scholarly journals Host-Pathogen Interactions of Mycoplasma mycoides in Caprine and Bovine Precision-Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) Models

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenehiwot Weldearegay ◽  
Sandy Müller ◽  
Jana Hänske ◽  
Anja Schulze ◽  
Aline Kostka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Precision Cut Lung Slices ◽  
Over Time

Respiratory infections caused by mycoplasma species in ruminants lead to considerable economic losses. Two important ruminant pathogens are Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm), the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), which causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, and septicemia in goats. We established precision cut lung slices (PCLS) infection model for Mmm and Mmc to study host-pathogen interactions. We monitored infection over time using immunohistological analysis and electron microscopy. Moreover, infection burden was monitored by plating and quantitative real-time PCR. Results were compared with lungs from experimentally infected goats and cattle. Lungs from healthy goats and cattle were also included as controls. PCLS remained viable for up to two weeks. Both subspecies adhered to ciliated cells. However, the titer of Mmm in caprine PCLS decreased over time, indicating species specificity of Mmm. Mmc showed higher tropism to sub-bronchiolar tissue in caprine PCLS, which increased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, Mmc was abundantly observed on pulmonary endothelial cells, indicating partially, how it causes systemic disease. Tissue destruction upon prolonged infection of slices was comparable to the in vivo samples. Therefore, PCLS represents a novel ex vivo model to study host-pathogen interaction in livestock mycoplasma.

scholarly journals Dual Transcriptomic Analyses Unveil Host–Pathogen Interactions Between Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis and Laying Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Lina Song ◽  
Lie Hou ◽  
Zhengfeng Cao ◽  
Wanwipa Vongsangnak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Host Pathogen

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a pathogen that can readily infect ovarian tissues and colonize the granulosa cell layer such that it can be transmitted via eggs from infected poultry to humans in whom it can cause food poisoning. Ducks are an important egg-laying species that are susceptible to SE infection, yet the host–pathogen interactions between SE and ducks have not been thoroughly studied to date. Herein, we performed dual RNA-sequencing analyses of these two organisms in a time-resolved infection model of duck granulosa cells (dGCs) by SE. In total, 10,510 genes were significantly differentially expressed in host dGCs, and 265 genes were differentially expressed in SE over the course of infection. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of dGCs were enriched in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway via KEGG analyses, and the DEGs in SE were enriched in the two-component system, bacterial secretion system, and metabolism of pathogen factors pathways as determined. A subsequent weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway is mostly enriched at 6 h post-infection (hpi). Moreover, a number of pathogenic factors identified in the pathogen–host interaction database (PHI-base) are upregulated in SE, including genes encoding the pathogenicity island/component, type III secretion, and regulators of systemic infection. Furthermore, an intracellular network associated with the regulation of SE infection in ducks was constructed, and 16 cytokine response-related dGCs DEGs (including IL15, CD40, and CCR7) and 17 pathogenesis-related factors (including sseL, ompR, and fliC) were identified, respectively. Overall, these results not only offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying host–pathogen interactions between SE and ducks, but they may also aid in the selection of potential targets for antimicrobial drug development.

scholarly journals Investigation of the host transcriptional response to intracellular bacterial infection using Dictyostelium discoideum as a host model

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Kjellin ◽  
Maria Pränting ◽  
Frauke Bach ◽  
Roshan Vaid ◽  
Bart Edelbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Host Pathogen

Abstract Background During infection by intracellular pathogens, a highly complex interplay occurs between the infected cell trying to degrade the invader and the pathogen which actively manipulates the host cell to enable survival and proliferation. Many intracellular pathogens pose important threats to human health and major efforts have been undertaken to better understand the host-pathogen interactions that eventually determine the outcome of the infection. Over the last decades, the unicellular eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum has become an established infection model, serving as a surrogate macrophage that can be infected with a wide range of intracellular pathogens. In this study, we use high-throughput RNA-sequencing to analyze the transcriptional response of D. discoideum when infected with Mycobacterium marinum and Legionella pneumophila. The results were compared to available data from human macrophages. Results The majority of the transcriptional regulation triggered by the two pathogens was found to be unique for each bacterial challenge. Hallmark transcriptional signatures were identified for each infection, e.g. induction of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) and autophagy genes in response to M. marinum and inhibition of genes associated with the translation machinery and energy metabolism in response to L. pneumophila. However, a common response to the pathogenic bacteria was also identified, which was not induced by non-pathogenic food bacteria. Finally, comparison with available data sets of regulation in human monocyte derived macrophages shows that the elicited response in D. discoideum is in many aspects similar to what has been observed in human immune cells in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and L. pneumophila. Conclusions Our study presents high-throughput characterization of D. discoideum transcriptional response to intracellular pathogens using RNA-seq. We demonstrate that the transcriptional response is in essence distinct to each pathogen and that in many cases, the corresponding regulation is recapitulated in human macrophages after infection by mycobacteria and L. pneumophila. This indicates that host-pathogen interactions are evolutionary conserved, derived from the early interactions between free-living phagocytic cells and bacteria. Taken together, our results strengthen the use of D. discoideum as a general infection model.

scholarly journals Novel experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection model mimicking long-term host-pathogen interactions in cystic fibrosis

Apmis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUS MOSER ◽  
MARIA VAN GENNIP ◽  
THOMAS BJARNSHOLT ◽  
PETER ØSTRUP JENSEN ◽  
BAOLERI LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Required for Avian Escherichia coli Septicemia by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 2818-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganwu Li ◽  
Claudia Laturnus ◽  
Christa Ewers ◽  
Lothar H. Wieler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Periplasmic Proteins

ABSTRACT Infections with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis, an acute and largely systemic disease resulting in significant economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. Although various virulence-associated genes have been identified in APEC, their actual role in pathogenesis is still not fully understood, and, furthermore, certain steps of the infection process have not been related to previously identified factors. Here we describe the application of a signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis (STM) approach to identify critical genes required for APEC infections in vivo. Twenty pools of about 1,800 IMT5155 (O2:H5) mutants were screened in an infection model using 5-week-old chickens, and potentially attenuated mutants were subjected to a secondary screen and in vivo competition assays to confirm their attenuation. A total of 28 genes required for E. coli septicemia in chickens were identified as candidates for further characterization. Among these disrupted genes, six encode proteins involved in biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides; two encode iron transporters that have not been previously characterized in APEC in in vivo studies, and four showed similarity to membrane or periplasmic proteins. In addition, several metabolic enzymes, putative proteins with unknown function, and open reading frames with no similarity to other database entries were identified. This genome-wide analysis has identified both novel and previously known factors potentially involved in pathogenesis of APEC infection.

Identification of Salmonella gallinarum virulence genes in a chicken infection model using PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 3957-3968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra H. Shah ◽  
Mi-jin Lee ◽  
Jin-ho Park ◽  
John-hwa Lee ◽  
Seong-kug Eo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum

Salmonella gallinarum (SG) is a non-motile host-adapted salmonella that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study describes the application of a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis system to identify in vivo-essential genes of SG. Ninety-six pools representing 1152 SG mutants were screened in a natural-host chicken infection model. Twenty presumptive attenuated mutants were identified and examined further. The identity of the disrupted gene in each mutant was determined by cloning of the DNA sequences adjacent to the transposon, followed by sequencing and comparison with the bacterial genome database. In vitro and in vivo competition indices were determined for each identified mutant and a total of 18 unique, attenuating gene disruptions were identified. These mutations represented six broad genomic classes: Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1), SPI-2, SPI-10, SPI-13, SPI-14 and non-SPI-encoded virulence genes. SPI-13 and SPI-14 are newly identified and designated in this study. Most of the genes identified in this study were not previously believed or known to play a role in the pathogenesis of SG infection in chickens. Each STM identified mutant showed competitiveness and/or virulence defects, confirmed by in vitro and in vivo assays, and challenge tests. This study should contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in progression of disease caused by SG, and identification of novel live vaccine candidates and new potential antibiotic targets.

scholarly journals Phenotypic switching in Candida tropicalis alters host-pathogen interactions in a Galleria mellonella infection model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo F. Perini ◽  
Alane T. P. Moralez ◽  
Ricardo S. C. Almeida ◽  
Luciano A. Panagio ◽  
Admilton O. G. Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Phenotypic Switching ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Galleria mellonella as a Model System To Study Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenesis and Therapeutics

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2605-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Y. Peleg ◽  
Sebastian Jara ◽  
Divya Monga ◽  
George M. Eliopoulos ◽  
Robert C. Moellering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Acinetobacter Baylyi ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen

ABSTRACT Nonmammalian model systems of infection such as Galleria mellonella (caterpillars of the greater wax moth) have significant logistical and ethical advantages over mammalian models. In this study, we utilize G. mellonella caterpillars to study host-pathogen interactions with the gram-negative organism Acinetobacter baumannii and determine the utility of this infection model to study antibacterial efficacy. After infecting G. mellonella caterpillars with a reference A. baumannii strain, we observed that the rate of G. mellonella killing was dependent on the infection inoculum and the incubation temperature postinfection, with greater killing at 37°C than at 30°C (P = 0.01). A. baumannii strains caused greater killing than the less-pathogenic species Acinetobacter baylyi and Acinetobacter lwoffii (P < 0.001). Community-acquired A. baumannii caused greater killing than a reference hospital-acquired strain (P < 0.01). Reduced levels of production of the quorum-sensing molecule 3-hydroxy-C12-homoserine lactone caused no change in A. baumannii virulence against G. mellonella. Treatment of a lethal A. baumannii infection with antibiotics that had in vitro activity against the infecting A. baumannii strain significantly prolonged the survival of G. mellonella caterpillars compared with treatment with antibiotics to which the bacteria were resistant. G. mellonella is a relatively simple, nonmammalian model system that can be used to facilitate the in vivo study of host-pathogen interactions in A. baumannii and the efficacy of antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Understanding Host–Pathogen Interactions in Brassica napus in the Omics Era

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Ting Xiang Neik ◽  
Junrey Amas ◽  
Martin Barbetti ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline Batley
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Host Pathogen

Brassica napus (canola/oilseed rape/rapeseed) is an economically important crop, mostly found in temperate and sub-tropical regions, that is cultivated widely for its edible oil. Major diseases of Brassica crops such as Blackleg, Clubroot, Sclerotinia Stem Rot, Downy Mildew, Alternaria Leaf Spot and White Rust have caused significant yield and economic losses in rapeseed-producing countries worldwide, exacerbated by global climate change, and, if not remedied effectively, will threaten global food security. To gain further insights into the host–pathogen interactions in relation to Brassica diseases, it is critical that we review current knowledge in this area and discuss how omics technologies can offer promising results and help to push boundaries in our understanding of the resistance mechanisms. Omics technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches, allow us to understand the host and pathogen, as well as the interaction between the two species at a deeper level. With these integrated data in multi-omics and systems biology, we are able to breed high-quality disease-resistant Brassica crops in a more holistic, targeted and accurate way.

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