scholarly journals Anaemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025
Author(s):  
F. El Sahn ◽  
S. Sallam ◽  
A. Mandif ◽  
O. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Scale

We aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescents in Egypt and to study possible risk factors. A cross-sectional approach was used. Blood samples were collected from 1980 adolescents for haemoglobin estimation. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 46.6%, most of which was mild or moderate, with severe cases in less than 1.0% of the sample. Gender difference was almost nonexistent. A significant inverse relationship was observed between the level of anaemia and age [especially among boys], socioeconomic level and educational level. Anaemia was more prevalent in rural areas and in Upper [southern] Egypt. Anaemia is a major public health problem among Egyptian adolescents and wide-scale public health education is warranted.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 324-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmed Zaki ◽  
Sunil Karande
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Handling Practices

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever (MDRTF) is defined as typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains (S. Typhi), which are resistant to the first-line recommended drugs for treatment such as chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Since the mid-1980s, MDRTF has caused outbreaks in several countries in the developing world, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, especially in affected children below five years of age and those who are malnourished. Methodology: Two methods were used to gather the information presented in this article. First PubMed was searched for English language references to published relevant articles. Secondly, chapters on typhoid fever in standard textbooks of paediatric infectious diseases and preventive and social medicine were reviewed. Results: Although there are no pathognomonic clinical features of MDRTF at the onset of the illness, high fever ( > 104°F), toxaemia, abdominal distension, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are often reported. The gold standard for the diagnosis of MDRTF is bacterial isolation of the organism in blood cultures. Ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone are the drugs most commonly used for treatment of MDRTF and produce good clinical results. Conclusion: MDRTF remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Mass immunization in endemic areas with either the oral live attenuated Typhi 21a or the injectable unconjugated Vi typhoid vaccine, rational use of antibiotics, improvement in public sanitation facilities, availability of clean drinking water, promotion of safe food handling practices and public health education are vital in the prevention of MDRTF. 

scholarly journals Surgical eye camp in rural area of Nepal and its role in Vision 2020

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kharel Sitaula ◽  
S N Joshi ◽  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Eye Camps

Blindness continues to remain a major public health problem in Nepal and cataract is the leading cause. Cataract surgical coverage is relatively low in the rural areas where prevalence of blindness is high. To evaluate the role of surgical out­reached eye camps in rural Nepal and its impact in Vision 2020. This is a descriptive cross sectional camp based study in a remote village of Nepal, where 4 days screening of the eye disease mainly the cataract was done. 250 patients (54.80% males and 45.20% females) underwent eye health screening tests. Cataract was the commonest ocular disease (29.6%) among the screened population and 24% (60 patients) of them required cataract surgery (57% male and 43% female). The mean age of the operated patient was 71.84 ± 10.6years. Among the operated cases, bilateral blindness was present in 21.66% and unilateral blindness in 70% but after vision restoring cataract surgery, normal visual acuity (6/6-6/18) was achieved in 31(51.66%), and vision of 6/24-6/60 in 23 (38.33%) cases. Cataract remains to be the major cause of blindness in Nepal and arrangement of repeated surgical eye camps in the remote areas of Nepal could aid in reducing the prevent­able cause of blindness thereby help in achieving the goal of Vision 2020. 

scholarly journals Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna Thiam ◽  
Guéladio Cissé ◽  
Anna-Sofie Stensgaard ◽  
Aminata Niang-Diène ◽  
Jürg Utzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Assessment of Public Health Units’ Capacity to Manage Under-Five Malnutrition: A Case Study of Kamuli District, Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Benon Musasizi ◽  
Elizabeth Ekirapa Kiracho ◽  
Saul Kamukama ◽  
Geoffrey Babughirana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five

Malnutrition is a major public-health problem throughout the developing world and is an underlying factor in over 50% of the 10-11 million children under 5 years of age who die each year of preventable causes. Uganda loses US$310 million worth of productivity per year due to the high levels of stunting, iodine-deficiency disorders, iron deficiency, low birth weight, and malnutrition contributes to a loss of about 4.1% of the gross domestic product per year. This paper provides the findings of an assessment conducted in Kamuli district to determine the capacity of public health units to manage under-five malnutrition focusing on the six building blocks of the health system. This was a descriptive cross sectional study that employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, analysis and presentation. This involved interviewing health workers using a semi structured questionnaire and checklist for health facilities. Supplement qualitative data was collected using key informant interviews (KIIs). Results indicate that the capacity of health facilities to manage under-five malnutrition in Kamuli district was found to be low at 36.6% only. Capacity of health facilities was based on; Nutrition leadership and human resource development, health worker knowledge, availability of equipment and supplies, physical infrastructure, availability of infant and young child nutrition policy guidelines and planning and budgeting at health facility level.

scholarly journals Gangguan Kepadatan Tulang pada Orang Dewasa di Daerah Urban dan Rural

2014 ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Sarah Mardiyah ◽  
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Bone

Gangguan kepadatan tulang atau osteoporosis dan osteopenia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang pada kelompok usia dewasa di daerah urban dan rural terpilih di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan sampel 142 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei - Juni 2012 di Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok, sebagai daerah urban dan Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor sebagai daerah rural. Prevalensi gangguan kepadatan tulang dalam penelitian ini adalah sekitar 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis dan 27,5% osteopenia). Analisis multivariat menemukan responden yang mempunyai indeks massa tubuh (IMT) < 23,49 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 5,5 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden dengan IMT > 27,36 kg/m2. Responden yang mempunyai IMT 23,49 _ 27,36 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 2,2 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden yang mempunyai IMT > 27,36 kg/m2 setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Pada penelitian ini, IMT merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Semakin rendah IMT,maka semakin tinggi risiko gangguan kepadatan tulang.Bone density disorder (osteoporosis and osteopenia) is a major public health problem caused by multifactor. The purpose of this study was to find out factors related to adult bone density disorder in the selected urban and rural area, West Java Province, 2012. It used cross-sectional method and the samples were 142 respondents. The data was taken from 2012 May to June in Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok as the urban area and Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor as the rural area. Prevalence of bone density disorder in this study was 31.7% (4.2% osteoporosis and 27.5% osteopenia). Multivariate analysis verified that respondent with body mass index (BMI) < 23.49 kg/m2 will 5.5 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2. Respondent with BMI 23.49 _ 27.36 kg/m2 will 2.2 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2 after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. In this study, BMI is the most related factor of bone density disorder after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. The lower BMI, the higher risk of bone density disorder.      

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER 5 YEARS CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Hira Ejaz ◽  
Nirmal Walicha ◽  
Saba Rizwan ◽  
Sadaf Javeria ◽  
Sana Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. The objectives of the study were to determine the determinants of nutritional status of under 5 years children in our population. Materials & Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Public Health, Islamabad, Federal College, Islamabad, from November 2016 to March 2017. Sample size was 200 selected by convenient sampling. Demographic variables were sex, age-groups, socio-economics status, family structure. Research variable was nutritional status. The data collection was done in urban slums of Islamabad on a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 200 children, 117(58.5%) were boys and 83(41.5 %) were girls. One hundred (50%) children were of 6 to 24 months and 100(50%) were of 25 to 59 months of age. Eighty three (41.5%) were rich and 117(58.5%) were poor. One hundred and fifty eight (79%) children were from joint family system and 42(21%) were living in nuclear family system were children. One hundred and fifty one (75.50%) were normal, 39(19.50%) were mild and 10(5%) were having severe malnutrition. Conclusion: Except age all the other factors including sex, socio-economics status and family structure were associated with nutritional status of under 5 year children.

scholarly journals Food behaviors and youth obesity in Pakistan - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.11885

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjum Hashmi ◽  
Jamil Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Khalid Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

The epidemic of obesity took off from about 1980 and in almost all countries has been rising inexorably ever since. Only in 1997 did world health organization accept that this was a major public health problem. It is also becoming an important public health problem among Pakistani children due to changes in life style and other factors. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and its concomitant health risks justify widespread efforts toward prevention. A Cross-sectional study was conducted to elaborate the various types of foods and change in eating behavior leading to abnormal weight gain among the youth. A total of 504 male and female students of class six to ten were selected through simple random sampling. Anthropometric measurements were done with calibrated instruments using the age and sex specific BMI cut off points according to World Health Organization growth reference. Results showed significant proportion of girls (86%) and boys (85%) had abnormal waist to hip ratio. The determinants of the obesity lie within the rapid changes in food intake behavior and lifestyle patterns which had a clear and significant impact on the prevalence of obesity in youth of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among rural population in Karnataka by using Indian diabetes risk score

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Ramaiah ◽  
Srividya Jayarama
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

Background: Diabetes has emerged not only as a major public health problem, but also as a global societal catastrophe. Governments worldwide are struggling to meet the cost of the diabetic care. The proportion of people with diabetes is rapidly increasing in many countries, with the documented increase in low and middle income countries. With this background a study was planned with the objective of assessing the risk of diabetes among adults in a rural area using a simple diagnostic tool. Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study was done among 485 adults aged 20 years and above residing in a rural area of Karnataka. Data collection was done by household survey by direct interview using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had 2 parts with part one of socio-demographic variables and part two made up of Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) questionnaire. IDRS was developed by Mohan et al and its parameters comprise of 2 modifiable (waist circumference, physical activity) and 2 non-modifiable risk factors (age, family history) for diabetes. Analysis was done with open Epi and Microsoft excel. Results: In the present study, according to IDRS, 14.84% of the study subjects had high risk of diabetes, 73.19% had moderate risk and 11.95% had no/low risk of diabetes. Conclusions: The risk of diabetes among adults is on rise in rural areas. Physical activity likes regular exercises, diet and lifestyle modification are some of the interventions that can reduce the risk of diabetes.

scholarly journals Identification of socio-demographic factors and the causes of poor adherances of urban DOTS in Biratnagar

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
V Kattel ◽  
R Rizal ◽  
D Katwal ◽  
S Subedi ◽  
G Kattel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Compliance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Severe Degree

Background : TB is a major public health problem. Though Investigation and chemotherapy is free of cost we are still facing poor compliance and severe degree of disease among the poorly treated ones. We have tried to explore into reasons behind it. Methodology : It was a retrospective cross- sectional study done at Biratnagar Sub-metro Politian City. Result : People accept DOTS. They visit as early as they are referred but are diagnosed lately. They have multiple reasons to quit the treatment before completion. Conclusion : We found that early diagnosis and proper counselling about the need of prolonged regime of treatment and its side effects are important factors in preventing transmission and poor compliance. Keywords: TB; DOTS; HIV; BPKIHS; cases; defaulters     DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i1.3957SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(1) 13-18

scholarly journals Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning: Picture in Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Devendra Nath Sarkar ◽  
Md Ismail Hossain ◽  
Mainuddinin Ahmed ◽  
AKM Shaheduzzaman ◽  
Nur Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) poisoning is a major public health problem in low and middle income countries. The incidence varies from country to country depending on easy availability of poison, socio-economic condition and educational background of the people. This study aimed to determine the frequency, outcome and aetiological aspect of OPC poisoning patient admitted in Rangpur medical college hospital. It was a cross sectional study carried out in the department of Medicine, Rangpur medical college hospital from 1st December 2011 to 30th November, 2012. During the study period a total of 703 patients have been studied. The most of the patients were between the age of 18- 40 years (91.9%), male (51.6%), married (71.3%) and from rural areas (67.8%). People of different occupations were involved in OPC poisoning, house-wives were the maximum (33.6%) followed by farmers (31.7%). 92% cases were suicidal and 8% accidental. Familial disharmony was the prime cause (92.3%) of suicidal motive. 88% of the patients were survived and 5% died. OPC poisoning is an important health care problem in our country. Improved awareness, restricting availability and banning more toxic organophosphorus compounds will reduce the incidence of OPC poisoning. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21313 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 46-48

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