scholarly journals Study of the Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Myo-Inositol and Its Influence on Zebrafish Development

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3346
Author(s):  
Tomasz Antonowski ◽  
Karol Wiśniewski ◽  
Piotr Podlasz ◽  
Adam Osowski ◽  
Joanna Wojtkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Zebrafish Development ◽  
Natural Substance ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Doses

Inositol is a natural substance found widely in plants. It is used in therapies for many medical cases. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of myo-inositol (MI) and to investigate its potential hepatoprotective character. In the first part of the study, zebrafish embryos were incubated with 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/mL MI. Endpoints such as survivability, hatching rate, malformation, and mobility were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that the high doses of MI lead to increased mortality and malformations and reduce the hatching rate in comparison to the control group. Moreover, low doses of this compound do not produce a negative effect on zebrafish and even have the ability to increase the hatchingrate and mobility. In the second part of the study, the hepatoprotective effect of MI was tested. Zebrafish larvae from the line Tg(fabp10a:DsRed) were incubated for 24 h with 1% and 2% ethanol (EtOH),5 mg/mL of MI with 1% EtOH, and 5 mg/mL of MI with 2% EtOH. No significant differences between the groups with EtOH and the group treated with EtOH with MI were observed. Our results suggest that MI has no positive benefits on hepatocytes of zebrafish larvae.

An approach to evaluating the potential teratogenic and neurotoxic mechanism of BHA based on apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712095214
Author(s):  
A Baran ◽  
S Yildirim ◽  
A Ghosigharehaghaji ◽  
İ Bolat ◽  
E Sulukan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
The Brain

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) has been widely used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to its antioxidant activity. Despite the antioxidant effects, reported adverse effects of BHA at the cellular level have made its use controversial. In this regard, this study was performed to elucidate the potential toxicity mechanism caused by BHA at the molecular level in zebrafish embryos. For this purpose, zebrafish embryos were exposed to BHA at levels of 0.5, 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm and monitored at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Survival rate, hatching rate and malformations were evaluated. We examined the potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis signalling accumulation in the whole body. Moreover, we evaluated histopathological and immunohistochemical (8-OHDG) characterization of the brain in zebrafish embryos at the 96th hour. We also examined apoptosis, histopathological and immunohistochemical (8-OHDG) characteristics in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae exposed to tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), one of the major metabolites of BHA, at doses of 0.5, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 ppm. Consequently, it has been considered that increased embryonic and larval malformations in this study may have been caused by ROS-induced apoptosis. After 96 h of exposure, positive 8-OHdG immunofluorescence, degenerative changes, and necrosis were observed in the brain of BHA and TBHQ-treated zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. BHA and TBHQ exposure could lead to an increase in 8-OHdG activities by resulting oxidative DNA damage. In particular, the obtained data indicate that the induction of ROS formation, occurring during exposure to BHA and/or multiple hydroxyl groups, could be responsible for apoptosis.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Content Analysis and Toxicity Assessment of Oil-Based Drilling Mud using Zebrafish Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
Nanthini Sridewi ◽  
Siti Nurbariah ◽  
Syahida Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Drilling Muds

Aim: Used oil-based drilling muds (OBDMs) are toxic to marine organisms due to the fluid’s complex chemical nature. The illegal dumping of used OBDMs is still rampant in many parts of the world despite of the stringent laws and regulations pertaining to its disposal. To date, study of the assessment of heavy metal content in used OBDMs from the Malaysian oil and gas industry has been limited. Furthermore, the study of the toxic effect of OBDMs using a zebrafish embryo model has never been reported before. Therefore, in this research, the used oil-based drilling muds (OBDMs) were analyzed for their heavy metal content and toxicity against Zebrafish embryos. Methods: Used OBDMs were collected from an Anchor Handling Tug Supply (AHTS) vessel mud tank from Kemaman, Terengganu. The heavy metal content in the mud was analyzed using ICP-AES. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to OBDMs of varying concentrations (i.e., 0.25 mg/ml, 0.125 mg/ml, 0.06 mg/ml, 0.03 mg/ml, 0.015 mg/ml, 0.0076 mg/ml, 0.0034 mg/ml and 0.0019 mg/ml). The toxicity and teratogenicity of the mud on zebrafish embryos were assessed every 24 hours, for 96 hours, using endpoints like embryo mortality, heart rate and hatching rate. Results: The heavy metal content of used OBDMs had the highest concentration of barium (Ba) 2360 ppm, followed by lead (Pb) 120 ppm, zinc (Zn) 104 ppm, arsenic (As) 9 ppm, and chromium (Cr) 16 ppm, with cadmium (Cd) concentration of less than 1 ppm being the lowest. The Ba (2360 mg/L) concentration in the OBDM sample exceeded the concentration of Ba in normal marine sediment reported to be around 2000 mg/L. The 96 h LC50 of the OBDM in zebrafish embryos was reported to be 0.005 mg/mL (5 ppm). Zebrafish embryos that were exposed to high concentrations of OBDMs exhibited a lower hatching rate and reduced heart rate than the control group. Conclusion: The findings of this study are indicative of the highly toxic nature of used OBDMs and its dosage-dependent teratogenicity effects on zebrafish embryo. Knowledge of the potential environmental impacts of OBDMs released into the marine environment can be the basis for prudent decision-making that will help minimize environmental damage.

Sperm Quality in Mouse After Exposure to Low Doses of TCDD

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 931-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Yehia Anwar Elsayed ◽  
Esvieta Tenorio Borroto ◽  
Alberto Barbabosa Pliego ◽  
Jorge Acosta Dibarrat ◽  
Fabiola Rivera Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
High Doses

Background: In the last decade, the harmful use of dioxin has been demonstrated in human health and in the whole environment. It is well known among scientists that 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental pollutant that causes endocrine disruption, which causes male reproductive toxicity. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of low doses of TCDD in male CD1 mice. Materials and Methods: Three concentrations of TCDD (0.375, 0.75, 1.5 mg / kg) were analyzed and the effects on spermatozoa were evaluated 10 days after oral administration of the product. As bioindicators of TCDD toxicity, an exhaustive analysis of several spermatic parameters including motility, vitality, count, morphology and viability, flow cytometry was used to determine the affected sperm population by cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In addition, a morphometric analysis of testicles was performed. Results: The results show that the body weight of the treated animals was reduced in medium and high doses (0.75, 1.5 mg / kg) with respect to the control groups. In the groups treated with TCDD, the abnormal head of the sperm increased by 52.5% more than the control group. Significant differences in apoptosis were observed between the negative control and vehicle control, including the median dose (0.75 mg / kg). Conclusion: It is concluded that at these low doses there was an impact on the quality of the mouse sperm, adding an effect on apoptosis and cytotoxicity of sperm exposed to these doses of TCDD.

Use of single or multiple injections of FSH in embryo collection programmes in goats

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Batt ◽  
ID Killeen ◽  
AW Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses

The yield of embryos from goats treated with single injections of FSH combined with low doses of PMSG was compared with that from goats treated with conventional superovulatory regimens based on multiple doses of FSH. In one experiment, 101 female goats were assigned to 10 groups. One group received six injections of FSH-P (FSH-P control); a second group received eight injections of Ovagen (Ovagen control). The remaining eight groups conformed to a 2x2x2 factorial design in which goats received a single injection of a low or high dose of either FSH-P or Ovagen in combination with a low or high dose of PMSG. All goats were run with harnessed, entire bucks. Ovaries were examined by laparoscopy and embryos were recovered from goats that had ovulated and been mated. The mean number of normal embryos collected per goat was significantly greater in the FSH-P control group in all except those groups treated with either low or high doses of PMSG combined with a low dose of Ovagen or a low dose of PMSG combined with a high dose of Ovagen. Most goats ovulated and ovulation rates were not significantly different from the mean of the FSH-P control, except for those treated with a low dose of FSH-P combined with either low or high doses of PMSG. Embryo recovery rates were significantly lower in groups treated with a high dose of PMSG combined with a high dose of either Ovagen or FSH-P, or with low doses of PMSG and FSH-P, than in the FSH-P control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Effect of Chilli Extract on Gastroprotective Function in Male

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tahyatul Bariroh ◽  
Siska Siska
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Genus Capsicum ◽  
Unique Compound

Chilli is one of plant from genus Capsicum and as vegetable commodities most consumed by the Indonesian people. Chilli contains a unique compound called capsaicin which gives a burning sensation like burning when consumed. This research aims to determine the effect of chilli extract on gastroprotection in the stomach of mice. The study used 35 white male rats were divided into seven groups, one group as the control group, and six groups were given extracts from three varieties of chilli (red chilli, green chilli, and chilli) with high doses (1 g / kg bb) and low doses (0.5 g / kg bb) for 14 days. On the 15th day, gastric decapitation and isolation were carried out to make histological preparations of the rat's stomach. The results showed mucosal tissue in the stomach of rats given a dose of 0.5 g/kg BW remained in normal condition compared to the group of rats given high doses of chilli. In this group, a lot of damage to the gastric mucosal tissue of rats (ulcers). This study concludes that consuming 0.5 g/kg BW chilli does not cause damage to the gastric mucosal tissue of rats.Keywords: Chilli, Gastric mucose, Gastroprotective

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BONE MARROW MSCs ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSTTRANSPLANT CHANGES IN KIDNES

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Onishchenko ◽  
S. S. Meshcherin ◽  
I. M. Ilyinsky ◽  
V. I. Sevastianov
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Group V ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Kidney Autotransplantation

Aim:to study of infl uence of various doses of autologous BM MSCs on the development of chronic transplant nephropathy in a decentralized kidney using kidney autotransplantation model (KAT).Materials and methods.Five groups of experiments were performed on 105 Wistar rats. The model of kidney autotransplantation by means of surgical decentralization (denervation – delymphatization) and infl ammation induction with kidney antigen and Freund’s adjuvant was created in groups I, II and III. Group I served as a decentralization control (control 1). In groups II and III autologous BM MSCs were injected intravenously once 35–40 days after surgery – a high dose in group II: 3.0–5.0×106 cells; a low dose in group III: 0.3–0.5×106 cells; group IV served as intact control; group V served as intact control with the injection of the same dose of BM MSCs as in group II. Kidney excretory functions (diuresis, creatinine, urea, protein in blood and urine, sodium excretion) and morphology were examined during months 3, 5 and 7–10.Results.In all five groups over the study duration nitrogen excretion was not disrupted. High doses of BM MSCs after KAT modeling resulted after month 3 in pronounced proteinuria in all rats (3–3.5 times more than in group I) and gradually decreased diuresis; histologically severe focal cell infiltration and the accumulation of protein masses in lumina of glomeruli and tubules were observed. By month 10 glomerular and tubulointerstitial focal sclerosis was developed. Low doses of BM MSCs after KAT modeling led to gradual decrease of proteinuria after month 3 reaching the initial values by months 5 and 7 of observation; histologically rare foci of cellular infiltration around glomeruli were observed.Conclusion.A single application of low doses of BM MSCs is capable of protective desensitizing infl uence on the tissue of decentralized kidney and can prolong the duration of kidney function without signs of pronounced damage, while under the same conditions high doses of autologous BM MSCs lead to accelerated development of severe chronic transplant nephropathy.

ANTAGONISTIC ACTION OF NORETHYNODREL ON THE TESTOSTERONE-DEPENDENT PROCESS OF FRUCTOSE FORMATION IN MOUSE SEX ACCESSORY ORGANS

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Thomas ◽  
Edward T. Knych
Keyword(s):  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT Norethynodrel antagonized the fructose stimulating effects of exogenous testosterone in sex accessory organs of castrate mice. It was antiandrogenic at both low doses (50 μg) and high doses (400 μg) of testosterone. Norethindrone and ethisterone suppressed fructose formation in the testosterone-treated castrate mouse, but not as effectively as norethynodrel. Norethandrolone exerted no antagonistic activity.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Norazila Yusoff ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Nurul Wahida Othman ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Maizom Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Female Ratio

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

scholarly journals Effect of Honey and Syrup Diets Enriched with 1,3-1,6 β-Glucans on Honeybee Survival Rate and Phenoloxidase Activity (Apis mellifera L. 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Simona Sagona ◽  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Elena Tafi ◽  
Matteo Giusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Negative Effect ◽  
Combined Action

β-glucans can activate the animal innate immune system by acting as immune-modulators and inducing various stimulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans administered orally for 96 h on Apis mellifera workers (newly emerged and nurse bees). β-glucans were included in honey and syrup. Survival rate and phenoloxidase activity were measured. In both newly emerged and nurse bees, β-glucans supplementation did not affect survival rate (p > 0.05). Conversely, phenoloxidase activity was higher in both newly emerged bees (p = 0.048) and nurse bees (p = 0.014) fed with a honey diet enriched with β-glucans compared to those fed with only honey. In both the newly emerged and nurse bees, no statistical differences in phenoloxidase activity were recorded between the group fed with a syrup-based diet enriched with β-glucans and the control group (p > 0.05). The absence of significant variation in survival suggests that the potential negative effect of β-glucans in healthy bees could be mitigated by their metabolism. Conversely, the inclusion of β-glucans in a honey-based diet determined an increase of phenoloxidase activity, suggesting that the effect of β-glucan inclusion in the diet of healthy bees on phenoloxidase activity could be linked to the type of base-diet. Further investigations on β-glucans metabolism in bees, on molecular mechanism of phenoloxidase activation by 1,3-1,6 β-glucans, and relative thresholds are desirable. Moreover, investigation on the combined action of honey and β-glucans on phenoloxidase activity are needed.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of galangin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity via the LKB1/AMPK pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110008
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Xinyan Song ◽  
Jifang Jiang ◽  
Lei Xing ◽  
Pengfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Expression Levels

To investigate the protective effects of galangin on liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Mouse hepatotoxicity model was established by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 10 ml/kg body weight CCl4 that diluted with corn oil to a proportion of 1:500 on Kunming mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups named control group, model group, and 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg galangin group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed by ELISA. Liver histopathological examination was observed via optical microscopy. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathion (GSSG) were analyzed to assess oxidative stress. Finally, western blot assay was carried out to analyse the expression levels of total AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK), total liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and phospho-LKB1 (p-LKB1). Compared with the control group, in the model group, the levels of AST, ALT, MDA, and GSSG increased significantly ( p < 0.01); the activity of SOD and GSH decreased significantly ( p < 0.01); and the histopathological examination revealed liver necrosis. However, treatment with galangin (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reversed these CCl4-induced liver damage indicators. Furthermore, treatment with galangin (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the p-AMPK and p-LKB1 expression levels ( p < 0.01). This study supports the hepatoprotective effect of galangin against hepatotoxicity, perhaps occurring mainly through the LKB1/AMPK-mediated pathway.

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