The Effects of Deworming and Multiple Micronutrients on Anaemia in Preschool Children in Bangladesh: Analysis of Five Cross-Sectional Surveys

Anaemia is a major public health problem among children < 5 years of age in Bangladesh due to recurrent intestinal parasite infections. The aim of this study was to understand the association between combining deworming and MNP home fortification (MNP + Deworming) and the prevalence of anaemia among children < 5 years of age in Bangladesh. We used pooled data from five cross-sectional surveys and performed multivariable logistic regression and calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) to quantify the association of anaemia with the exposure variables. A total of 9948 households were considered for this paper. In the unadjusted logistic regression, no significant association was detected between the effective MNP coverage and anaemia prevalence, but the associations were significant (p < 0.001) between the deworming and anaemia prevalence and between the MNP + Deworming condition and anaemia prevalence. In the adjusted model, children who were exposed to both deworming and effective MNP coverage were 30% (AOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52, 0.94; p = 0.018) less likely to be anaemic compared with children who were unexposed to combined MNP + Deworming. The combined effects of deworming and MNP supplementation on the reduction in anaemia prevalence highlighted the importance of using integrated and multidisciplinary intervention strategies.

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Unplanned pregnancy among married women: an exploratory study in a rural area of Bengal

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174484 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 4101

Author(s):

Manika Pal ◽

Lina Bandyopadhyay ◽

Aparajita Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Rural Area ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Married Women ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Globally unplanned pregnancy has emerged as a major public health problem with its impact on demography and economy. Despite being the first country to initiate a nationwide family planning program, contraceptives access and utilization are low in India. As per a study conducted in 35 low- and middle-income countries, India contributed the largest number of undesired pregnancy. Our current study was aimed at determining the proportion of unplanned pregnancy and examining its predictors among currently married women aged 15-35 years, residing in a rural area. Methods: A facility based, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Bengal. 158 participants were selected by purposive sampling and face to face interviews were conducted using structured schedule ensuring confidentiality. Statistically data were summarized with descriptive statistics and adjusted with binary logistic regression analysis in SPSS (version 16). Results: The proportion of unplanned pregnancy was found to be 28.5%. On multivariable logistic regression, it was observed that there was significant association between unplanned pregnancy and low SE status AOR (CI) 2.523 (1.074-5.926), lack of women’s empowerment AOR (CI) 2.971 (1.198-7.367), husbands’ lower level of education AOR (CI) 2.673 (1.041-6.866), and no contraception or traditional method of contraception AOR (CI) 2.391 (1.104-5.180). Conclusions: The study revealed alarmingly high proportion of unplanned pregnancy. In addition to the existing strategies of the national program, emphasis should be on IEC activities. All efforts should be made to educate women on hazards of unsafe abortion and unplanned pregnancy.

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Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 Scale for Depression Detection in Primary Care

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7843

Author(s):

María Rodríguez-Barragán ◽

María Isabel Fernández-San-Martín ◽

Ana Clavería-Fontán ◽

Susana Aldecoa-Landesa ◽

Marc Casajuana-Closas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Symptom Checklist ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hopkins Symptom Checklist

Depression constitutes a major public health problem due to its high prevalence and difficulty in diagnosis. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) scale has been identified as valid, reproducible, effective, and easy to use in primary care (PC). The purpose of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the HSCL-25 and validate its Spanish version. A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out at six PC centers in Spain. Validity and reliability were assessed against the structured Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Out of the 790 patients, 769 completed the HSCL-25; 738 answered all the items. Global Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92 (0.88 as calculated for the depression dimension and 0.83 for the anxiety one). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed one global factor and two correlated factors with a correlation of 0.84. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.89 (CI 95%, 0.86–0.93%). For a 1.75 cutoff point, sensibility was 88.1% (CI 95%, 77.1–95.1%) and specificity was 76.7% (CI 95%, 73.3–79.8%). The Spanish version of the HSCL-25 has a high response percentage, validity, and reliability and is well-accepted by PC patients.

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The prescription pattern and awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis and resistance among a group of Egyptian pediatric and general dentists: a cross sectional study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01685-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mariam Mohsen Aly ◽

Marwa Aly Elchaghaby

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Antibiotic Prescription ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

General Dentists

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in dentistry as prophylaxis and treatment is frequent. Their misuse has led to a major public health problem globally known as antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription and its prophylactic use for systemic conditions. Besides, this study evaluated the awareness and adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines and antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines along with awareness of antibiotic resistance across pediatric and general dentists. Methods An overall of 378 pediatric and general dentists meeting the required eligibility criteria, fulfilled a pre-designed validated questionnaire. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Results A significant statistical difference was found among the pediatric and general dentists regarding antibiotics prescription for most of the oral conditions where Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic among the two groups (53% pediatric dentist and 52% general dentist). The majority of pediatric and general dentists, on the other hand, were aware of antibiotic resistance and prescribing recommendations. Conclusions The present study showed a tendency to overprescribe and overuse antibiotics in certain dental conditions among the participants. The vast majority of dentists, especially general dentists do not have adherence to professional guidelines for antibiotics prescription in children despite their awareness of antibiotic resistance and prescription guidelines.

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Predictive risk factors towards liver fluke infection among the people in Kamalasai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312119840201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 205031211984020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Woragon Wichaiyo ◽

Wirat Parnsila ◽

Wisit Chaveepojnkamjorn ◽

Banchob Sripa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Fluke ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Fluke Infection ◽

Raw Fish ◽

Predictive Risk ◽

Liver Fluke Infection

Background: Liver fluke disease caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem with its crucial risk factors caused by some individual habits or false beliefs among the people in northeastern Thailand concerning the consumption of raw fish meat dishes. Objectives: This study explores the predictive risk factors for the infection of liver fluke disease. Methods: The sample consisted of 400 people aged 30 years and above in Thanya sub-district, Kamalasai district, Kalasin province. A cross-sectional analytic study, using the χ2 test, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, was used to find the influence of each variable, along with the use of multiple logistic regression (p = 0.05). A questionnaire form was used as the research instrument. Results: Factors found in the results are as follows: households with a cat were 7.00 times more at risk than households without a cat; eating raw fish dishes prepared by themselves increases the risk of infection by 2.58 times; eating raw fish dishes prepared by family members increases the risk by 4.74 times; and raw fish dishes bought from a community market increases the risk by 2.33 times. Conclusion: A campaign should be launched to educate people not to eat raw or undercooked fish dishes, but to fully cook fish dishes before eating, as the food is still delicious, but also safe, healthy, and free from liver fluke infection.

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INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTIONS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/18.4691 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1464-1468

Author(s):

Imdad Ali Ansari ◽

Jawed Akhtar Samo ◽

Mohammad Aslam Soomro

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Hymenolepis Nana ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Centre Study ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Parasite Infections

Background: Worldwide, intestinal parasitic infections are major causeof human mortality and morbidity especially among developing countries wherein publichealth standards are not much better like developed countries. Intestinal parasiticinfections are linked with poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, inadequate dietaryand cultural habits and climate conditions. Objective: To assess the frequency, riskfactors and clinical manifestations related to intestinal parasite infections in patients withgastrointestinal disorders. Study Design: Cross-sectional multi-centre study. Setting:Department of Medicines, Chandka Medical College Larkana and Civil Hospital, KhairpurMirs. Period: 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. Method: 260 patients, the patientswith gastrointestinal disorders presenting one or more symptoms (e.g. diarrhea, dysentery,abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, cramping and constipation) were included.Results: Frequency of intestinal parasites was 32.3%. The most common parasites wereEntamoeba histolytica (10.4%), Giardia lamblia (8.5%) and Hymenolepis nana (6.9%). Age,education, monthly income and contact with animal were significantly associated withintestinal parasite infections. Concerning symptoms, the presence of intestinal parasitesinfection was significantly associated with diarrhea and dysentery. Conclusion: Studyconcluded that most prevalent parasites were Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambliaand Hymenolepis nana. Significant association was found in age, education and monthlyincome.

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A study on mosquito density in rural Kerala before and after floods

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190187 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 659

Author(s):

V. T. Krishnadas Menon ◽

Jerry Rachel ◽

C. R. Saju ◽

M. Mohamed Rafi ◽

Vidhu M. Joshy

Keyword(s):

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Mosquito Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Training Centre ◽

Before And After ◽

Initial Survey ◽

Rural Training

Background: Mosquito borne diseases are a major public health problem in Kerala. Mosquito density assessed by larval surveys is easier and quicker to perform. The larval indices are an important practical predictor of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease and are valuable in taking preventive measures. This study is done to calculate standardized larval indices namely house index, container index and Breteau index and to identify the major breeding sources of mosquitoes in the residential environment in a rural of Thrissur, Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study selecting 80 houses from 1 wards of Konnikara village under Thrikkur Panchayath under the field practice area of rural training centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences Thrissur. Every water holding container indoors and outdoors was counted and searched for larval presence and noted on a pretested format.Results: In this study, 80 houses were surveyed in 2 days initially in June and in September. All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level in the initial survey in June. House index=36% container index=44%; Breteau index=143% showing high chances for outbreaks of mosquito borne diseases. In September though the indices were very low house index 1.25% container index 2.77% and Breteau index.Conclusions: The area is prone for mosquito borne disease outbreaks like dengue fever and after interventions the vector indices and potential risks came down.

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“A STUDY OF MICROALBUMINURIA IN NON DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS”

10.36106/ijar/6200318 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Anup Latne ◽

Prabhakar Jirvankar

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Low Grade ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients

Hypertension is a major public health problem all over the world. The incidence of hypertension is increasing year after year and the prevalence of hypertension is increasing day by day due to increased life expectancy and aging population and their sedentary lifestyle. Hypertension is known to cause microvascular changes and increased cardiovascular risk from it. Microalbuminuria possibly reflects a state of increased renal endothelial permeability and is an easily measured marker of rather diffuse endothelial dysfunction, low grade inflammation and vascular disease burden2. Microalbuminuria has been determined as an important prognostic indicator and has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and progressive renal damage. Reliable data on the prevalence of microalbuminuria in the general population and its association with cardiovascular risk factors is limited. Till now, there is little data available regarding screening and early treatment of hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria, as in the case of microalbuminuric non diabetic subjects. With these perspective this cross sectional study of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive patients was undertaken to study prevalence of microalbuminuria in Non Diabetic hypertensive patients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive patients and to correlate the presence of microalbuminuria with the patients of different clinical profiles. Materials and Methods: This was observational, cross sectional study of Patients diagnosed with hypertension either admitted in ward or attending OPD of Medical College and Tertiary Care Centre. Urine microalbumin creatinine ratio was used for estimation of microalbuminuria. Conclusion: It was proved that microalbuminuria prevalence was directly proportional to the duration of hypertension, the stage of hypertension. Prevalence of microalbuminria was low in ACE inhibitor and ARB treated hypertensive patients.

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Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.17125/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Demelash Wachamo ◽

Fisseha Bonja

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

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Anaemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2000.6.5-6.1017 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (5-6) ◽

pp. 1017-1025

Author(s):

F. El Sahn ◽

S. Sallam ◽

A. Mandif ◽

O. Galal

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Educational Level ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Socioeconomic Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Scale

We aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescents in Egypt and to study possible risk factors. A cross-sectional approach was used. Blood samples were collected from 1980 adolescents for haemoglobin estimation. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 46.6%, most of which was mild or moderate, with severe cases in less than 1.0% of the sample. Gender difference was almost nonexistent. A significant inverse relationship was observed between the level of anaemia and age [especially among boys], socioeconomic level and educational level. Anaemia was more prevalent in rural areas and in Upper [southern] Egypt. Anaemia is a major public health problem among Egyptian adolescents and wide-scale public health education is warranted.

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Prevalence of anaemia and visual impairment among primary school children of South Gujarat region of India: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20195173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Bharatkumar Balkrishna Pandya ◽

Upendrakumar Rameshbhai Chaudhari ◽

Avirat A. Bhatt ◽

Nilesh Thakor

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

School Age Children ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Anemia ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Nutritional Anemia and visual impairment among school age children are recognized as major public health problem in India. Authors objective was to study prevalence of anemia and visual impairment among school going adolescents of Vadodara and Surat city of Gujarat, India.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried during period from April 2015 to March 2016. Total 8 schools were selected from Vadodara and Surat city by purposive sampling. After taking the permission of principals of schools and informed written consent of the parents of children, 859 children from these schools were examined for anaemia and visual impairment. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analysed using SPSS version 17 (Trial version).Results: Out of total 859 children 421(49.1%) were female. Mean age of the study children was 8.95±1.52 years. The prevalence of anemia in children in present study was 61.6 % (529 children). The prevalence of anemia in female (274, 65.1%) was higher than males (255, 58.2%). Moderate visual impairment and blindness was 5.9% in girls and 8.2% in boys respectively. Severe visual impairment and blindness was 2.1% in girls and 2.7% in boys respectively and the gender difference was not statistically significant. Though 61(7.1%) children had moderate to severe visual impairment to blindness only 21 (2.4%) children were wearing spectacles.Conclusions: High prevalence of anaemia and visual impairment among these children needs great attention and health education.

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