scholarly journals Culture of Mycobacterium smegmatis in Different Carbon Sources to Induce In Vitro Cholesterol Consumption Leads to Alterations in the Host Cells after Infection: A Macrophage Proteomics Analysis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Batista de Lima ◽  
Lana Patricia da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Luciana Pereira Xavier ◽  
Barbarella de Matos Macchi ◽  
Juliana Silva Cassoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Canonical Pathways ◽  
Cytoskeleton Remodeling ◽  
Ubiquitination Pathway

During tuberculosis, Mycobacterium uses host macrophage cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. To mimic these conditions, Mycobacterium smegmatis can be cultured in minimal medium (MM) to induce cholesterol consumption in vitro. During cultivation, M. smegmatis consumes MM cholesterol and changes the accumulation of cell wall compounds, such as PIMs, LM, and LAM, which plays an important role in its pathogenicity. These changes lead to cell surface hydrophobicity modifications and H2O2 susceptibility. Furthermore, when M. smegmatis infects J774A.1 macrophages, it induces granuloma-like structure formation. The present study aims to assess macrophage molecular disturbances caused by M. smegmatis after cholesterol consumption, using proteomics analyses. Proteins that showed changes in expression levels were analyzed in silico using OmicsBox and String analysis to investigate the canonical pathways and functional networks involved in infection. Our results demonstrate that, after cholesterol consumption, M. smegmatis can induce deregulation of protein expression in macrophages. Many of these proteins are related to cytoskeleton remodeling, immune response, the ubiquitination pathway, mRNA processing, and immunometabolism. The identification of these proteins sheds light on the biochemical pathways involved in the mechanisms of action of mycobacteria infection, and may suggest novel protein targets for the development of new and improved treatments.

scholarly journals Probiotic potential and safety characterization of Enterococcus hirae G24 isolated from indigenous raw goat milk

2020 ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Kamni Rajput ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Hirae ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Probiotic Potential

In this paper, an investigation on lactic acid bacterial isolates from ethnic goat raw milk samples were examined for their probiotic potential and safety parameters. For this purpose, isolated bacterial cultures were screened based on certain parameters viz., sugar fermentation, tolerance to temperature, salt, low pH, bile salts, and phenol resistance. After that, these bacterial cultures were more estimated in vitro for auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, response to simulated stomach duodenum channel, antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial activity. Besides, probiotic traits show the absence of gelatinase and hemolytic activity supports its safety. The isolate G24 showed good viability at different pH, bile concentration, phenol resistance and response to simulated stomach duodenum passage but it did not show gelatinase and hemolytic activities. Isolate G24 was susceptible to amikacin, carbenicillin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimazine, nitrofurantoin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Isolate G24 also exhibited antimicrobial action against five common pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogens, and Salmonella typhimurium. It displayed the maximum auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity to different hydrocarbons. Following molecular characterization the isolate G24 was identified as Enterococcus hirae with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny. E. hirae G24 bears the excellent properties of probiotics.

scholarly journals In vitro Post-Antifungal Effect of Posaconazole and Its Impact on Adhesion-Related Traits and Hemolysin Production of Oral Candida dubliniensis Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-558
Author(s):  
Arjuna Nishantha Bandara Ellepola ◽  
Ranil Samantha Dassanayake ◽  
Ziauddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Candida

Objective: Candidal adherence to denture acrylic surfaces (DAS) and oral buccal epithelial cells (BEC), formation of candidal germ tubes (GT), candidal cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and hemolysin production are important pathogenic traits of Candida. The antifungal drug-induced post-antifungal effect (PAFE) also impacts the virulence of Candida. Candida dubliniensis isolates are associated with the causation of oral candidiasis which could be managed with posaconazole. Thus far there is no evidence on posaconazole-induced PAFE and its impact on adhesion-related attributes and production of hemolysin by C. dubliniensis isolates. Hence, the PAFE, adhesion to DAS and BEC, formation of GT, CSH, and hemolysin production of 20 oral C. dubliniensis isolates after brief exposure to posaconazole was ascertained. Materials and Methods: The PAFE, adherence to DAS and BEC, formation of GT, candidal CSH, and hemolysin production were investigated by hitherto described in vitro assays. Results: The mean PAFE (h) induced by posaconazole on C. dubliniensis isolates was 1.66. Exposure to posaconazole suppressed the ability of C. dubliniensis to adhere to DAS, BEC, formation of candidal GT, candidal CSH and to produce hemolysin by a reduction of 44, 33, 34, 36, and 15% (p < 0.005 to p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Exposure of C. dubliniensis isolates to posaconazole for a brief period induced an antimycotic impact by subduing its growth in addition to suppressing pathogenic adherence-associated attributes, as well as production of hemolysin.

Lactobacilli Isolated from Chicken Intestines: Potential Use as Probiotics

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. GUSILS ◽  
A. PÉREZ CHAIA ◽  
S. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
G. OLIVER
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Lactobacillus Animalis

Lactobacillus strains were tested for their in vitro probiotic properties. Cell surface hydrophobicity was found to be very high for Lactobacillus fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and Salmonella Gallinarum; high values could indicate a greater ability to adhere to epithelial cells. Studies on Lactobacillus animalis indicated relative cell surface hydrophobicities smaller than those of L. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and L. fermentum. L. animalis and Enterococcus faecalis were able to coaggregate with L. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and L. fermentum, respectively, but not with Salmonella Gallinarum. After mixed-culture studies for determining suitable growth behavior, the pair of strains L. animalis plus L. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus was selected for an attempted challenge against Salmonella Gallinarum. Double and triple mixed-culture studies indicated that selected lactobacillus strains were able to retain their beneficial characteristics in the presence of Salmonella Gallinarum such as presence of lectins, production of antimicrobial compounds, and ability to grow and compete. The selected microorganisms can be considered as potential ingredients for a chicken probiotic feed formulation intended to control salmonellosis and also improve poultry sanitation.

scholarly journals Development of Selenized Lactic Acid Bacteria and their Selenium Bioaccummulation Capacity

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Gabriela Krausova ◽  
Antonin Kana ◽  
Ivana Hyrslova ◽  
Iva Mrvikova ◽  
Miloslava Kavkova
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dpph Method

Selenized lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent potentially safe and effective sources of selenium (Se), essential for human health, as lactic acid fermentation improves Se bioavailability and reduces its toxicity. LAB are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and widely used in fermented dairy products. To facilitate selenized LAB implementation as a functional food, we developed and characterized new Se-enriched strains based on the food industry commercial strains Streptococcus thermophilus CCDM 144 and Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A as representatives of two LAB genera. We evaluated Se bioaccumulation capacity, Se biotransformation and growth ability in the presence of different sodium selenite concentrations (0–50 mg/L), and antioxidant properties (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) and cell surface hydrophobicity between Se-enriched and parental strains in vitro. Sodium selenite addition did not negatively influence growth of either strain; thus, 50 mg/L was chosen as the optimal concentration based on strain accumulation capacity. Selenization improved the antioxidant properties of both strains and significantly increased their cell surface hydrophobicity (p < 0.05). To our knowledge, this represents the first report of Se-enriched strain hydrophobicity as well as the first on Se speciation in families Enterococcaceae and Streptococcaceae. Moreover, both tested strains demonstrated good potential for Se-enrichment, providing a foundation for further in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm the suitability of these Se-enriched strains for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Microenvironment ofMycobacterium smegmatisCulture to Induce Cholesterol Consumption Does Cell Wall Remodeling and Enables the Formation of Granuloma-Like Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Doria dos Santos ◽  
Victor Hugo de Souza Marinho ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Aviz Silva ◽  
Barbarella de Matos Macchi ◽  
Mara Silvia Pinheiro Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Cholesterol Supplementation ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell Wall ◽  
Bacteria Culture ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides

Pathogenic species of mycobacteria are known to use the host cholesterol during lung infection as an alternative source of carbon and energy. Mycobacteria culture in minimal medium (MM) has been used as anin vitroexperimental model to study the consumption of exogenous cholesterol. Once in MM, different species of mycobacteria start to consume the cholesterol and initiate transcriptional and metabolic adaptations, upregulating the enzymes of the methylcitrate cycle (MCC) and accumulating a variety of primary metabolites that are known to be important substrates for cell wall biosynthesis. We hypothesized that stressful pressure of cultures in MM is able to induce critical adaptation for the bacteria which win the infection. To identify important modifications in the biosynthesis of the cell wall, we cultured the fast-growing and nonpathogenicMycobacterium smegmatisin MM supplemented with or without glycerol and/or cholesterol. Different from the culture in complete medium Middlebrook 7H9 broth, the bacteria when cultured in MM decreased growth and changed in the accumulation of cell wall molecules. However, the supplementation of MM with glycerol and/or cholesterol recovered the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) and other phospholipids but maintained growth deceleration. The biosynthesis of lipomannan (LM) and of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) was significantly modulated after culture in MM, independently of glycerol and/or cholesterol supplementation, where LM size was decreased (LM13-25KDa) and LAM increased (LAM37-100KDa), when compared these molecules after bacteria culture in complete medium (LM17-25KDaandLAM37-50KDa). These changes modified the cell surface hydrophobicity and susceptibility against H2O2. The infection of J774 macrophages withM. smegmatis,after culture in MM, induced the formation of granuloma-like structures, while supplementation with cholesterol induced the highest rate of formation of these structures. Taken together, our results identify critical changes in mycobacterial cell wall molecules after culture in MM that induces cholesterol accumulation, helping the mycobacteria to increase their capacity to form granuloma-like structures.

scholarly journals n-Alkane Chain Length Alters Dietzia sp. Strain DQ12-45-1b Biosurfactant Production and Cell Surface Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Biao Wang ◽  
Yong Nie ◽  
Yue-Qin Tang ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Xiao-Lei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emulsification Activity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Alkane Chain ◽  
Chain Lengths

ABSTRACTUpon growth onn-hexadecane (C16),n-tetracosane (C24), andn-hexatriacontane (C36),Dietziasp. strain DQ12-45-1b could produce different glycolipids, phospholipids, and lipopeptides. Interestingly, cultivation with C36increased cell surface hydrophobic activity, which attenuated the negative effect of the decline of the emulsification activity. These results suggest that the mechanisms of biosurfactant production and cell surface hydrophobicity are dependent upon the chain lengths of then-alkanes used as carbon sources.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Hydrophobic Protein-MediatedCandida albicans Attachment to Endothelial Cells during Physiologic Shear Flow

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 2815-2820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pati M. Glee ◽  
Jim E. Cutler ◽  
Evelyn E. Benson ◽  
Robert F. Bargatze ◽  
Kevin C. Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Endothelial Monolayers

ABSTRACT Adhesion interactions during hematogenous dissemination ofCandida albicans likely involve a complex array of host and fungal factors. Possible C. albicans factors include changes in cell surface hydrophobicity and exposed antigens that have been shown in static adhesion assays to influence attachment events. We used a novel in vitro shear analysis system to investigate host-pathogen interactions and the role of fungal cell surface hydrophobicity in adhesion events with human endothelial cells under simulated physiologic shear. Endothelial monolayers were grown in capillary tubes and tested with and without interleukin-1β activation in buffered medium containing human serum. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic stationary-phase C. albicans yeast cells were infused into the system under shear flow and found to adhere with widely varying efficiencies. The average number of adherent foci was determined from multiple fields, sampled via video microscopy, between 8 and 12 min after infusion. Hydrophobic C. albicans cells demonstrated significantly more heterotypic binding events (Candida-endothelial cell) and greater homotypic binding events (Candida-Candida) than hydrophilic yeast cells. Cytokine activation of the endothelium significantly increased binding by hydrophobic C. albicans compared to unactivated host cells. Preincubation of hydrophobic yeast cells with a monoclonal antibody against hydrophobic cell wall proteins significantly blocked adhesion interactions with the endothelial monolayers. Because the antibody also blocks C. albicans binding to laminin and fibronectin, results suggest that vascular adhesion events with endothelial cells and exposed extracellular matrix may be blocked during C. albicans dissemination. Future studies will address the protective efficacy of blocking or redirecting blood-borne fungal cells to favor host defense mechanisms.

scholarly journals Coral-Associated Bacteria as a Promising Antibiofilm Agent against Methicillin-Resistant and -SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar ◽  
Nyagwencha Duncun Mosioma ◽  
Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Promising Source

The current study deals with the evaluation of two coral-associated bacterial (CAB) extracts to inhibit the biofilm synthesisin vitroas well as the virulence production like hemolysin and exopolysaccharide (EPS), and also to assess their ability to modify the adhesion properties, that is cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA). Out of nine CAB screened, the ethyl acetate extract of CAB-E2 (Bacillus firmus) and CAB-E4 (Vibrio parahemolyticus) have shown excellent antibiofilm activity againstS. aureus. CAB-E2 reduced the production of EPS (57–79%) and hemolysin (43–70%), which ultimately resulted in the significant inhibition of biofilms (80–87%) formed by both MRSA and MSSA. Similarly, CAB-E4 was also found to decrease the production of EPS (43–57%), hemolysin (43–57%) and biofilms (80–85%) of test pathogens. CLSM analysis also proved the antibiofilm efficacy of CAB extracts. Furthermore, the CAB extracts strongly decreased the CSH ofS. aureus. Additionally, FT-IR analysis ofS. aureustreated with CAB extracts evidenced the reduction in cellular components compared to their respective controls. Thus, the present study reports for the first time,B. firmus—a coral-associated bacterium, as a promising source of antibiofilm agent against the recalcitrant biofilms formed by multidrug resistantS. aureus.

scholarly journals Analysis of Functional Domains of theEnterococcus faecalis Pheromone-Induced Surface Protein Aggregation Substance

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (19) ◽  
pp. 5659-5667 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Waters ◽  
G. M. Dunny
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Aggregation Substance ◽  
C Terminus

ABSTRACT Pheromone-inducible aggregation substance (AS) proteins ofEnterococcus faecalis are essential for high-efficiency conjugation of the sex pheromone plasmids and also serve as virulence factors during host infection. A number of different functions have been attributed to AS in addition to bacterial cell aggregation, including adhesion to host cells, adhesion to fibrin, increased cell surface hydrophobicity, resistance to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and increased vegetation size in an experimental endocarditis model. Relatively little information is available regarding the structure-activity relationship of AS. To identify functional domains, a library of 23 nonpolar 31-amino-acid insertions was constructed in Asc10, the AS encoded by the plasmid pCF10, using the transposons TnlacZ/in and TnphoA/in. Analysis of these insertions revealed a domain necessary for donor-recipient aggregation that extends further into the amino terminus of the protein than previously reported. In addition, insertions in the C terminus of the protein also reduced aggregation. As expected, the ability to aggregate correlates with efficient plasmid transfer. The results also indicated that an increase in cell surface hydrophobicity resulting from AS expression is not sufficient to mediate bacterial aggregation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document