scholarly journals Iodine: Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Beyond

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4469
Author(s):  
Salvatore Sorrenti ◽  
Enke Baldini ◽  
Daniele Pironi ◽  
Augusto Lauro ◽  
Valerio D'Orazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Living Organisms

The present review deals with the functional roles of iodine and its metabolism. The main biological function of iodine concerns its role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) by the thyroid gland. In addition, however, further biological roles of iodine have emerged. Precisely, due to its significant action as scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iodine is thought to represent one of the oldest antioxidants in living organisms. Moreover, iodine oxidation to hypoiodite (IO−) has been shown to possess strong bactericidal as well as antiviral and antifungal activity. Finally, and importantly, iodine has been demonstrated to exert antineoplastic effects in human cancer cell lines. Thus, iodine, through the action of different tissue-specific peroxidases, may serve different evolutionarily conserved physiological functions that, beyond TH biosynthesis, encompass antioxidant activity and defense against pathogens and cancer progression.

scholarly journals Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) expression and prognostic analysis in breast, lung, liver, and ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Tabassum ◽  
Md. Nazmus Samdani ◽  
Tarak Chandra Dhali ◽  
Rahat Alam ◽  
Foysal Ahammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Prognostic Analysis ◽  
Cancer Types

Abstract Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) is a transporter protein that represent tumor antigen in the MHC I or HLA complex. Any defect in the TAP1 gene resulting in inadequate tumor tracking. TAP1 influences multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancer cell lines and hinders the treatment during chemotherapeutic. The association of TAP1 in cancer progression remains mostly unknown and further study of the gene in relation with cancer need to conduct. Thus, the study has designed to analyze the association between the TAP1 with cancer by computationally. The expression pattern of the gene has determined by using ONCOMINE, GENT2, and GEPIA2 online platforms. The protein level of TAP1 was examined by the help of Human Protein Atlas. Samples with different clinical outcomes were investigated to evaluate the expression and promoter methylation in cancer vs. normal tissues by using UALCAN server. The copy number alteration, mutation frequency, and expression level of the gene in different cancer were analyzed by using cBioPortal server. The PrognoScan and KM plotter platforms were used to perform the survival analysis and represented graphically. Additionally, pathway and gene ontology (GO) features correlated to the TAP1 gene were analyzed and presented by bar charts. After arranging the data in a single panel like correlating expression to prognosis, mutational and alterations characteristic, and pathways analysis, we observed some interesting insights that emphasized the importance of the gene in cancer progression. The study found the relationship between the TAP1 expression pattern and prognosis in different cancer tissues and shows how TAP1 affects the clinical characteristics. The analytical data presented in the study is vital to learn about the effect of TAP1 in tumor tissue, where previously studies showing contradicting expression of TAP1 in cancer tissue. The analyzed data can also be utilized further to evade the threats against chemotherapy. Overall, the study provided a new aspect to consider the role of TAP1 gene in cancer progression and survival status. Key messages • This study demonstrated, for the first time, a correlation between the TAP1 gene and tumor progression. • An upregulation of TAP1 mRNA was demonstrated in various cancer types. • This study reported a significant negative correlation for TAP1 gene expression and the survival rate in different cancer types.

scholarly journals Drug Discovery Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) as a Promising Cancer Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4250
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jing Pang ◽  
Xiu-Juan Liu ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Wen-Bo Liu ◽  
Yin-Ru Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cell Growth ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Opening Up

FAK is a nonreceptor intracellular tyrosine kinase which plays an important biological function. Many studies have found that FAK is overexpressed in many human cancer cell lines, which promotes tumor cell growth by controlling cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Therefore, targeting FAK is considered to be a promising cancer therapy with small molecules. Many FAK inhibitors have been reported as anticancer agents with various mechanisms. Currently, six FAK inhibitors, including GSK-2256098 (Phase I), VS-6063 (Phase II), CEP-37440 (Phase I), VS-6062 (Phase I), VS-4718 (Phase I), and BI-853520 (Phase I) are undergoing clinical trials in different phases. Up to now, there have been many novel FAK inhibitors with anticancer activity reported by different research groups. In addition, FAK degraders have been successfully developed through “proteolysis targeting chimera” (PROTAC) technology, opening up a new way for FAK-targeted therapy. In this paper, the structure and biological function of FAK are reviewed, and we summarize the design, chemical types, and activity of FAK inhibitors according to the development of FAK drugs, which provided the reference for the discovery of new anticancer agents.

scholarly journals NADPH oxidases (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Van der Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Complex ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis

The two DUOX enzymes were originally identified as participating in the production of hydrogen peroxide as a pre-requisite for thyroid hormone biosynthesis in the thyroid gland [6].NOX enzymes function to catalyse the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide and various other reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex.

Glycan Labeling and Analysis in Cells and In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-387
Author(s):  
Bo Cheng ◽  
Qi Tang ◽  
Che Zhang ◽  
Xing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Affinity Tags ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Antibody Conjugates ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
In Cells

As one of the major types of biomacromolecules in the cell, glycans play essential functional roles in various biological processes. Compared with proteins and nucleic acids, the analysis of glycans in situ has been more challenging. Herein we review recent advances in the development of methods and strategies for labeling, imaging, and profiling of glycans in cells and in vivo. Cellular glycans can be labeled by affinity-based probes, including lectin and antibody conjugates, direct chemical modification, metabolic glycan labeling, and chemoenzymatic labeling. These methods have been applied to label glycans with fluorophores, which enables the visualization and tracking of glycans in cells, tissues, and living organisms. Alternatively, labeling glycans with affinity tags has enabled the enrichment of glycoproteins for glycoproteomic profiling. Built on the glycan labeling methods, strategies enabling cell-selective and tissue-specific glycan labeling and protein-specific glycan imaging have been developed. With these methods and strategies, researchers are now better poised than ever to dissect the biological function of glycans in physiological or pathological contexts.

scholarly journals FOXA1 defines cancer cell specificity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e1501473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaihua Zhang ◽  
Yongbing Zhao ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Li-Pin Kao ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing ◽  
Pioneer Transcription Factor ◽  
Specific Regulation

A transcription factor functions differentially and/or identically in multiple cell types. However, the mechanism for cell-specific regulation of a transcription factor remains to be elucidated. We address how a single transcription factor, forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), forms cell-specific genomic signatures and differentially regulates gene expression in four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, LNCaP, MCF7, and T47D). FOXA1 is a pioneer transcription factor in organogenesis and cancer progression. Genomewide mapping of FOXA1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing annotates that target genes associated with FOXA1 binding are mostly common to these cancer cells. However, most of the functional FOXA1 target genes are specific to each cancer cell type. Further investigations using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology indicate that cell-specific FOXA1 regulation is attributable to unique FOXA1 binding, genetic variations, and/or potential epigenetic regulation. Thus, FOXA1 controls the specificity of cancer cell types. We raise a “flower-blooming” hypothesis for cell-specific transcriptional regulation based on these observations.

scholarly journals ANX7 as a Bio-Marker in Prostate and Breast Cancer Progression

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Srivastava ◽  
Lukas Bubendorf ◽  
Lisa Nolan ◽  
Mirta Glasman ◽  
Ximena Leighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Hormone Refractory ◽  
And Control

The ANX7 gene codes for a Ca2+-activated GTPase, which has been implicated in both exocytotic secretion in cells and control of growth. In this review, we summarize information regarding increased tumor frequency in the Anx7 knockout mice, ANX7 growth suppression of human cancer cell lines, and ANX7 expression in human tumor tissue micro-arrays. The loss of ANX7 is significant in metastatic and hormone refractory prostate cancer compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia. In addition, ANX7 expression has prognostic value for predicting survival of breast cancer patients.

Coordination-driven self-assembly of ruthenium(ii) architectures: synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (25) ◽  
pp. 8466-8475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderonke Ajibola Adeyemo ◽  
Abhijith Shettar ◽  
Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Paturu Kondaiah ◽  
Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Four organometallic η6-arene Ru(ii) architectures (MA1–MA4) have been reported. In vitro anticancer activity of the architectures against human cancer cell lines showed good cytotoxicity where the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is responsible for the cell death.

scholarly journals A Novel Combination Cancer Therapy with Iron Chelator Targeting Cancer Stem Cells via Suppressing Stemness

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Katsura ◽  
Toshiaki Ohara ◽  
Kazuhiro Noma ◽  
Takayuki Ninomiya ◽  
Hajime Kashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines

Excess iron causes cancer and is thought to be related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression including stemness, but the details remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that stemness in cancer is related to iron metabolism and that regulating iron metabolism in cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be a novel therapy. In this study, we used murine induced pluripotent stem cells that expressed specific stem cell genes such as Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, and two human cancer cell lines with similar stem cell gene expression. Deferasirox, an orally available iron chelator, suppressed expression of stemness markers and spherogenesis of cells with high stemness status in vitro. Combination therapy had a marked antitumor effect compared with deferasirox or cisplatin alone. Iron metabolism appears important for maintenance of stemness in CSCs. An iron chelator combined with chemotherapy may be a novel approach via suppressing stemness for CSC targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Alantolactones in Experiments on Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e00047
Author(s):  
S.G. Klochkov ◽  
S.A. Pukhov ◽  
M.E. Neganova ◽  
E.S. Dubrovskaya ◽  
L.A. Anikina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
P53 Signaling Pathway

The results of in vitro studies demonstrate cytotoxic activity alantolactone and isoalantolactone, presented in the elecampane plant (Inula helenium) of the natural sesquiterpene lactones. These compounds show toxicity against human cancer cell lines: MS, A549, HCT116, MCF7, RD and K562. The involvement of the p53 signaling pathway in the death of tumor cells, as well as the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation during cell death, was studied.

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