Determinants of the Consumption of Regular Soda, Sport, and Energy Beverages in Spanish Adolescents

Increasing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and associated health impacts warrant health-policy action. We assessed associations of socioeconomic and lifestyle variables with adolescents’ consumption of regular soda (RSD), sport (SD), and energy (ED) drinks. Cross-sectional study of 3930 Spanish adolescents (2089 girls, 1841 boys) aged 13–18 years). We compared frequency of consuming each SSB type (European Food Safety Authority questionnaire) with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (standardized questions). RSD, SD, and ED were consumed at least weekly by 72.7%, 32.3%, and 12.3% of participants, respectively, and more frequently (p < 0.001) by boys, compared to girls. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression showed inverse association between RSD, SD, and ED consumption and parental occupation-based socioeconomic status (p < 0.01). Daily smoking was associated (p < 0.001) with higher ED (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.39–5.55) and RSD (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.56–2.97) consumptions. SD intake was associated inversely with smoking (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40–0.89, p = 0.012) and directly with physical activity (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.18–3.95, p < 0.001). School performance was lower among ED (OR 2.14, 95% CI, 1.37–3.35, p = 0.001) and RSD (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.24–2.64, p = 0.002) consumers, compared to SD. Maleness and low socioeconomic status predicted SSB consumption. Smoking and low school performance were associated with higher ED and RSD intakes.

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Low socioeconomic status aggravated associations of exposure to mixture of air pollutants with obesity in rural Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2020.110632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 194 ◽

pp. 110632

Author(s):

Runqi Tu ◽

Jian Hou ◽

Xiaotian Liu ◽

Ruiying Li ◽

Xiaokang Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic

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Association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinal worm infection in primary school children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi44.3.2004.106-10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Sri Alemina Ginting ◽

Isra Firmansyah ◽

Dedi Satria Putra ◽

Dachrul Aldy ◽

Syahril Pasaribu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Intestinal Worm

Background In Indonesia, medical problems are indicated bydiseases associated with low socioeconomic status. The preva-lence of intestinal worm is still high in Indonesia.Objective The purpose of this study was to find the associationbetween socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinalworm infection.Methods A cross sectional study was done on 120 primary schoolchildren in Suka Village, Karo District, North Sumatra Province.Subjects were selected by means of random sampling. Kato Katzmethod was used in stool examination. Socioeconomic status wasreferred from the Survey Keluarga Sejahtera (Wealth Family Sur-vey) 1998 by the BKKBN (the National Coordination Board onFamily Planning). Data of socioeconomic status were collected byinterview using a questionnaire and analyzed by chi square test; pvalue of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results Eighty-four subjects (70%) suffered from intestinal worminfection. There was no significant association between either age(p=0.811) or nutritional status (p=0.792) and intestinal worm infec-tion, but there was significant association between sex and intes-tinal worm infection (p=0.028). There was also association betweenintestinal worm infection and father’s education (p=0.044). Mother’soccupation had a significant association with intestinal worm in-fection (p=0.001), but father’s occupation (p=0.474) did not. Nei-ther parents’ income (p=0.429) nor socioeconomic status (p=0.098)was associated with intestinal worm infection.Conclusion There was significant association between intestinalworm infection and sex, father’s education or mother’s occupation

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Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i6.35036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Manoj Kumar Singh ◽

Vineet Kumar Singh ◽

Pankaj Kumar ◽

Sheo Pratap Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Female Children ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.

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Accelerometer-measured physical activity among adolescents in a multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2016-0061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andreas Fröberg ◽

Christel Larsson ◽

Christina Berg ◽

Cecilia Boldemann ◽

Anders Raustorp

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Organized Sports ◽

Wear Time

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe and analyze accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity (PA) among adolescents in a multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status (SES). Method: Seventh-graders (n=114 (girls n=66), mean age: 12.8±0.5 y) were recruited from three schools in a multicultural area of the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. Sedentary time and PA were measured with ActiGraph™ accelerometers. Result: Of total wear-time, 70 (±6)% was sedentary, with girls being more sedentary than boys. Girls had less light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) than boys. Similar patterns were shown during in-school and out-of-school hours. During wear-time, 53% had a mean of ≥60 min of MVPA per day, but only 6% of the girls and 24% of the boys were sufficiently physically active every day. Girls had more sedentary bouts of ≥10 min and fewer MVPA bouts of ≥5 min per day than boys. Those who participated in organized sports spent a mean of 15 more minutes of MVPA per day compared to those who did not. No association was observed between body mass index (BMI) and sedentary time and PA. Conclusion: Only a few adolescents from a Swedish multicultural area characterized by low SES met the PA recommendations every day, and girls were more sedentary and less physically active than boys. Adolescents involved in organized sports had more of MVPA per day than their non-involved peers. Sedentary time and PA were not related to BMI.

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Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension among Teachers and Bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2016/4143962 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Girma Fikadu ◽

Seblewengel Lemma

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Public Schools ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economic Changes ◽

Healthy Behaviors

Background. The social and economic changes taking place in developing countries are influencing the pace at which hypertension and its risk factors are expanding. As opposed to the already established inverse association in developed nations, the association between socioeconomic status and hypertension in developing countries is poor and inconsistent. This study aims to determine the association between socioeconomic status and hypertension among teachers and bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. This study is based on a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the prevalence of NCDs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was undertaken among workers of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and teachers of public schools in 2010.Results. Majority of participants were teachers (70.3%). Most of the respondents (54.1%) earn an annual income between 15,000 ETB and 48,000 ETB, and 51.9% of them have educational status of first degree and above. Among the socioeconomic factors income was strongly associated with the odds of having hypertension (AOR: 2.17 with 95% CI: 1.58–2.98).Conclusions. Higher burden of hypertension is observed among teachers and bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Promotion of healthy behaviors and interventions that target higher income groups needs to be put in place.

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Prevalence of psychosocial problems in children with and without epilepsy: A comparative cross-section study.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.04.5800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (04) ◽

pp. 557-563

Author(s):

Erum Afzal ◽

Waqas Imran Khan ◽

Mohammad Khalid Iqbal ◽

Kausar Aftab ◽

Tanveer Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epileptic Children ◽

Group A ◽

And Gender ◽

Group B

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of psychosocial problems in children with and without epilepsy. Study Design: Comparative Cross Sectional study. Settings: The Children’s Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Multan (CH & ICH). Period: July 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: Fifty-nine patients of either gender, 5 -12 years of age, diagnosed as Epilepsy were included in group A. For the group B the patient of same number, age and gender without epilepsy visiting the general outpatient department of the hospital with acute illness were included. The children having known psychiatric disorder, and intellectual disability were excluded. Educational level of parents, socioeconomic status, Time of onset, type, outcome of epilepsy, number of antiepileptic medicines used and EEG findings were noted. Intelligence Quotient of each patient was calculated. A Pediatric Symptom Checklist was used for psychosocial problems in all children. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Result: Out of 118 patients (59 in group A and 59 in group B), 68% (n=73) were male. Mean age of the participants was 10.2years (st dev.±11.1). Patients age ranging between 5-9 years constituted 32% (n=38) while 68% (n=80) were more than 9 to 12 years. Most of the children belonged to low socioeconomic status 66% (n=78). Educational level of parents was below matric in 67.8% (n=80) and 32.2% (n=38) were above matric. In Group A 64.41% (n=38) patients had generalized tonic clonic type of epilepsy, 28.81% (n=17) partial/focal type and 3.39% (n= 2) myoclonic type. In 42% (n=52) of patient’s epilepsy was controlled while in 58% (n=7) patients it was uncontrolled. Psychosocial problems were detected in 59.3% (n=35) patients in epileptic group A while in 23.7% (n=14) in non-epileptic group B. Single use of antiepileptic was important factor causing psychosocial problems in epileptic children. Conclusion: Psychosocial problems are more common in Epileptic children, so psychological evaluation and management must be integral part of their therapy.

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Assessment of Complete Coverage of Expanded Program on Immunization in Children at Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v9i1.501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Qurat ul Ain Khalid ◽

Imran Mahmood Khan ◽

Wajeeha Amber ◽

Aqmal Laeeq Chishti ◽

Khawaja Amjad Hassan

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Complete Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Expanded Program On Immunization

Background: Goal of the expanded program on immunization (EPI) is to ensure full immunization of children under one year of age to globally eradicate poliomyelitis, tetanus, measles-related deaths and to extend all new vaccines and preventive health interventions to children in all parts of the world. Demographic and health survey 2012-13 showed that in Pakistan complete immunization coverage is very low (54%) to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to assess any improvement in terms of vaccination coverage in Pakistan in the last 3-4 years.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at outpatient department of Pediatric Medicine of Mayo Hospital Lahore from May, 2016 till November, 2016. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to include patients after taking informed consent. Demographic details were collected and parents were questioned about different vaccinations received and confirmed through vaccination card. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 20 and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was applied for association among categorical variables.Results: Complete coverage of expanded program on immunization was achieved in 86% children. A statistically significant difference was noted between mother’s education and immunization coverage of children (P-value 0.013).Conclusions: Education of mother and socioeconomic status were two significant factors affecting immunization coverage. In order to meet target of 95% immunization coverage rate set by WHO, more awareness should be created among people with low socioeconomic status along with improvement of immunization facilities in these areas.Key words: Children, Expanded Program on Immunization, Immunization Coverage

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Association between regular walking and periodontitis according to socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49505-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Su-Jin Han ◽

Kwang-Hak Bae ◽

Hyo-Jin Lee ◽

Seon-Jip Kim ◽

Hyun-Jae Cho

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Physical activity reduces the risk and mortality risk of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to examine the relationship between regular walking and periodontitis in a Korean representative sample of adults according to socioeconomic status. Data acquired by the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014 and 2015 were used. The survey was completed by 11,921 (5,175 males; 6,746 females) participants (≥19 years). Individuals without values on periodontitis were excluded, and 9,728 participants remained. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done using socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, income, education), oral health-related variables (flossing, interdental brushing, community periodontal index), oral and general health status and behaviour (smoking, diabetes mellitus), and regular walking. In all models, subjects who walked regularly had significantly lower risks of periodontitis. After adjusting for age, gender, income, education, smoking, diabetes mellitus, flossing, and interdental brushing, the odds ratio for periodontitis in subjects who walked regularly was 0.793 (95% Confidence interval: 0.700–0.898). Non-regular walking groups showed similar social gradients. Risk of low socioeconomic status was not significant in the regular walking group after adjusting for age, gender, income, and education. This study found that regular walking is associated to lower prevalence of periodontitis and can attenuate the relationship between periodontitis and low socioeconomic status.

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Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections among Young Population in Northeast Brazil

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2016/6239434 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliana Vasconcelos Lyra da Silva ◽

Gilberto Fontes ◽

Célia Dias dos Santos ◽

Rafael Vital dos Santos ◽

Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Family Income ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background. Intestinal parasitic infections constitute a major public health problem that is frequently associated with poverty, inadequate sanitation, and the nutritional status of the population.Objective. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible association of parasitic infections, sanitary conditions, hygiene practices, and the nutritional and socioeconomic status of a poor youth population.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 367 children and adolescents inhabiting a substandard settlement in the urban area of Maceió (Alagoas State, Brazil). Data collection included socioeconomic status, anthropometric measurements, fecal sample examinations, and laboratory blood analysis. The identification of factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitic infections was undertaken through bi- and multivariate analyses.Results. Stool sample analysis obtained from 300 individuals revealed that 204 (68%) were infected with at least one parasite species and of these 130 (63.7%) were polyparasitized. No significant associations were identified between low height for age (stunted), parasitic infections, and polyparasitism. There was also no association between family income and parasitosis. However, low socioeconomic status proved to be a potential risk factor for parasitic infections.Conclusion. Actions must be taken to improve sanitation, housing, and environmental conditions in order to eliminate the risk factors for parasitic infections, and thereby guarantee a better quality of life for this population.

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