scholarly journals Medicines Acceptability in Hospitalized Children: An Ongoing Need for Age-Appropriate Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Omar Elhamdaoui ◽  
Amina Berraho ◽  
Lalla Ouafae Cherkaoui ◽  
Yamna Kriouile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Context ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

Although knowledge on medicine acceptability remains fragmented, this multi-faceted concept has emerged as a key factor for compliance in pediatrics. In order to investigate the acceptability of medicines used in the University Medical Centre Ibn Sina (CHIS) of Rabat, Morocco, an observational study was conducted. Using a multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability, standardized observer reports were collected for 570 medicine intakes in patients up to the age of 16, then analyzed on a reference framework. Tablets appeared to be well accepted in children greater than 6 years old, but were crushed/dissolved for 90% of the 40 children aged from 3 to 5, and 100% of the 38 patients younger than 3. Moreover, the prescribed dose was fully taken for only 52% and 16% of these younger children, respectively. Despite this, tablets represented 24% of evaluations in children from 3 to 5 and 20% in infants and toddlers. Oral liquid preparations appeared to be better accepted than tablets in preschoolers, but not for those under 3. Overall, these findings highlight the lack of suitable alternatives for the younger children, especially for formulations of antiepileptics, antithrombotic, and psycholeptic agents in the local context.

scholarly journals Acceptability of a Sublingual Drug Formulation for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Andrzej Emeryk ◽  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda ◽  
Arkadiusz Jędrzejewski ◽  
Frederic Durmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Treatment Safety ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

In pediatrics, acceptability has emerged as a key factor for compliance, and consequently for treatment safety and efficacy. Polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL) in 50-mg sublingual tablets is indicated in children and adults for the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections. This medication may be prescribed in children over 3 years of age; the appropriateness of this sublingual formulation should thus be demonstrated amongst young children. Using a multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability, standardized observer reports were collected for medication intake over the course of treatment (days 1, 2, and 10) in 37 patients aged 3 to 5 years, and then analyzed in an intelligible model: the acceptability reference framework. According to this multidimensional model, 50-mg PMBL sublingual tablets were classified as “positively accepted” in children aged 3 to 5 years on all three days of evaluation. As the acceptability evaluation should be relative, we demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the acceptability of these sublingual tablets and a score reflecting the average acceptability of oral/buccal medicines in preschoolers. These results highlight that sublingual formulations could be appropriate for use in preschoolers.

scholarly journals Exploring Acceptability Drivers of Oral Antibiotics in Children: Findings from an International Observational Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Yahya Bensouda ◽  
Jumpei Saito ◽  
Liv Mathiesen ◽  
Varsha Pokharkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
The Many

Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in children. Adherence to the treatment with these drugs is of the utmost importance to prevent the emergence of resistant bacteria, a global health threat. In children, medicine acceptability is likely to have a significant impact on compliance. Herein we used a multivariate approach, considering simultaneously the many aspects of acceptability to explore the drivers of oral antibiotic acceptability in children under twelve, especially in toddlers and in preschoolers. Based on 628 real-life observer reports of the intake of 133 distinct medicines, the acceptability reference framework highlighted the influence of many factors such as age and sex of patients, previous exposure to treatment, place of administration, administration device, flavor agent in excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient. These findings from an international observational study emphasize the multidimensional nature of acceptability. Therefore, it is crucial to consider all these different aspects for assessing this multi-faceted concept and designing or prescribing a medicine in order to reach adequate acceptability in the target population.

scholarly journals Ageism on Campus: Opportunities to Include Age in Diversity and Inclusion Efforts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Cassandra Barragan ◽  
Stephanie Wladkowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Older Learners ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Midwestern University ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

Abstract Diversity and inclusion are essential perspectives on university campuses. In recent years, there has been a nationwide decline in admissions resulting in changes to traditionally FTIAC driven college campuses. An environmental scan was completed at a mid-sized midwestern university to explore age-inclusive barriers and opportunities for change. In-depth interviews were held with 28 EMU stakeholders representing a wide variety of ages in leadership positions across campus. Students aged 40 and above (N=248) were also surveyed about their experiences on campus. Qualitative analysis revealed ageist attitudes about older adults and older students from at all levels of the university. Results demonstrate that initial responses to ‘age-friendly’ focused on stereotypes of older adults, but attitudes adjusted when reframed as older learners and further refined when older learners were defined as 40 and above. Additionally, there was a distinct disconnect between ageist perceptions towards older adults and older students which highlights the importance of intergenerational opportunities as an approach to combat ageist attitudes on campus. While these barriers require long-term and complicated solutions, participants described the many benefits that older learners bring to enrich the campus. Results of this research revealed opportunities to reframe aging in the context of diversity and inclusion efforts on campus. Adopting diversity efforts to include age can benefit universities in not only admissions, classroom experiences, and connections to surrounding communities.

scholarly journals Observations on the Growth of Meningococciin vitroin Relation to Virulence: A Report to the Medical Research Council on Work Carried out at the University of Cambridge pathological laboratory and field Laboratories

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. D. Murray ◽  
R. Ayrton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Every bacteriologist is only too well aware of the many problems presented by the preparation of culture media for the growth of bacteriain vitro.

Who tells which story and why? Micro and macro contexts in narrative

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna de Fina
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Local Meaning ◽  
The Many

AbstractThis article focuses on the inter-relations between storytelling and micro and macro contexts. It explores how narrative activity is shaped by and shapes in unique ways the local context of interaction in a community of practice, an Italian American card-playing club, but also illustrates how the storytelling events that take place within this local community relate to wider social processes. The analysis centers on a number of topically linked narratives to argue that these texts have a variety of functions linked to the roles and relationships negotiated by individuals within the club and to the construction of a collective identity for the community. However, the narrative activities that occur within the club also articulate aspects of the wider social context. It is argued that, in the case analyzed here, local meaning-making activities connect with macro social processes through the negotiation, within the constraints of local practices, of the position and roles of the ethnic group in the wider social space. In this sense, narrative activity can be seen as one of the many symbolic practices (Bourdieu 2002 [1977]) in which social groups engage to carry out struggles for legitimation and recognition in order to accumulate symbolic capital and greater social power.

Welcome and introduction

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Joint Meeting ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

It is my pleasant duty to welcome you all most warmly to this meeting, which is one of the many events stimulated by the advisory committee of the William and Mary Trust on Science and Technology and Medicine, under the Chairmanship of Sir Arnold Burgen, the immediate past Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society. This is a joint meeting of the Royal Society and the British Academy, whose President, Sir Randolph Quirk, will be Chairman this afternoon, and it covers Science and Civilization under William and Mary, presumably with the intention that the Society would cover Science if the Academy would cover Civilization. The meeting has been organized by Professor Rupert Hall, a Fellow of the Academy and also well known to the Society, who is now Emeritus Professor of the History of Science and Technology at Imperial College in the University of London; and Mr Norman Robinson, who retired in 1988 as Librarian to the Royal Society after 40 years service to the Society.

scholarly journals “Our” Bodies: Property Rights in Human Tissue

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Many ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
The University ◽  
Near Future

AbstractIn Moore v. Regents of the University of California, the Supreme Court of California held that the human source of blood and tissue used by his physician and other defendants in potentially lucrative medical research without his permission could not assert a legal claim that, in doing so, the defendants had deprived him of any property right in these materials or the cell line developed from them. He was, however, permitted to proceed with his claim that there had been a failure to obtain his informed consent to the excision or removal of these materials, given that their end uses were not disclosed. The decision in Moore is but one example of the range of new legal problems created by the many and rapid advances in biotechnology, and of the attempts courts are making to respond. The judgment raises questions about whether these types of issues as between the patient and medical, research, and pharmaceutical concerns can or ought to be analyzed in terms of property rights. Are the general justifications for recognizing proprietary rights that have traditionally been influential in judicial decisions useful or helpful in this context? And what of the identity of the decision-maker? In Moore, the majority was content to effectively delegate much of the decision-making authority to the U.S. Patent Office and the Office of Technology Assessment. While there are no Canadian decisions directly on point as yet, the pace of technological advances, the potential for economic gain, and the international nature of biotechnology enterprises all set the scene for these issues' coming before our courts in the near future. This paper begins to explore the implications of adopting an analytical model based on property rights and to address the fact that the biotechnology industry already operates on the premise that such material can be owned. It concludes that the current legal regime needs to be modified to allow effective control of these new realities and suggests principles that might be adopted to address important concerns that are raised by the transformation of human tissue and cells into economic goods.

Anton Bruckner

Music ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Aschauer
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Full Time ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Upper Austria ◽  
Anton Bruckner ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Many ◽  
Music Theorist ◽  
The University ◽  
Full Time Employment

Bruckner was born in Ansfelden (rural Upper Austria) in 1824 and was originally trained as a schoolmaster. He only left this career path in his early thirties when he assumed the organist position at the Linz cathedral, his first full-time employment as a musician. It was also in Linz that he completed six years of training in harmony and counterpoint with Simon Sechter (1855–1861) as well as lessons in form and orchestration with Otto Kitzler (1861–1863) after which he commenced work on his first symphony in 1865. Bruckner’s three large masses also date from his Linz period. Concert tours to France in 1869 and England in 1871 brought Bruckner major successes as organ improvisor. In 1868 Bruckner became professor of counterpoint and thoroughbass as well as professor of organ at the Vienna conservatory. Success as a composer did not follow suit as quickly. His passionate admiration of Wagner—to whom he dedicated his Third Symphony in 1873—rendered Bruckner the target of hostility from the supporters of Brahms in Vienna, especially of music critic Eduard Hanslick. The latter was also instrumental in obstructing Bruckner’s employment at the University of Vienna until 1875, when Bruckner finally became lecturer of harmony and counterpoint at the university. Despite his fame as an organist and music theorist, Bruckner saw himself, above all else, as a symphonic composer and it is the development of the symphony as a genre that occupied most of his compositional interest throughout his career. Accordingly, the multiple versions of Bruckner’s symphonies have long been a main focal point of Bruckner scholarship. These revisions were variously motivated. Earlier works, including the three masses and symphonies 1–5, underwent reworking during Bruckner’s “revision period” (1876–1880), largely as a result of the composer’s evolving notions of phrase and period structure. Later revisions were often the results of performances or were made to prepare the manuscripts for publication. Bruckner’s former students, most notably Franz and Josef Schalk and Ferdinand Löwe, were involved in these revisions, although the extent of this involvement has never been entirely revealed. Starting in the 1920s, scholars began to raise questions about the validity of the revisions made during the preparations of the editions published during the 1880s and 1890s. While some accepted the authenticity of these texts, other influential figures—among them Robert Haas, coeditor of the first Bruckner complete edition—claimed that Bruckner’s students had urged the composer, wearied by rejection in Vienna, into making ill-advised changes or, worse yet, altered his scores without his knowledge and permission. The resulting debate, the Bruckner Streit, involved serious source-critical issues, but eventually devolved on ideological claims more than factual analysis. The process led to the first Bruckner Gesamtausgabe, which published the manuscript versions of Bruckner’s works starting in 1934, first under the editorship of Robert Haas and later of Leopold Nowak. However, these editions are now largely outdated due to the many manuscript sources that have become available since the mid-20th century. Haas’s work has also been criticized in more recent years for rather subjectively mixing sources. Therefore, two new complete editions have recently been started. Another topic that has fascinated Bruckner scholarship for much of the last century is the unfinished finale of the 9th symphony and its possible completion.

The Many Racial Effigies of Sara Baartman

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellen Hoxworth
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
African Students ◽  
The Many ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
The University

Six African students enact a somber, silent dance. They stage a series of striking images at the base of South African artist Willie Bester's sculptureSara Baartman, in the Chancellor Oppenheimer Library at the University of Cape Town (UCT). Their faces and bodies smeared with black paint, the students articulate their protest ofSara Baartmanin explicitly racial terms, aligning their critiques of economic, colonial, and racial oppression under the sign of blackness.

Henry Drysdale Dakin 1880-1952

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 128-148 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Later Life ◽  
School Life ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Sugar Refinery ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

Henry Drysdale Dakin was born at 60 Fitzjohn’s Avenue, Hampstead, London, on 12 March 1880. He was the youngest of a family of eight, there being five brothers and three sisters of whom one brother and two sisters now survive. His father, Thomas Burns Dakin, had previously owned a sugar refinery in London, and when this came to an end he acquired an iron and steel business in Leeds, and the whole family removed to Yorkshire. After a brief spell at Merchant Taylors’ School, H. D. Dakin entered Leeds Modern School in 1893 and remained there for the rest of his school life. Five of the old boys of this school became University professors, and of these may be mentioned H. H. Turner, Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford, and H. M. Dawson, who was the first Professor of Physical Chemistry at Leeds, both of whom were elected to the Fellowship of this Society, and the latter, who was a few years senior to Dakin at school, became his personal friend at the University. Some years ago this school, which was formerly in the centre of Leeds, moved to the north of the city and was organized as four Houses, one of which is known as ‘Dakin House’; and thus Dakin’s memory is kept green in the school, and his story and prestige have become a part of the school’s history. Assistant to analyst After leaving school Dakin was apprenticed to the Leeds City Analyst, Mr T. Fairley. He remained in Fairley’s laboratory for four years and in later life he ascribed a great importance to the experience which he gained there. An analyst in this position held many public appointments which brought a great variety of work to the laboratory. Among other offices Fairley held that of official gas referee, and this involved a good deal of analytical work—such as tests for sulphur content—involving attendance at gas works, and this work usually fell to the lot of the senior apprentice of the time. Accordingly, much of Dakin’s early life was spent in the precincts of gas works. In spite of long working hours, however, he found time to become an angler. One of his holidays in later years was spent fishing in Ireland with his friend, Harold Dudley. Dakin was inclined to trace a connexion between this period in Fairley’s laboratory and his later interest in biochemistry, because of the experience he gained from the many analyses of water, foods and fertilizers which came his way, as well as from the examinations made for a number of poisons. He admitted, indeed, that he had revelled in books on medical jurisprudence; but he claimed that all this had helped him to realize that chemistry had a biological side.

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