Decreased Iron Ion Concentrations in the Peripheral Blood Correlate with Coronary Atherosclerosis

(1) Background: Obesity and diabetes continue to reach epidemic levels in the population with major health impacts that include a significantly increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis. The imbalance of trace elements in the body caused by nutritional factors can lead to the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. (2) Methods: We measured the concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in peripheral blood samples from 4243 patients and performed baseline analysis and propensity matching of the patient datasets. The patients were grouped into acute myocardial infarction (AMI, 702 patients) and stable coronary heart disease (SCAD1, 253 patients) groups. Both of these groups were included in the AS that had a total of 1955 patients. The control group consisted of 2288 patients. The plasma concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and iron were measured using a colorimetric method. For comparison, 15 external quality assessment (EQA) samples were selected from the Clinical Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of China. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The average values and deviations of all of the indicators in each group were calculated, and a p-value threshold of <0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. (3) Results: The iron ion concentrations of the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05, AUC = 0.724, AUC = 0.702), irrespective of tendency matching. Compared to the data from the stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) group, the concentration of iron ions in the acute myocardial infarction group was significantly lower (p < 0.05, AUC = 0.710, AUC = 0.682). Furthermore, the iron ion concentrations in the (AMI + SCAD) group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the control group. (4) Conclusions: The data presented in this study strongly indicate that the concentration of iron ions in the peripheral blood is related to coronary atherosclerosis. Decreases in the levels of iron ions in the peripheral blood can be used as a predictive biomarker of coronary atherosclerosis.

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Low Expression of FFAR2 in Peripheral White Blood Cells May Be a Genetic Marker for Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/3108124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jianjun Ruan ◽

Heyu Meng ◽

Xue Wang ◽

Weiwei Chen ◽

Xiaomin Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Expression

Objective. To find molecular markers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), this research further verified the relationship between the expression level of FFAR2 gene and AMI by expanding the sample size based on the previous gene chip results. Methods. Peripheral venous leukocytes were collected from 113 patients with AMI and 94 patients with noncoronary artery disease as the experimental group and the control group, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of the FFAR2 gene. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the relative expression of the FFAR2 gene at the level of protein. Furthermore, the relationship between gene expression and clinical data was also analyzed and compared. Results. The level of expression of FFAR2 gene in peripheral blood of patients with AMI was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.33 [0.04–1.08], 0.62 [0.07–1.86], respectively; p<0.05), which was 0.53 times that of the control group. Western blot results presented that the FFAR2 protein level in the peripheral blood of the AMI group was lower than that of the control group (0.114; p=0.004). Analyzing clinical data of the subjects indicated that the average age of the AMI group was significantly higher than the age of control group (p<0.01). Also, the fasting blood glucose level was higher (p<0.01), and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was lower (p=0.03). The FFAR2 mRNA level correlated positively with the HDL-C level (p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the low expression of the FFAR2 gene in peripheral blood may be a risk factor for AMI independent of age, family history of diabetes, fasting blood glucose level, and HDL-C level (p=0.025). Compared with the high FFAR2 expression group, the risk of AMI in the low FFAR2 expression group was 6.308 times higher. Conclusion. The expression level of the FFAR2 gene in peripheral blood of patients with AMI was significantly lower than that in the control group. Low expression of the FFAR2 gene in peripheral blood is an independent risk factor for AMI. Hence, it may also be a potential biomarker to predict AMI.

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A Four-MicroRNA Panel in Peripheral Blood Identified as an Early Biomarker to Diagnose Acute Myocardial Infarction

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.669590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Liang Chen ◽

Jie Bai ◽

Jun Liu ◽

Huihe Lu ◽

Koulong Zheng

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Troponin I ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate suitable circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: Patients with AMI were enrolled as study participants. All patients with AMI coming from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between October 1, 2017 and May 31, 2019 were screened. At the same time, 80 patients with coronary angiographic stenosis <50% during the same period were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points (0, 6, 12, and 24 h after disease onset) to detect the expression of a previously identified promising four-microRNA panel. The expression levels of miRNAs were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs.Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 patients with AMI and 80 controls were enrolled in this study. The expression of circulating miR-1291, miR-217, miR-455-3p, and miR-566 was significantly downregulated in patients with AMI compared with controls. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of circulating miR-1291, miR-217, miR-455-3p, and miR-566 were 0.82, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.83, respectively. The AUC of these four miRNAs was 0.87 with 83% sensitivity and 87% specificity. The expression peaks of these four miRNAs occurred earlier than those of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the targets of these four miRNAs were significantly enriched in several signaling pathways associated with AMI progression.Conclusion: Circulating miR-1291, miR-217, miR-455-3p, and miR-566 expression levels were significantly lower in patients with AMI; and combined, this panel of four miRNAs acted as a novel and potential early diagnostic biomarker of AMI.

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Особенности показателей ЭКГ у лиц моложе 45 лет, перенесших инфаркт миокарда

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2017_112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 240-247

Author(s):

O. V. Filatova ◽

E. Ivanova ◽

V. Chursina

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Left Ventricle ◽

Right Ventricle ◽

Left Atrium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

The Right

We conducted a retrospective study of EchoCG from 33 males who had the myocardial infarction. Patients with a diagnosis of "neurocirculatory dystonia" (30 people) entered the control group. We studied the size of the left ventricle, the left atrium, the right ventricle, their relationship to each other, the mass of the myocardium and the mass index of the myocardium of the left ventricle. The study of the morphological structures of the heart revealed a change in the size of the left ventricle, the left atrium and the right ventricle in patients who had an acute myocardial infarction, manifested by an increase in the end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions of the left ventricle, the left atrium, and the right ventricle. In 2/3 of the patients who had an acute myocardial infarction, the normal geometry of the left ventricle was observed. Around one-quarter of the patients had a concentric remodeling (24%), an eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was the least common (15%). The heart of patients who had an acute myocardial infarction demonstrates a lower functionality being compared to the subjects in the control group. In these groups, the maximum value of the DAC / DDR ratio is observed, the ejection fraction is reduced. To a greater extent, the onset of acute myocardial infarction was determined by the size and mass of the left ventricular myocardium. Important meaning had also the body weight, BMI, surface area of the body, the size of the left atrium, and the right ventricle.

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Relationship of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Levels following Thrombolytic Therapy with rt-PA as Compared to Streptokinase and Patency of Infarct Related Coronary Artery

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1614637 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 82 (07) ◽

pp. 104-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Franck Paganelli ◽

Marie Christine Alessi ◽

Pierre Morange ◽

Jean Michel Maixent ◽

Samuel Lévy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Thrombolytic Therapy ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Control Group ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽

Vessel Patency ◽

Activator Inhibitor ◽

Pai 1

Summary Background: Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is considered to be risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A rebound of circulating PAI-1 has been reported after rt-PA administration. We investigated the relationships between PAI-1 levels before and after thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase (SK) as compared to rt-PA and the patency of infarct-related arteries. Methods and Results: Fifty five consecutive patients with acute MI were randomized to strep-tokinase or rt-PA. The plasma PAI-1 levels were studied before and serially within 24 h after thrombolytic administration. Vessel patency was assessed by an angiogram at 5 ± 1days. The PAI-1 levels increased significantly with both rt-PA and SK as shown by the levels obtained from a control group of 10 patients treated with coronary angioplasty alone. However, the area under the PAI-1 curve was significantly higher with SK than with rt-PA (p <0.01) and the plasma PAI-1 levels peaked later with SK than with rt-PA (18 h versus 3 h respectively). Conversely to PAI-1 levels on admission, the PAI-1 levels after thrombolysis were related to vessel patency. Plasma PAI-1 levels 6 and 18 h after SK therapy and the area under the PAI-1 curve were significantly higher in patients with occluded arteries (p <0.002, p <0.04 and p <0.05 respectively).The same tendency was observed in the t-PA group without reaching significance. Conclusions: This study showed that the PAI-1 level increase is more pronounced after SK treatment than after t-PA treatment. There is a relationship between increased PAI-1 levels after thrombolytic therapy and poor patency. Therapeutic approaches aimed at quenching PAI-1 activity after thrombolysis might be of interest to improve the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

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Systemic Thrombin Generation and Activity Resistant to Low Molecular Weight Heparin Administered Prior to Streptokinase in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655907 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (01) ◽

pp. 057-061 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dennis W T Nilsen ◽

Lasse Gøransson ◽

Alf-Inge Larsen ◽

Øyvind Hetland ◽

Peter Kierulf

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Body Weight ◽

Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽

Troponin T ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb

SummaryOne hundred patients were included in a randomized open trial to assess the systemic factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin inhibitory effect as well as the safety profile of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) given subcutaneously in conjunction with streptokinase (SK) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). The treatment was initiated prior to SK, followed by repeated injections every 12 h for 7 days, using a dose of 150 anti-Xa units per kg body weight. The control group received unfractionated heparin (UFH) 12,500 IU subcutaneously every 12 h for 7 days, initiated 4 h after start of SK infusion. All patients received acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) initiated prior to SK.Serial blood samples were collected prior to and during the first 24 h after initiation of SK infusion for determination of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (Fl+2), thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and cardiac enzymes. Bleeding complications and adverse events were carefully accounted for.Infarct characteristics, as judged by creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), were similar in both groups of patients.A comparable transient increase in Fl+2, TAT and FPA was noted irrespective of heparin regimen. Increased anti-Xa activity in patients given LMWH prior to thrombolytic treatment had no impact on indices of systemic thrombin activation.The incidence of major bleedings was significantly higher in patients receiving LMWH as compared to patients receiving UFH. However, the occurrence of bleedings was modified after reduction of the initial LMWH dose to 100 anti-Xa units per kg body weight.In conclusion, systemic FXa- and thrombin activity following SK-infusion in patients with acute MI was uninfluenced by conjunctive LMWH treatment.

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Association of Tooth Scaling with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Analysis of the Corresponding Medical Expenditure: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7613

Author(s):

Yi-Wei Kao ◽

Ben-Chang Shia ◽

Huei-Chen Chiang ◽

Mingchih Chen ◽

Szu-Yuan Wu

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Medical Expenditure ◽

Control Group ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Scaling Group

Accumulating evidence has shown a significant correlation between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases. In this study, we investigated the association between the frequency of tooth scaling and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Here, a group of 7164 participants who underwent tooth scaling was compared with another group of 7164 participants without tooth scaling through propensity score matching to assess AMI risk by Cox’s proportional hazard regression. The results show that the hazard ratio of AMI from the tooth scaling group was 0.543 (0.441, 0.670) and the average expenses of AMI in the follow up period was USD 265.76, while the average expenses of AMI in follow up period for control group was USD 292.47. The tooth scaling group was further divided into two subgroups, namely A and B, to check the influence of tooth scaling frequency on AMI risk. We observed that (1) the incidence rate of AMI in the group without any tooth scaling was 3.5%, which is significantly higher than the incidence of 1.9% in the group with tooth scaling; (2) the tooth scaling group had lower total medical expenditures than those of the other group because of the high medical expenditure associated with AMI; and (3) participants who underwent tooth scaling had a lower AMI risk than those who never underwent tooth scaling had. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of preventive medicine.

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The effect of preloading statins prior to primary reperfusion on in-hospital mortality risk in a contemporary large-scale cohort of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

R Fu ◽

C.X Song ◽

X.D Li ◽

Y.J Yang

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Large Scale ◽

Reperfusion Therapy ◽

St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽

Control Group ◽

Funding Source ◽

St Elevation

Abstract Background The benefit of statins in secondary prevention of patients stabilized after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been well established. However, the benefit of preloading statins, i.e. high-intensity statins prior to reperfusion therapy remains unclear. Most previous studies included all types of ACS patients, and subgroup analysis indicated the benefit of preloading statins was only seen in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the sample size of subgroup population was relatively small and such benefit requires further validation. Objective To investigate the effect of loading dose of statins before primary reperfusion on 30-mortality in patients with STEMI. Methods We enrolled patients in China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry from January 2013 to September 2014. CAMI registry was a prospective multicenter registry of patients with acute acute myocardial infarction in China. Patients were divided into two groups according to statins usage: preloading group and control group. Patients in preloading group received loading does of statins before primary reperfusion and during hospitalization. Patients in control group did not receive statins during hospitalization or at discharge. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Baseline characteristics, angiographic characteristics and outcome were compared between groups. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to mitigate baseline differences between groups and examine the association between preloading statins on in-hospital mortality risk. The following variables were used to establish PS matching score: age, sex, classification of hospitals, clinical presentation (heart failure at presentation, cardiac shock, cardiac arrest, Killip classification), hypertension, diabetes, prior angina, prior myocardial infarction history, prior stroke, initial treatment. Results A total of 1169 patients were enrolled in control group and 6795 in preloading group. A total of 833 patients (334 in control group and 499 in preloading group) died during hospitalization. Compared with control group, preloading group were younger, more likely to be male and present with Killip I classification. The proportion of hypertension and diabetes were higher in preloading group. After PS matching, all the variables used to generate PS score were well balanced. In the PS-matched cohort, 30-day mortality risk was 26.3% (292/1112) in the control group and 11.9% (132/1112) in the preloading group (p<0.0001). Conclusions The current study found preloading statins treatment prior to reperfusion therapy reduced in-hospital mortality risk in a large-scale contemporary cohort of patients with STEMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

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High retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor A gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes may be related to acute myocardial infarction

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211019663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 030006052110196

Author(s):

Heyu Meng ◽

Jianjun Ruan ◽

Xiaomin Tian ◽

Lihong Li ◽

Weiwei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Orphan Receptor ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Artery Disease

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether differential expression of the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor A ( RORA) gene is related to occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods This was a retrospective study. White blood cells of 93 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 74 patients with stable coronary artery disease were collected. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to measure RORA mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results RORA mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with AMI were 1.57 times higher than those in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Protein RORA levels in peripheral blood of patients with AMI were increased. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of RORA was an independent risk factor for AMI, and it increased the risk of AMI by 2.990 times. Conclusion RORA expression levels in patients with AMI is significantly higher than that in patients with stable coronary artery disease. High expression of RORA is related to AMI and it may be an independent risk factor for AMI.

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