 731 were validated. One hundred and sixty-four participants stated that they would not be vaccinated (22.43%), of which 20–24% were non-health workers or unemployed, 17.5% physicians, 31.5% other health workers, and almost 35% nurses. Concerns about lack of effectiveness of the vaccination, lack of safety when vaccinating and possibly dangerous adverse effects were the main causes provided. (4) Conclusions: This study indicates that more interventions are needed to achieve better communication with the population and health professionals. Receptiveness to the message of the importance and security of the COVID-19 vaccination could be an important strategy for improving these results.

scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Breakfast Consumption among Adolescents in Spain: The DESKcohort Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Laura Esquius ◽  
Alicia Aguilar-Martínez ◽  
Marina Bosque-Prous ◽  
Helena González-Casals ◽  
Anna Bach-Faig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Regulation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Breakfast has a critical role in energy balance and dietary regulation. Consequently, it is considered an important component of a healthy diet, especially in adolescence, when there are great opportunities to consolidate habits and establish future patterns of healthiness in adulthood. Socioeconomic position (SEP) causes inequalities that are reflected in health behaviors, physical activity, mental health, and diet. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019–2020 DESKcohort project (Spain) to explore the relationships between breakfast and sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and school performance of 7319 adolescents. Our findings showed that the prevalence of skipping breakfast every day was 19.4% in girls and 13.7% in boys and was related to students’ SEP. The risk of skipping breakfast was 30% higher in girls from the most disadvantaged SEP, in comparison to those in the most advanced SEP (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–1.54). Also, boys from the most disadvantaged SEP showed 28% higher risk of skipping breakfast than those in the most advanced SEP (PR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.04–1.59). In conclusion, future public policies should be adapted considering a SEP and gender perspective to avoid increasing nutritional and health inequalities.

Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

STUDY ON THRIVE SCORE IN THE PROGNOSIS OF ISCHEMIC STROKE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Thi Thao Nhi Tran ◽  
Dinh Toan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Words Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Outcome Mortality ◽  
Better Than

Background and Purpose: Stroke is the second cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability. Using the clinical scale to predict the outcome of the patient play an important role in clinical practice. The Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) score has shown broad utility, allowing prediction of clinical outcome and death. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducting on 102 patients with acute ischemic stroke using THRIVE score. The outcome of patient was assessed by mRankin in the day of 30 after stroke. Statistic analysis using SPSS 15.0. Results: There was 60.4% patient in the group with THRIVE score 0 – 2 points having a good outcome (mRS 0 - 2), patient group with THRIVE score 6 - 9 having a high rate of bad outcome and mortality. Having a positive correlation between THRIVE score on admission and mRankin score at the day 30 after stroke with r = 0.712. THRIVE score strongly predicts clinical outcome with ROC-AUC was 0.814 (95% CI 0.735 - 0.893, p<0.001), Se 69%, Sp 84% and the cut-off was 2. THRIVE score strongly predicts mortality with ROC-AUC was 0.856 (95% CI 0.756 - 0.956, p<0.01), Se 86%, Sp 77% and the cut-off was 3. Analysis of prognostic factors by multivariate regression models showed that THRIVE score was only independent prognostic factor for the outcome of post stroke patients. Conclusions: The THRIVE score is a simple-to-use tool to predict clinical outcome, mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. Despite its simplicity, the THRIVE score performs better than several other outcome prediction tools. Key words: Ischemic stroke, THRIVE, prognosis, outcome, mortality

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