scholarly journals Assessment of Intramuscular Fat and Correlation with Body Composition in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4533
Author(s):  
Marc Villedon de Naide ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Daniel Courteix ◽  
Frederic Dutheil ◽  
Lucie Cassagnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are associated with changes in body composition. Ectopic intramuscular fat (IMAT) may alter muscle function and contribute to cardiometabolic disorders. In a pilot study, we analyzed IMAT in the calf with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and examined correlations between IMAT quantity and body composition parameters. In 20 patients with active RA and 23 with active SpA, IMAT was correlated with visceral fat (VAT; r = 0.5143 and 0.6314, respectively; p < 0.05) and total lean mass (r = 0.5414 and 0.8132, respectively; p < 0.05), but not with whole body fat mass. Total lean mass mediated 16% and 33% of the effects of VAT on IMAT in RA and SpA, respectively. In both RA and SpA, calf muscle area was correlated with total lean mass (r = 0.5940 and r = 0.8597, respectively; p < 0.05) and fat area was correlated with total body fat (r = 0.6767 and 0.5089, respectively; p < 0.05) and subcutaneous fat (r = 0.6526 and 0.5524, respectively; p < 0.05). Fat area was inversely correlated with handgrip and walking tests, and it was associated with disease activity and disability. We showed that ectopic IMAT, measured with pQCT, was correlated with VAT, but not with total body fat, in RA and SpA. This result suggests that metabolically active fat was specifically associated with IMAT.

Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Iron Status of Female Collegiate Swimmers and Divers

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Petersen ◽  
C. Ted Peterson ◽  
Manju B. Reddy ◽  
Kathy B. Hanson ◽  
James H. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
X Ray

This study determined the effect of training on body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of eumenorrheic female collegiate swimmers (n = 18) and divers (n = 6) preseason and after 16 wk of training. Athletes trained on dryland (resistance, strength, fexibility) 3 d/wk, 1.5 h/d and in-water 6 d/wk, nine, 2-h sessions per week (6400 to 10,000 kJ/d). Body-mass index (kg/m2; P = 0.05), waist and hip circumferences (P ≤ 0.0001), whole body fat mass (P = 0.0002), and percentage body fat (P ≤ 0.0001) decreased, whereas lean mass increased (P = 0.028). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we found no change in regional lean mass, but fat decreased at the waist (P = 0.0002), hip (P = 0.0002), and thigh (P = 0.002). Energy intake (10,061 ± 3617 kJ/d) did not change, but dietary quality improved with training, as refected by increased intakes of fber (P = 0.036), iron (P = 0.015), vitamin C (P = 0.029), vitamin B-6 (P = 0.032), and fruit (P = 0.003). Iron status improved as refected by slight increases in hemoglobin (P = 0.046) and hematocrit (P = 0.014) and decreases in serum transferrin receptor (P ≤ 0.0001). Studies are needed to further evaluate body composition and iron status in relation to dietary intake in female swimmers.

scholarly journals Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
A. Scholz ◽  
V. Pursel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS, BLOOD PROFILE AND BODY COMPOSITION OF SHEEP FED WITH CA-SAPONIFIED LEMURU OIL COATED BY HERBS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Asep Sudarman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Blood Profiles

<p>This study was aimed to evaluate the physiological status, blood profiles and body composition of sheep fed with Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by herbs. Twenty fat-tailed sheep (av. BW 23±1.2 kg) were used in this experiment by using Completely Randomized Design with five treatments ration and four replications of each. Sheep fed with concentrate containing 3% Ca-saponified lemuru oil and king grass (1:1) ad libitum. Treatments were control diet without herbs (R1); Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by curcumae domestica (R2); coated by Zingiber officinale Rosc (R3); coated by Eugenia polyantha (R4) and coated by Pluchea indica Less (R5). Data of physiological parameters were measured three times a day, in the morning, at noon and afternoon. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment through jugular vein, together with zero sample for Urea Space measurement. The variables observed were physiological data (heart rate, respiration rate, and rectal temperature), blood profiles (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), leucocytes) and body composition (water, protein and fat) measured using Urea Space technique. Results of the study showed that sheep fed with Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by herbs was not significantly different on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature among treatments. Meanwhile, total leucocytes, neutrophil cell, and lymphocytes significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) by the treatment. Body composition percentage (water, protein and fat) were same in all treatments, except the total body fat and energy retained. In conclusion, supplementation of 3% Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by Curcumae domestica, Zingiber officinale Rosc, Eugenia polyantha and Pluchea indica Less in fat-tailed sheep had no effect on physiological parameters, but improved the leucocyte and neutrophil cells. Total body fat and energy retained lower compared to control treatment.</p><p>(Key words: Body composition, Ca-saponified, Herbs, Lemuru oil, Urea space)</p>

A comparative study on growth, body composition and carcass tissue distribution in Omani sheep and goats

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MAHGOUB ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Growth, body composition and distribution of carcass tissues were compared in Omani sheep and goats. Animals had ad libitum access to Rhodes-grass hay (8 % CP) and a concentrate diet (16% CP) from weaning until slaughter. The two species had similar birth weights but sheep had higher preweaning (181 g/day), postweaning (175 g/day) and overall (179 g/day) growth rates than goats (120, 102 and 111 g/day, respectively) and thus they reached slaughter weights earlier. Sheep had higher slaughter weight (22·26 kg), empty body weight (20·39 kg), hot carcass weight (12·48 kg) and dressing out percentage (55·94%) than goats (21·17, 18·82, 11·48 kg and 53·97%, respectively). Sheep also had higher proportions of skin, liver and lungs and trachea (P<0·01) than goats, which had higher proportions of head, feet and gut contents. As proportions of carcass weight, sheep had higher fat (25·08%) but lower muscle content (57·24%) than goats (15·72 and 65·88%, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two species in proportion of carcass bone (13·76 and 14·17%). These effects resulted in sheep having a lower muscle: bone ratio (4·19 and 4·68) and higher fat: muscle ratio (0·44 and 0·24). Sheep had higher proportions of non-carcass, carcass and total body fat in the empty body weight (EBW) than goats. However, sheep had less non-carcass but more carcass fat than goats when fats were expressed as proportions of total body fat. Sheep had higher proportions of muscles in the proximal hind limb, distal hind limb (P<0·01), around the spinal column, connecting forelimb to thorax and high-priced muscle group (P<0·05), but lower proportions of muscles in the abdominal wall, proximal forelimb (P<0·05), distal forelimb (P<0·01), connecting neck to forelimb, intrinsic muscles of neck and thorax (P<0·05) and total forequarter muscles (P<0·01) than goats. As proportions in carcass bone, sheep had higher axial skeleton (P<0·05) but lower forelimb than goats. Among species/sex/slaughter weight groups, castrated male and female goats had the lowest growth rates. Castrates and female sheep, particularly at heavier liveweights, had higher carcass and non-carcass fat contents than intact males and goats of all sexes. Although Omani goats produced leaner carcasses and had higher proportions of some non-carcass offals than Omani sheep, they had slower growth rates and a less attractive muscle distribution. This may negatively affect their potential for large scale meat production under Omani conditions.

scholarly journals Six-compartment body composition model: Inter-method comparisons of total body fat measurement

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZM Wang ◽  
P Deurenberg ◽  
SS Guo ◽  
A Pietrobelli ◽  
J Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Ethnic Variation in Fat and Lean Body Mass and the Association with Insulin Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4696-4702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Lear ◽  
Simi Kohli ◽  
Gregory P. Bondy ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Allan D. Sniderman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Context: Body fat distribution varies among different ethnic groups, yet less is known regarding differences in lean mass and how this may affect insulin resistance. Objective: Our objective was to compare total body fat to lean mass ratio (F:LM) in Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian individuals with differences in insulin resistance. Participants, Design, and Setting: Aboriginal (196), Chinese (222), European (202), and South Asian (208) individuals were recruited across a range of body mass index to participate in this cross-sectional community study. Main Outcome Measures: Total body fat, lean mass, and insulin resistance were assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results: After adjustment for confounders and at a given body fat, South Asian men had less lean mass than Aboriginal [3.42 kg less; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55–5.29], Chinese (3.01 kg less; 95% CI = 1.33–4.70), and European (3.57 kg less; 95% CI = 1.82–5.33) men, whereas South Asian women had less lean mass than Aboriginal (1.98 kg less; 95% CI = 0.45–3.50), Chinese (2.24 kg less; 95% CI = 0.81–3.68), and European (2.97 kg less; 95% CI = 1.67–4.27) women. In adjusted models, F:LM was higher in South Asian compared with Chinese and European men and higher in South Asian compared with Aboriginal, Chinese, and European women (P &lt; 0.01 for all). Insulin and HOMA were greatest in South Asians after adjustment; however, these differences were no longer apparent when F:LM was considered. Conclusions: South Asians have a phenotype of high fat mass and low lean mass, which may account for greater levels of insulin and HOMA compared with other ethnic groups.

Differential changes in body composition during growth and progesterone treatment in intact female rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Ashby ◽  
D. Shirling ◽  
J. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Total Body

Female rats implanted with progesterone gained weight more rapidly than control animals and had a greater percentage of total body fat. The proportion of fat in the carcase of control animals also increased as they gained weight. Comparison of progesterone-treated rats with a group of weight-matched controls demonstrated that the effects of progesterone treatment on fat deposition exceeded those which would be expected to accompany their accelerated growth. Excess fat was deposited at the expense of the protein component of fat-free solid.

Seasonal patterns in food intake, live mass, and body composition of mature female fallow deer ( Dama dama)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Weber ◽  
J M Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Seasonal Oscillations

Seasonal oscillations in food intake, live mass, and body component masses were investigated in two groups, each of 4 mature fallow does, which were fed high and low energy density diets ad libitum over a 17-month period. The aim of the experiment was to quantify seasonal patterns of food intake, live mass, and body tissue masses and to assess the effect of high- and low-energy diets on these patterns. Total body fat, muscle, and viscera masses were estimated on 10 occasions using computer-aided tomography. When food intake was expressed in megajoules of metabolisable energy per day, there was little difference between the groups fed the high- and low-energy diets. Food intake showed a clear deviation from a regular annual oscillation during the summer, when intake by both groups was reduced. Seasonal oscillations were apparent in live mass, empty body mass, muscle mass, and total body fat mass, with maximum values in autumn and minimum values in spring. Viscera mass did not show a seasonal pattern but was closely related to food intake. There was a lag phase of 6-7 weeks in the correlation between food intake and live mass and body tissue masses, suggesting that the changes in food intake were a precursor of subsequent changes in live mass and body composition. Further oscillations in muscle and fat masses persisted independently of changes in empty body mass, which indicated a differential change in these components according to season.

Efficacy of a Motorized Mechanical Oscillator in Abdominal Fat, Weight, and Waist Circumference Reduction - Two Case Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Chloe ANG ◽  
Teik Hin KOH
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Waist Girth ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Mechanical Oscillators ◽  
Total Body

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The importance of reducing health risk associated with high abdominal fat is frequently emphasized. Consequently, in Singapore, we have witnessed good sales on motorized mechanical oscillators touted to induce slimming based on the principles of acupressure. However, to date, no study has been done to evaluate the efficacy of such equipment. This pilot study aims to examine the efficacy of motorized mechanical oscillators in reducing waist circumference, weight and abdominal fat percentage over 4 weeks as well as augment the data on acupressure for weight reduction. Two male subjects, one mildly overweight and the other severely overweight, were recruited. They were required to keep to their existing lifestyles and dietary habits and were instructed to wear the oscillator belt for 30 minutes each time, twice a day, as per instructions given in the manual. The machine was operated using the automatic mode. The results show a slight decrease in total body fat % ascertained by DEXA scans. There was also a reduction in waist circumference and an increase in lean mass in the trunk area in both subjects. Specifically, one participant (mildly overweight) lost 1.2% of total body fat, and 0.7cm on the waist girth but gained 1 kg of lean trunk mass. The other participant (severely overweight), although having lost only 0.2% of total body fat and 1.3cm on the waist girth, lost 1.7 kg in total body weight. He also gained in trunk lean mass that resulted in trunk fat reduction of 0.4%. There appears to be some success in such treatment modality particularly with regard to reducing abdominal fat. Certainly, more work needs to be done and future studies are being considered that will involve bigger sample sizes.調查顯示腹部脂肪的累積能引起健康危害，因此減少腹部脂肪的重要性需要廣泛重視的。在新加坡，瘦身產品如動力化的機械擺動瘦身帶都獲得非常好的銷售額。此瘦身帶是以穴位理療原理為依據而設計開發的。可是至今，這類產品的瘦身效果還沒得到科學證明。這項中間試驗的目的是研究在超過4個星期的時間裏，這類瘦身帶對減少腰圍，體重和腹部脂肪的百分數效果；同時也希望增添用穴位理療原理在減肥方面的資料。在二位男性患者當中，一位屬於輕微超重，而另一位屬於嚴重超重。在這項中間試驗調查中，二位患者接受了為期四周的治療療程。療程包括每日使用本瘦身帶二次，一次療程三十分鐘。除此以外，患者需要保持原本的生活方式和飲食習慣。並遵循指導手冊方法操作。此瘦身帶的操作是採用自動化的方法。由DEXA結果顯示二位元患者的脂肪都有顯微的下降，腰圍也有所減小，並且腹部的肌肉有明顯的增加。其中一位患者(輕微肥胖者)的脂肪減少了1.2%，腰圍減少了0.7公分，而肌肉增加了1公斤。第二位患者的身體脂肪減少了0.2%，腰圍減少了 1.3公分，體重也減輕了1.7公斤。同時肌肉也增加了，這使到他的腹部的脂肪減少了0.4%。由此可見，這類瘦身方法對減少腹部脂肪似乎有效。所以，這方面的調查和研究需要更多的工作。接下來希望進行更廣泛，更大規模的研究。

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