scholarly journals Neurocognitive Effects of Cocoa and Red-Berries Consumption in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Joaquín García-Cordero ◽  
Alicia Pino ◽  
Constanza Cuevas ◽  
Verónica Puertas-Martín ◽  
Ricardo San Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

In recent decades, the elderly population has increased at higher rates than any other population group, resulting in an increase in age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative and cognitive impairment. To address this global health problem, it is necessary to search for new dietary strategies that can prevent the main neurocognitive problems associated with the ageing process. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R) and to stablish the possible improvement in cognitive performance by using a battery of neurocognitive tests that included the Verbal Learning Test Spain-Complutense, the Spatial Recall Test 10/36 BRB-N, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III and IV, the STROOP Task and the Tower of London Test. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was performed in 60 healthy volunteers between 50 and 75 years old who consumed a cocoa powder, a red berries mixture or a combination of both for 12 weeks. After the intervention, we observed a reduction in the time needed to start (p = 0.031) and finish (p = 0.018) the neurocognitive test known as the Tower of London in all groups, but the decrease in time to finish the task was more pronounced in the intervention with the combination of cocoa-red berries group. We failed to show any significant difference in BDNF and NGF-R sera levels. However we found a negative correlation between BDNF and the number of movements required to finish the TOL in women (p = 0.044). In conclusion, our study showed an improvement in executive function, without any change in neurotrofin levels, for all intervention arms.

scholarly journals Age-Related Biology of Early-Stage Operable Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417
Author(s):  
Binafsha M. Syed ◽  
Andrew R. Green ◽  
Emad A. Rakha ◽  
David A.L. Morgan ◽  
Ian O. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

As age advances, breast cancer (BC) tends to change its biological characteristics. This study aimed to explore the natural progression of such changes. The study included 2383 women with clinically T0-2N0-1M0 BC, managed by primary surgery and optimal adjuvant therapy in a dedicated BC facility. Tissue micro-arrays were constructed from their surgical specimens and indirect immunohistochemistry was used for analysis of a large panel (n = 16) of relevant biomarkers. There were significant changes in the pattern of expression of biomarkers related to luminal (oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2), E-cadherin, MUC1, bcl2 CK7/8, CK18 and bcl2) and basal (CK5/6, CK14, p53 and Ki67) phenotypes, lymph node stage, histological grade and pathological size when decade-wise comparison was made (p < 0.05). The ages of 40 years and 70 years appeared to be the milestones marking a change of the pattern. There were significantly higher metastasis free and breast cancer specific survival rates among older women with ER positive tumours while there was no significant difference in the ER negative group according to age. Biological characteristics of BC show a pattern of change with advancing age, where 40 years and 70 years appear as important milestones. The pattern suggests <40 years as the phase with aggressive phenotypes, >70 years as the less aggressive phase and 40–70 years being the transitional phase.

Decreased Neutrophil Cyclic AMP Response to Isoprenaline Stimulation in the Elderly

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Cotter ◽  
K. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Drug Free

1. Neutrophils from drug-free elderly subjects produced approximately 50% less cyclic AMP in response to isoprenaline than did neutrophils from young subjects. A significant difference in basal cyclic AMP levels was also evident (elderly 2.8 ± 0.37; young 4.9 ± 0.36 pmol of cAMP/107 cells; P < 0.05). 2. With a range of anti-neutrophil monoclonal antibodies no evidence of age-related neutrophil population heterogeneity was found. 3. These findings indicate that the age-related decline in β-adrenoceptor responsiveness is not due to changes in the neutrophil population. 4. The present results support the hypothesis that there is a generalized decline in β-adrenoceptor-mediated responsiveness in the elderly.

Further analyses of the effects of practice, dropout, sex, socio-economic advantage, and recruitment cohort differences during the University of Manchester longitudinal study of cognitive change in old age

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1859-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt ◽  
Mary Lunn ◽  
Said Ibrahim ◽  
Lynn McInnes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
The University

A sample of 4,314 volunteers who, when first recruited, were aged from 41 to 93 years were quadrennially tested from 2 to 4 occasions during the next 4 to 20 years on the Cattell Culture Fair intelligence test, 2 tests of information-processing speed, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) vocabulary test, and 3 memory tests. After significant effects of practice, sex, demographics, socio-economic advantage, and recruitment cohort had been identified and considered, performance on all tests declined with age. These age-related declines accelerated for the Cattell and WAIS, 2 tests of information speed, and 2 of the memory tests. For all tests individuals’ trajectories of age-related change diverged with increasing age but, unexpectedly, were not affected by demographic factors. Practice gains from an initial experience of the cognitive tests remained undiminished as the interval before the second experience increased from 4 to 8 + years.

scholarly journals Age Related Variation in Feminine Handwriting among Population Groups of Delhi, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vijit Deepani ◽  
A.K Kapoor ◽  
Monika Saini
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micro Features ◽  
Lower Loop

Background: Handwriting is a uniquely human trait which progresses and evolves during lifetime and declines with age. The aim of the present paper is to assess variation in handwriting features with age among female writers of select population groups of Delhi, India (for roman script). Method: A total of 405 handwritten samples were obtained from female (n=405) writers in the age range of 14-60 years. Writers were stratified into three age groups (≤ 18 years, 19-38 years and ≥39 years) in accordance to population group. Macro- and micro-features of handwriting were extracted from the scanned handwritten samples. These features were subjected to statistical analysis in the objective driven research. Result: The mean difference among age groups for pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significant difference was also observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study, namely, nature of ‘i’ – dot (p < 0.001), nature of lower loop of ‘g’ (p < 0.01); nature of‘d’- stem (p < 0.01), nature of ‘m’-hump (p < 0.05) and ‘r’- shape (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a significant variation in both macro- and micro- features of handwriting with respect to age of the writer. Pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity were prominent macro-features that addressed age related variation in handwriting. In addition, significant variation was observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study. The present study has immense forensic significance as it can assist to analyze age of the writer on the basis of handwriting characteristics.

The Evaluation of the Awareness, Attitude and Practice of the Elderly Toward Self-Medication: A Cross-Sectional Study

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (08) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Mansureh Borujeni ◽  
Mansour Ghafourifard ◽  
Rahim Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of various diseases in the elderly has increased the use of drugs, which is coupled with age-related physiological changes and places the elderly at risk for multiple side effects. The present study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes and practices of elderly towards self-medication. Materials and Methods The sample included 300 participants over 60 years under any of the health centers in urban and rural areas of Abadeh city, who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaire including demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of the elderly and the checklist of drug intractable consumption. Results Based on the results, 76% of the elderly reported drug consumption. Regarding lifestyle, the average score of the elderly’s awareness for the elderly who lived with and without families were 78.6±14.2 and 69.2±13.6, respectively. In other words, a significant difference was observed between these two groups. In addition, there was a significant between the elderly’s performance score with and without family members about the self-medication (p=0.001). Conclusion Considering the increase in self-medication among the elderly, adherence to prescription criteria for drug among this age group is recommended. Finally, designing and implementing various educational programs in health education center is necessary for the elderly and their families for the purpose of improving awareness and practice.

scholarly journals A-011 Stability of Impairment Rating Discrepancies in a Longitudinal Observational Alzheimer’s Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-801
Author(s):  
Kaylegian J ◽  
Ritter A ◽  
Caldwell J
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wide Range Achievement Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Objective The present study investigated frequency and 12-month persistence of discrepant Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment ratings of impairment. Methods We examined CDR and neuropsychological test scores from year 1 and 2 visits of 162 adults enrolled in a longitudinal observational study. Neuropsychological measures included Wide Range Achievement Test, American National Adult Reading Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Dementia Rating Scale 2nd edition, Boston Naming, Verbal Fluency/Color Word Interference from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Judgment of Line Orientation, Trail Making Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Digit Span/Letter Number Sequencing from The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 4th edition. Discrepancies were defined as: CDR = 0 and 2 test impairments, CDR = 0.5 and &gt; 5 or 0 impairments, CDR = 1 and 0 impairments. Results Including all test domains, 40.1% of participants in year 1 and 44.3% in year 2 showed discrepancies. 69% maintained this discrepancy at year 2 and 68% of these showed no change in discrepancy type. Considering only memory tests, 37% of participants in year 1 and 28.4% in year 2 showed discrepancies, with 45% maintaining at year 2 (74% showing no change in discrepancy type). A majority of discrepancies observed in both years 1 and 2 revealed the CDR was under reporting impairment compared to the neuropsychological battery year. Conclusions The results provide evidence that within our study population, impairment as rated by the CDR frequently does not match the level of measured cognitive impairment and this observation is stable year to year.

scholarly journals Intelligence Deficits in Chinese Patients with Brain Tumor: The Impact of Tumor Resection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Shen ◽  
Rong Xie ◽  
Xiaoyun Cao ◽  
Weimin Bao ◽  
Bojie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background. Intelligence is much important for brain tumor patients after their operation, while the reports about surgical related intelligence deficits are not frequent. It is not only theoretically important but also meaningful for clinical practice.Methods. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was employed to evaluate the intelligence of 103 patients with intracranial tumor and to compare the intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) between the intracerebral and extracerebral subgroups.Results. Although preoperative intelligence deficits appeared in all subgroups, IQ, VIQ, and PIQ were not found to have any significant difference between the intracerebral and extracerebral subgroups, but with VIQ lower than PIQ in all the subgroups. An immediate postoperative follow-up demonstrated a decline of IQ and PIQ in the extracerebral subgroup, but an improvement of VIQ in the right intracerebral subgroup. Pituitary adenoma resection exerted no effect on intelligence. In addition, age, years of education, and tumor size were found to play important roles.Conclusions. Brain tumors will impair IQ, VIQ, and PIQ. The extracerebral tumor resection can deteriorate IQ and PIQ. However, right intracerebral tumor resection is beneficial to VIQ, and transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection performs no effect on intelligence.

The Effectiveness of Lactobacillus Beverages in Controlling Infections among the Residents of an Aged Care Facility: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Nagata ◽  
Takashi Asahara ◽  
Chongxin Wang ◽  
Yumi Suyama ◽  
Osamu Chonan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Movements

Backgrounds/Aims: To clarify the usefulness of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)-fermented milk in the normalization of bowel movements and improvement of infection control for the elderly residents and staff of facilities for the elderly. Methods: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind test was performed among the elderly residents (average age, 85) and staff members (average age, 37) of facilities for the elderly. The participants randomly received either LcS-fermented milk or a placebo beverage once daily for 6 months. Clinical data and enteric conditions were compared between the 2 groups. Results: A significantly lower incidence of fever and improved bowel movements were seen in the LcS-fermented milk group (n = 36) in comparison to the placebo group (n = 36). The numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly higher (p < 0.01), the numbers of destructive bacteria such as Clostridium difficile were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and the fecal acetic acid concentration and total acidity were significantly higher in the LcS group. A significant difference in the intestinal microbiota, fecal acetic acid, and pH was also observed between the LcS and placebo groups among the facility's staff members. Conclusions: The long-term consumption of LcS-fermented milk may be useful for decreasing the daily risk of infection and improving the quality of life among the residents and staff of facilities for the elderly.

An Overview of Fluoxetine in Geriatric Depression

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (S3) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Feighner ◽  
William F. Boyer ◽  
Charles H. Meredith ◽  
Gordon Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Age Related

During the past 75 years, the proportion of elderly individuals in the USA has grown twice as fast as the general population. Depression in this age-group occurs four times more frequently than in the general population (Butler, 1975), and the suicide rate for people over 65 years of age is 15 times greater than that of the general population (Lehman, 1980).The elderly may be more susceptible to depression due to biological and/or psychosocial variables. Elderly people experience significant losses associated with increasing age, including death of spouse and friends, loss of work, social status, and physical and mental abilities (Lehman, 1980). The biogenic amine hypothesis suggests that the aging brain may experience a decrease in the functional availability of neurotransmitters (Lehman, 1980); this decrease may also play a role in the aetiology of depression.Due to age-related changes in the body, the elderly can be more sensitive to drug therapy. Older patients may require careful dosage adjustments and may also be more prone to experiencing drug-related adverse events. The elderly often receive medication for various indications, and drug interactions are a concern (Thompson et al, 1983). Therefore, efficacy and safety studies of new antidepressants in elderly patients are particularly important. We pooled data from both double-blind and open-label studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in geriatric outpatients with DSM-III major depression. Positive results of fluoxetine in the treatment of geriatric depression were reported in one of these studies (Feighner & Cohn, 1985). The favourable safety and side-effect profile of fluoxetine in the general population has been discussed elsewhere (Wernicke, 1985). Plasma concentrations of fluoxetine in elderly subjects are similar to those in younger individuals (I.emberger et al, 1985). These findings, combined with a lack of cardiovascular effects (Fisch, 1985), and low lethality with overdose, indicated promise for fluoxetine as a geriatric antidepressant.

TRENDS AND PROGNOSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN THE ELDERLY WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Виктор Афанасьевич Иванов ◽  
Борис Дмитриевич Жидких ◽  
Елена Ефимовна Атлас ◽  
Юрий Юрьевич Блинков ◽  
Татьяна Игоревна Субботина
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Prognostic Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference

Возрастная макулярная дегенерация считается одной из распространенных возраст ассоциированных офтальмологических патологий, приводящих к полной или частичной потере зрения. Вероятность развития возрастной макулярной дегенерации существенно повышается при наличии сопутствующей хронической сердечной недостаточности. Однако изучение динамики заболеваемости возрастной макулярной дегенерацией при сочетании хронической сердечной недостаточности осуществляется крайне редко. Цель настоящего исследования - анализ заболеваемости возрастной макулярной дегенерацией и прогнозирование ее распространенности в Тамбовской области у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Исследование проводилось ретроспективным методом за 2013-2018 годы по данным официальной статистики лечебно-профилактических учреждений общего и специализированного профиля. При сборе информации использовались данные, содержащиеся в «Медицинской когорте амбулаторного больного», «Медицинской карте амбулаторного больного». Для прогнозирования заболеваемости возрастной макулярной дегенерацией использовался регрессионный анализ и программа «Statistica 10.0». В ходе исследования установлено повышение уровня заболеваемости с 13,54 случаев на 100 000 населения в 2013 году в базовом регионе до 28,42 случаев на 100 000 населения в 2018 году с достоверной разницей. Разработанная прогностическая модель у=0,7124 ln(x1)+1,4586 показывает, что в 2019-2021 годах произойдет дальнейшее увеличение заболеваемости возрастной макулярной дегенерацией. При этом наибольшую распространенность среди выделяемых форм возрастной макулярной дегенерации в Тамбовской области за исследуемый временной период имеет неэкссудативная форма, варьирующая в диапазоне от 12,41 случаев до 25,98 случаев на 100 000 населения (р<0,001). Экссудативная возрастная макулярная дегенерация варьирует от 1,42 случаев до 2,30 случаев на 100 000 жителей области. Полученные данные представляют интерес для принятия упреждающих профилактических мероприятий по стабилизации заболеваемости возрастной макулярной дегенерацией Age-related macular degeneration is considered one of the most common age-associated ophthalmological pathologies leading to complete or partial loss of vision. The probability of developing age-related macular degeneration increases significantly in the presence of concomitant chronic heart failure. However, the study of the dynamics of the incidence of age-related macular degeneration in combination with chronic heart failure is extremely rare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence of age-related macular degeneration and predict its prevalence in the Tambov region in patients with chronic heart failure. The study was conducted retrospectively for 2013-2018 according to official statistics of general and specialized medical institutions. When collecting information, the data contained in the "Medical cohort of an outpatient patient", "The medical record of an outpatient patient" were used. Regression analysis and the Statistica 10.0 program were used to predict the incidence of age-related macular degeneration. The study found an increase in the incidence rate from 13.54 cases per 100,000 population in 2013 in the base region to 28.42 cases per 100,000 population in 2018 with a significant difference. The developed prognostic model y1=0.7124 ln(x1)+1.4586 shows that in 2019-2021 there will be a further increase in the incidence of age-related macular degeneration. At the same time, the greatest prevalence among the isolated forms of age-related macular degeneration in the Tambov region over the studied time period has a non-exudative form, varying in the range from 12.41 cases to 25.98 cases per 100,000 population (p<0.001). Exudative age-related macular degeneration varies from 1.42 cases to 2.30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants of the region. The data obtained are of interest for taking proactive preventive measures to stabilize the incidence of age-related macular degeneration

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