scholarly journals Twenty Years of Equine Piroplasmosis Research: Global Distribution, Molecular Diagnosis, and Phylogeny

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽  
Yuval Gottlieb ◽  
Lindsay M. Fry ◽  
Donald P. Knowles ◽  
Amir Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

Equine piroplasmosis (EP), caused by the hemoparasites Theileria equi, Theileria haneyi, and Babesia caballi, is an important tick-borne disease of equines that is prevalent in most parts of the world. Infection may affect animal welfare and has economic impacts related to limitations in horse transport between endemic and non-endemic regions, reduced performance of sport horses and treatment costs. Here, we analyzed the epidemiological, serological, and molecular diagnostic data published in the last 20 years, and all DNA sequences submitted to GenBank database, to describe the current global prevalence of these parasites. We demonstrate that EP is endemic in most parts of the world, and that it is spreading into more temperate climates. We emphasize the importance of using DNA sequencing and genotyping to monitor the spread of parasites, and point to the necessity of further studies to improve genotypic characterization of newly recognized parasite species and strains, and their linkage to virulence.

scholarly journals Investigating the presence of equine piroplasmosis in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (11) ◽  
pp. e97-e97
Author(s):  
Robert M Coultous ◽  
Desmond P Leadon ◽  
Brian R Shiels ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
William Weir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pcr Targeting

BackgroundEquine piroplasmosis (EP) is a notifiable disease in Ireland and a significant concern to domestic and international equine industries. Information regarding EP presence in Ireland is currently limited. This retrospective surveillance study describes a serological and molecular analysis of blood samples submitted to the Irish Equine Centre for EP testing between January 2013 and April 2016.MethodsFollowing serological testing, seropositive samples were screened using a PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Amplicon sequences were bioinformatically analysed to identify the parasite species and to assess genetic diversity.ResultsFrom 2099 screened equine blood samples, 2.5 per cent and 1 per cent were seropositive for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, respectively. T equi DNA was detected in 9 per cent of the seropositive samples while B caballi DNA was not detected in any sample. The T equi DNA sequences displayed no genetic diversity at this locus, in contrast to samples from the UK and from endemic areas.ConclusionDetection of EP-seropositive and parasitaemic horses in Ireland indicates a clear and present health risk to the equine population. It is recommended that owners adopt appropriate biosecurity measures and that clinicians are mindful of this disease as a differential diagnosis.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in jereed horses in Erzurum, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Guven ◽  
Hamza Avcioglu ◽  
Ahmet Deniz ◽  
İbrahim Balkaya ◽  
Ugur Abay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

AbstractEquine piroplasmosis (EP) is a hemoprotozoan tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution that is caused by

Molecular detection and prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses of central Balkan

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Davitkov ◽  
Milos Vucicevic ◽  
Jevrosima Stevanovic ◽  
Vanja Krstic ◽  
Dajana Slijepcevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractEquine piroplasmosis is significant tick-borne disease with wide distribution. The prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina is unknown. In aim to obtain a first insight into the prevalence we performed molecular epidemiological study which included 142 horses, on seven locations in these three countries. We first performed PCR for the detection of a 450bp long section of the 18S rRNA of piroplasma-specific region. For all positive samples we have done multiplex PCR for the species detection. Species determination was further confirmed by sequencing PCR products of 10 randomly selected

scholarly journals Evaluation of trace elements in equine piroplasmosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 6230-2019
Author(s):  
LORA KOENHEMSİ ◽  
FATMA ATEŞ ALKAN ◽  
GİULİA MORGANTİ ◽  
BORA Ü. BARUTÇU ◽  
ERMAN M. OR
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Serum Trace Element ◽  
Serum Trace Elements ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, which causes a significant economic loss. The aim of this study was to determine the disease-related changes of serum trace elements that play an important role in the immune system. Our study was conducted on 20 horses with piroplasmosis and 20 healthy horses. It was performed to evaluate some of the serum trace element levels (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), boron (B), and nickel (Ni)) in equine piroplasmosis. The elements were analyzed in serum using ICP-OES. Infected horses had significantly higher serum Mg and Mn levels. In conclusion, changes of serum trace elements in infected horses can provide valuable information about pathophysiological aspects and they are also good indicators for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment evaluation. Much more scientific research is required to evaluate the trace elements related to equine piroplasmosis.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Piroplasms in Donkeys and Horses from Nigeria

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idoko Sunday Idoko ◽  
Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽  
Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz ◽  
Babagana Mohammed Adam ◽  
Bello Sikiti Garba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dual Infections

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of equids, caused by the two haemoprotozoal parasites: Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. Nigeria constitutes a major crossroads of animal transport in West Africa and may serve as a factor in EP dissemination in the region. The study aim was to characterize EP parasites in donkeys and horses in northern Nigeria using a molecular approach. Blood was collected from 57 donkeys and 47 horses. EP infection was detected and characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty five donkeys (43.8%) were infected with T. equi, five (8.8%) with B. caballi, three (5.3%) with dual infections. Four horses (8.5%) were infected by T. equi and none by B. caballi. Four of the five known T. equi 18S rRNA genotypes (A, B, C and D) were identified. Theileria equi ema-1 and ema-2 genes were amplified in only 2 and 10 samples, respectively, showing no genetic variation. All B. caballi isolates were classified as rap-1 genotype A1. Twenty-two (42.3%) of the donkeys were positive for anti-T. equi antibodies and 29 (55.8%) were positive for anti-B. caballi antibodies, using immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The study results demonstrate high genetic variation within T. equi parasites, suggesting that donkeys may be reservoirs of EP parasites in West Africa.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Equine Piroplasms Using Multiplex PCR and First Genetic Characterization of Theileria haneyi in Egypt

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Bassma S. M. Elsawy ◽  
Ahmed M. Nassar ◽  
Heba F. Alzan ◽  
Raksha V. Bhoora ◽  
Sezayi Ozubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
First Time

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is an infectious disease caused by the hemoprotozoan parasites Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, and the recently identified species T. haneyi. Hereby, we used a multiplex PCR (mPCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi and B. caballi for the simultaneous detection of EP in Egyptian equids and examined the presence of T. haneyi infections in Egypt. Blood samples from 155 equids (79 horses and 76 donkeys) collected from different governorates of Egypt were examined by mPCR and PCR targeting T. hayeni. The mPCR method revealed a prevalence of T. equi of 20.3% in horses and of 13.1% in donkeys and a prevalence of B. caballi of 1.2% in horses. B. caballi was not detected in donkeys in the current study. The mPCR method also detected coinfections with both species (2.5% and 1.3% in horses and donkeys, respectively). Additionally, we report the presence of T. haneyi in Egypt for the first time in 53.1% of the horse and 38.1% of the donkey tested samples. Coinfection with T. haneyi and T. equi was found in 13.5% of the samples, while infection with the three EP species was found in 1.9% of the samples.

scholarly journals A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
ThankGod E. Onyiche ◽  
Keisuke Suganuma ◽  
Ikuo Igarashi ◽  
Naoaki Yokoyama ◽  
Xuenan Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vector Ecology ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Tick Vectors ◽  
And Control

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

scholarly journals Molecular and microscopic detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi among working horses and donkeys in Cairo and Giza provinces of Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Soliman ◽  
Nagwa M. Elhawary ◽  
Nashwa M. Helmy ◽  
Sahar M. Gadelhaq
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is an ixodid tick-borne disease caused by Theileria equi and/or Babesia caballi that can lead to severe health issues and economic losses among equine population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. equi and B. caballi among Egyptian equines based on microscopy and conventional PCR. Also, to determine the effect of season, age, and sex of on their prevalence and determining the difference in sensitivity between microscopy and conventional PCR in the diagnosis of EP. This study was carried out on 432 blood samples randomly collected from 146 horses and 286 donkeys during a period from April 2016 to March 2018. Microscopic examination revealed that among horses, 13 (8.9%) and 4 (2.7%) were infected by T. equi and B. caballi respectively. While among donkeys, 22 (7.7%), 16 (5.6%) respectively. While mixed infections were detected in 4 (1.4%) donkeys. There was a statistically nonsignificant relation between prevalence of infection and season and sex of equines but the highest prevalence was recorded in age group less than 5 years old. By conventional PCR, among 64 horses, 15 (23.4%) and 8 (12.5%) were infected by T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. While among 76 donkeys, 36 (47.4%), 16 (21.1%), and 5 (6.6%) were infected by T. equi, B. caballi, and mixed infection, respectively. Our finding proved the existence of T. equi and B. caballi among equines.

scholarly journals Employment of the 18s rRNA screening PCR technique in the detection of Equine Piroplasmosis, in horses of sports and military operations, of the Brazilian Army

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1680-1684
Author(s):  
C.P. Sousa ◽  
J.G.B. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Effectiveness Factors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACT The present work had the objective of detecting the occurrence of Equine Piroplasmosis in horses housed in the 3rd Guards Cavalry Regiment (GCR) - Brazilian Army (BA) ˗ Porto Alegre, RS-Brazil, as well as to demonstrate the proactivity of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique, aiming at the judicious use of the resources involved in the training and employment of Equines in the Brazilian Army. Fifty horses of the 3rd GCR - Porto Alegre ˗ RS, which are employed for Sport, Military Ceremonial, Law and Order Guarantee Operations (LOGO), were evaluated by means of the 18s r RNA screening with PCR technique, thirty eight horses with Babesia Caballi and Theileria Equi were detected, which corresponds to an incidence of 76% of the horses effective analyzed at the time. In this way, it can be verified that the Military activity have its "performance and effectiveness" factors threatened in case the health of the principal of his means employed, that is the horse, is compromised. The PCR technique then offers a reliable and feasible tool for the detection of Equine Piroplasmosis in BA horses.

scholarly journals Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Almeida Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Andreina de Carvalho Araujo ◽  
Larissa Célly Souza Regis Pires ◽  
Carla Roberta Freschi ◽  
Sergio Santos Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Important Disease

Abstract Equine piroplasmosis, an economically important disease in horses, has so far not been reported in Pernambuco state, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-Babesia caballi and anti-Theileria equi antibodies based on the detection of these agents in equine blood and in ticks on horses in the municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were drawn from 393 horses and sera were examined by ELISA. The presence of tick infestations was evaluated, and 101 ticks were subjected to DNA amplification for the detection of Babesia spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No parasites were detected in the blood smears. Anti-B. caballi and anti-T. equi antibodies were found in 27.2% (107/393) and 34.8% (137/393) horses, respectively. Infestation by Dermacentor nitens was detected in 4.3% (17/393) of the horses. There was no DNA amplification of the agents in ticks. The risk factors for the presence of anti-T. equi antibodies (P < 0.05) were: purebred (P < 0.001), animals older than 156 months (P = 0.014), and the presence of ticks (P = 0.001). No risk factors for B. caballi were identified. This study confirmed the circulation of agents of equine piroplasmosis in the municipality of Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

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