Novel Healthy Eating Index to Examine Daily Food Guides Adherence and Frailty in Older Taiwanese

This study was conducted to investigate the adherence of Daily Food Guides (DFGs) among older Taiwanese, and the relationship of dietary quality and frailty. 154 functional independent older adults who were retirement home residents or community dwellers involved in congregate meal services were recruited. DFGs adherence was measured using a novel Taiwanese Healthy Index (T-HEI). Dietary quality was further assessed using Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Frailty was defined using modified Fried’s criteria. Of the total participants, 12.3% were considered non-frail individuals, while 77.3% were prefrail, and 10.4% were frail. Compared to non-frail participants, prefrail and frail individuals indicated significantly lower adherence to DFGs (ptrend = 0.025). Intake of dark or orange vegetables (ptrend = 0.010), whole grains (ptrend = 0.007), as well as nuts and seeds (ptrend = 0.029) by non-frail individuals were significantly higher than the levels by prefrail and frail individuals. Linear regression model adjusted for age, gender, and functional ability showed that T-HEI was inversely associated with frailty status (β = −0.16 ± 0, p = 0.047), but additional adjustment for nutritional status attenuated the association (β = −0.14 ± 0, p = 0.103). A similar relationship was observed for DASH but not MDS (DASH: β = −0.18 ± 0.01, p = 0.024; MDS: β = −0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.465). After adjustment for confounders, the association was not observed. However, the distribution of whole grains component in both DASH and MDS was significantly higher in non-frail than prefrail and frail individuals, indicating the importance of whole grains intake in frailty prevention. In conclusion, higher adherence to DFGs and better dietary quality were associated with a lower prevalence of frailty. Higher nutrient-dense foods intake such as whole grains, dark or orange vegetables, nuts, and seeds mark a watershed in frailty prevention.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Mediator of the Relationship of Recreational Screen Time on Mediterranean Diet Score in Schoolchildren

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4490

Author(s):

José Francisco López-Gil ◽

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽

Pedro Juan Tárraga López ◽

Juan Luis Yuste Lucas

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Diet Score ◽

Lower Adherence

Background: Studies have reported the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet as well as lower recreational screen time. Similarly, higher screen time has been negatively linked to a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, the mediator effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on the influence of screen time on adherence to the Mediterranean diet is still unknown. The aim of this study was two-fold: first, to assess the combined association of recreational screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adherence to Mediterranean diet among Spanish schoolchildren, and second, to elucidate whether the association between recreational screen time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 370 schoolchildren aged 6–13 years from six schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain) were included. Results: The mediation analysis showed that once screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness were included together in the model, cardiorespiratory fitness was positively linked to adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p = 0.020) and although screen time remained negatively related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, this association was slightly attenuated (indirect effect = −0.027; 95% CI = (−0.080, −0.002)). Conclusions: This research supports that cardiorespiratory fitness may reduce the negative association between screen time and Mediterranean dietary patterns.

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Abstract P108: Metabolic Profile Of Diet Quality In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Meghana Gadgil ◽

Alexis F Wood ◽

Ibrahim Karaman ◽

Goncalo Gomes Da Graca ◽

Ioanna Tzoulaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Spectral Feature ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Elastic Net ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Spectral Features ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Diet Score

Introduction: Poor dietary quality is a well-known risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), however metabolites marking adherence to U.S. dietary guidelines are unknown. Our goal was to determine a pattern of metabolites associated with the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). We hypothesize that there will be metabolites positively and negatively associated with the HEI-2015 score, including those previously linked to diabetes and CVD. Methods: Sample: 2269 adult men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) longitudinal cohort study without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Data/specimens: Fasting serum specimens, diet and demographic questionnaires at baseline. Metabolomics: Untargeted 1 H NMR CPMG spectroscopy (600 MHz) annotated by internal and external reference data sets. Statistical analysis: Metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) using linear regression models specifying each spectral feature as the outcome in separate models, HEI-2015 score as the predictor, and adjustment for age, sex, race, and study site, accounting for multiple comparisons. Elastic net regularized regression was used to select an optimal subset of features associated with HEI-2015 score. Separately, hierarchical clustering defined discrete groups of correlated NMR features also tested for association with HEI-2015 score. Results: MWAS identified 1914 spectral features significantly associated with the HEI-2015 diet score. After elastic net regression, 35 metabolomic spectral features remained associated with HEI-2015 diet score. Cluster analysis identified seven clusters, three of which were significantly associated with HEI-2015 score after Bonferroni correction. (Table) Conclusions: Cholesterol moieties, proline betaine, proline/glutamate and fatty acyls chains were significantly associated with higher diet quality in the MESA cohort. Further analysis may clarify the link between dietary quality, metabolites, and pathogenesis of diabetes and CVD.

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Association between self-reported sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512006046 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 949-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Sarah Bel ◽

Nathalie Michels ◽

Tineke De Vriendt ◽

Emma Patterson ◽

Magdalena Cuenca-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Insufficient Sleep ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Evidence has grown supporting the role for short sleep duration as an independent risk factor for weight gain and obesity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents. The sample consisted of 1522 adolescents (aged 12·5–17·5 years) participating in the European multi-centre cross-sectional ‘Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence’ study. Sleep duration was estimated by a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24 h recalls. The Diet Quality Index for Adolescents with Meal index (DQI-AM) was used to calculate overall dietary quality, considering the components dietary equilibrium, dietary diversity, dietary quality and a meal index. An average sleep duration of ≥ 9 h was classified as optimal, between 8 and 9 h as borderline insufficient and < 8 h as insufficient. Sleep duration and the DQI-AM score were positively associated (β = 0·027, r 0·130, P< 0·001). Adolescents with insufficient (62·05 (sd 14·18)) and borderline insufficient sleep (64·25 (sd 12·87)) scored lower on the DQI-AM than adolescents with an optimal sleep duration (64·57 (sd 12·39)) (P< 0·001; P= 0·018). The present study demonstrated in European adolescents that short sleep duration was associated with a lower dietary quality. This supports the hypothesis that the health consequences of insufficient sleep may be mediated by the relationship of insufficient sleep to poor dietary quality.

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Self-Perception of Aging and Frailty Phenotype Among HIV+ and HIV- Older Men

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 824-824

Author(s):

Michael Plankey ◽

Karen Nieves-Lugo ◽

Deanna Ware ◽

Sabina Haberlen ◽

Keri Althoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multicenter Aids Cohort Study ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Self Perception ◽

Frailty Phenotype ◽

Sample Median ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Status Assessment ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Self-perception of aging is an important predictor of health. We examined the relationship of self-perception of aging (age discrepancy and aging satisfaction) with frailty phenotype between HIV+ and HIV- men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. 499 HIV+ and 549 HIV- men were included in the analytic sample (median age 61 years IQR 56-66 years). Frailty status was based on the Fried frailty phenotype and measured at semi-annual study visits beginning 3/2015 or 9/2015, 3/2016 and 3/2019. Baseline frailty was: HIV- 8.9%; HIV+ 13.9%. Low aging satisfaction and feeling older was positively associated with remaining frail (ORs: 6.64;95%CI:3.88-11.38; 5.68; 95%CI:3.06-10.56) or transitioning between non-frail and frail states (ORs: 2.72;95%CI:1.56-4.74; 2.50; 95%CI:1.11-5.64),), over a 3-year period. There was no statistically significant difference by HIV status. Assessment of self-perception of aging may be useful in the setting of frailty evaluation among HIV+ and HIV- men.

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Postoperative Dietary Quality is Poor after Major Musculoskeletal Trauma

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa055_022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1137-1137

Author(s):

Aspen Miller ◽

John Davison ◽

Nathan Hendrickson ◽

Brandon Koch ◽

Michael Willey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Diet Analysis ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dietary Reference Intake ◽

Acute Fracture ◽

Operative Fixation ◽

Musculoskeletal Trauma

Abstract Objectives Musculoskeletal trauma often leads to prolonged functional deficits. Adequate dietary intake and supplementation improves clinical outcomes after surgical fixation of hip fracture in older adults. The role of post-operative nutrition after acute fracture has not been elucidated. Our objective was to describe dietary deficiencies after operative fixation of acute fracture in young adults. Methods An observational, cohort study identified patients aged 18–55 years presenting to a Level 1 trauma center with pelvic or extremity fracture indicated for operative fixation. Dietary intake was measured using Automated Self- Administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24®) in weeks 1, 2, and 4 postoperatively. Individual macro- and micro-nutrients for each subject were summarized using arithmetic means. Inadequate nutritional intake was determined using Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values reported by the Institute of Medicine. The Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) score was calculated based on ASA24® data as described by the USDA. Results Most subjects were healthy preoperatively, 98% had ≤1 comorbidity. Eighty-four % of injures were to the lower extremities, and 59% were isolated. The majority of subjects (78%) discharged home. An average of 3.9 surveys were filled out per subject. Dietary intake overall was inadequate; 72% did not meet calorie needs. Protein intake was inadequate in 66%. All subjects did not meet DRIs for fiber, vitamin E, or potassium. More than 50% did not meet DRI for calcium, iron, magnesium, folate, vitamins C, A, or K. Added sugar and saturated fat intake exceeded recommendations in 38% and 41% of subjects respectively. Intake of beneficial foods such as whole grains and vegetables were inadequate in 100% of subjects; fruit intake was inadequate in 88%. The mean HEI-2015 score was 44.7 (±11.4 SD) across all time points. Conclusions In a population of previously healthy, young adults with major musculoskeletal trauma, dietary quality was poor compared to the average for the US population, 44.7 vs 59 HEI-2015. Diet analysis revealed a concerning lack of vegetables, whole grains, multiple micronutrients, and total calories. This data provides goals for adequate nutritional supplementation after musculoskeletal trauma. Funding Sources No payments were received to conduct this research study.

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Determination of Phosphine Residues in Whole Grains and Soybeans by Ion Chromatography via Conversion to Phosphate

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/81.6.1190 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 1190-1201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marvin Carlson ◽

Richard D Thompson

Keyword(s):

Colorimetric Method ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Aluminum Phosphide ◽

Precision Data ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Suppressed Conductivity Detection ◽

Phosphine Residues ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract An ion chromatographic (IC) method was developed for determining phosphine (PH3) in whole grains (barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, and wheat) and soybeans. The method converts phosphine to phosphate (i.e., orthophosphate) and isolates the phosphate by IC with eluent-suppressed conductivity detection. Recoveries of unbound phosphine by the method were similar to those obtained by an established colorimetric method for 7 different products fortified at 3 levels. Mean recoveries were low (i.e., 30-60%) and varied with product type and level of fortification. Recoveries of PH3 from previously fumigated products fortified with aluminum phosphide ranged from 19.0% for barley fortified at 0.734 ppm to 88.3% for corn fortified at 1.691 ppm. Precision data from 3 products based on replicate analyses (n = 4 or 5) gave relative standard deviations of 1.78-4.66% for mean laboratory-fumigated PH3 levels of 0.679-1.309 ppm. Estimated limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for PH3 were 0.010 μg/g (10 ppb) and 0.0275 μg/g (27.5 ppb) at signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 4:1 and 10:1, respectively. These values were also determined for a nonchemically suppressed IC system with LOD of 0.02 μg/g (20 ppb) and LOQ of 0.055 μg/g (55 ppb) at S/N of 4:1 and 10:1, respectively. Phosphate response was linear over the concentration range equivalent to 0.30-10.0 fig P/mL, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.9988 based on replicate standard curves. The relationship of product composition to recovery from various products was also examined.

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Dietary Quality Determined by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Biomarkers of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Middle-to-Older Aged Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seán R. Millar ◽

Pilar Navarro ◽

Janas M. Harrington ◽

Ivan J. Perry ◽

Catherine M. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diet Score

Low-grade systemic inflammation is associated with a range of chronic diseases. Diet may modulate inflammation and represents a promising therapeutic target to reduce metabolic dysfunction. To date, no study has examined Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) diet score associations with biomarkers of inflammation. Thus, our objective was to assess relationships between the HEI-2015 score and a range of inflammatory biomarkers in a cross-sectional sample of 1989 men and women aged 46–73 years, to test the hypothesis that better dietary quality would be associated with more favourable circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines, acute-phase response proteins, coagulation factors and white blood cell counts were determined. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to test HEI-2015 diet score relationships with biomarker concentrations. Higher dietary quality as determined by the HEI-2015 was associated with lower c-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) counts and its constituents, adjusting for sex and age. Associations with CRP concentrations and WBC counts persisted in the fully adjusted models. No associations with complement component 3, tumour necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, leptin, resistin or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were identified. Our data suggest that dietary quality, determined by the HEI-2015 score, in middle-to-older aged adults is associated with inflammatory biomarkers related to cardiometabolic health.

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Abstract 2374: Whole Grain Intake in Relation to Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Lipoprotein Subclasses in a Multi-ethnic Cohort: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_520-a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Philip Mellen ◽

Angela Liese ◽

Steven Haffner ◽

David Goff

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Particle Concentration ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Apo B ◽

Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽

Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Lipid Parameters

Context: Whole grain intake is inversely associated with LDL-c and the metabolic syndrome, but the relationship of whole grains with other lipid parameters, such as small, dense LDL, is not established. We sought to evaluate the relationship of whole grain intake with lipids, apolipoproteins, and LDL lipoprotein subclasses in a large, multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 975 non-diabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Baseline whole grain intake was estimated based on intake of dark breads, cooked cereals, and high-fiber cereals assessed in a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting lipid measurements included apolipoproteins and lipoprotein subclasses quantified by NMR spectroscopy. Linear regression models evaluated lipid parameters across quartile of whole grain intake after adjustment for demographics (age, sex, ethnicity, center), anthropometrics (BMI, waist circumference), lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol intake), dietary factors (total kcal, fruits, vegetables, dietary fats) and lipid-lowering medication use. Additional models included directly measured insulin sensitivity (Si). Results: The cohort was 56% female, had a mean (SD) age of 54.8 (8.5) years, and was 60% non-white, with a median whole grain intake of .73 servings/day. In adjusted models, there was an inverse association between whole grain intake and LDL-c, Apo-B, Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio, LDL particle concentration (LDL-p), and small LDL-p (Table ). These associations remained significant after adjustment for Si (LDL-c: p=.007; Apo-B: p=.04; Apo-B/Apo-A1: p=.03; LDL-p: p=.03; small LDL-p: p=.03). Conclusion: Whole grain intake is inversely associated with multiple lipid risk factors, including total and small LDL particle concentration, independent of insulin sensitivity and other confounders. This demonstrates additional mechanisms for the cardioprotective effects of whole grains.

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The Relationship of Diet Quality with Proportion of Daily Energy Contributed by Sandwiches Varies by Age over Adulthood in Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092807 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2807

Author(s):

Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski ◽

May A. Beydoun ◽

Nancy Cotugna ◽

Elizabeth Schwenk ◽

Michele K. Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Racially Diverse ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Study Participants ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

Sandwiches are considered a staple in diets of United States adults. Previous research with Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study participants revealed that 16% consume a sandwich dietary pattern providing with 44% of their daily energy. Yet, little is known about the effect of sandwiches on diet quality over time. The study objectives were to determine the relationship of energy contributed by sandwiches to diet quality in this socioeconomically and racially diverse sample categorized by age (<50 years and ≥50 years at baseline) and to describe patterns of sandwich consumption over ~12 years. The analyses included a series of linear mixed-effects regression models, with age as the time variable centered at 50 years. In each model, the main outcome was Healthy Eating Index-2010 score with up to three scores, while the main predictor was % total energy from sandwiches (0, >0–20%, >20%) measured concurrently at each visit. Diet quality of older men with income <125% poverty improved over time for those consuming >0–20% and >20% energy from sandwiches compared to young women with incomes >125% poverty who were non-reporters of sandwiches (β ± SE: 10.93 ± 5.27, p = 0.01; 13.11 ± 4.96, p = 0.01, respectively). The three most common sandwich types reported, in descending order, were cold cuts, beef, and poultry.

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Lifestyle Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score in US Adolescents

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1492-1492

Author(s):

Suzanne Summer ◽

Todd Jenkins ◽

Thomas Inge ◽

Ranjan Deka ◽

Jane Khoury

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

At Risk ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Continuous Measure ◽

Z Score ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal obesity that increases risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. MetS affects ∼10% of US adolescents, but more may be at risk. The MetS severity z-score (MetS-z) is a continuous measure that may be useful for indicating MetS risk. Preventing at-risk adolescents from developing MetS may be achievable through changes in lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of lifestyle-related factors with MetS-z in adolescents. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adolescents (12 to 19 y) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016. MetS-z was calculated from sex- and race-specific equations developed for adolescents. Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD, representing abdominal visceral fat) was obtained using NHANES standard procedures. Dietary intake was estimated via two 24-hour diet recall interviews and used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 total (range 0–100) and component scores (range 0–10) indicating diet quality. Physical activity (PA, minutes/week of voluntary moderate or vigorous exercise) was reported by participants to trained interviewers and used to determine adherence to national PA guidelines of at least 60 min/day. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship of HEI scores, SAD and physical activity with MetS-z. Results Sample size was 1291 (49% female, 50% white) adolescents. Means (SEM) were: Age, 15.4 y (0.09); BMI z-score, 0.63 (0.04); MetS-z, −0.08 (0.03); SAD, 18.3 cm (0.14); and HEI score, 47.4 (0.46). Median min/week of PA was 178.5, with 30.4% of adolescents meeting PA guidelines. The final model (R2 = 0.53) included age, SAD (β = 0.17, P < 0.0001), HEI score (β = −0.003, P = 0.09), and physical activity (β = −0.005, P = 0.69). Conclusions US adolescents consume a poor-quality diet and less than half meet physical activity guidelines, yet as a group they have a MetS z-score <0, indicating low overall risk. SAD had a significant, positive association with MetS-z. While physical activity and diet were not significant in the model, results suggest the need for improvement of overall diet quality to potentially reduce risk of MetS and related chronic diseases in youth. Funding Sources None.

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