scholarly journals Exploring Acceptability Drivers of Oral Antibiotics in Children: Findings from an International Observational Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Yahya Bensouda ◽  
Jumpei Saito ◽  
Liv Mathiesen ◽  
Varsha Pokharkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
The Many

Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in children. Adherence to the treatment with these drugs is of the utmost importance to prevent the emergence of resistant bacteria, a global health threat. In children, medicine acceptability is likely to have a significant impact on compliance. Herein we used a multivariate approach, considering simultaneously the many aspects of acceptability to explore the drivers of oral antibiotic acceptability in children under twelve, especially in toddlers and in preschoolers. Based on 628 real-life observer reports of the intake of 133 distinct medicines, the acceptability reference framework highlighted the influence of many factors such as age and sex of patients, previous exposure to treatment, place of administration, administration device, flavor agent in excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient. These findings from an international observational study emphasize the multidimensional nature of acceptability. Therefore, it is crucial to consider all these different aspects for assessing this multi-faceted concept and designing or prescribing a medicine in order to reach adequate acceptability in the target population.

scholarly journals Medicines Acceptability in Hospitalized Children: An Ongoing Need for Age-Appropriate Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Omar Elhamdaoui ◽  
Amina Berraho ◽  
Lalla Ouafae Cherkaoui ◽  
Yamna Kriouile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Context ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

Although knowledge on medicine acceptability remains fragmented, this multi-faceted concept has emerged as a key factor for compliance in pediatrics. In order to investigate the acceptability of medicines used in the University Medical Centre Ibn Sina (CHIS) of Rabat, Morocco, an observational study was conducted. Using a multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability, standardized observer reports were collected for 570 medicine intakes in patients up to the age of 16, then analyzed on a reference framework. Tablets appeared to be well accepted in children greater than 6 years old, but were crushed/dissolved for 90% of the 40 children aged from 3 to 5, and 100% of the 38 patients younger than 3. Moreover, the prescribed dose was fully taken for only 52% and 16% of these younger children, respectively. Despite this, tablets represented 24% of evaluations in children from 3 to 5 and 20% in infants and toddlers. Oral liquid preparations appeared to be better accepted than tablets in preschoolers, but not for those under 3. Overall, these findings highlight the lack of suitable alternatives for the younger children, especially for formulations of antiepileptics, antithrombotic, and psycholeptic agents in the local context.

scholarly journals Does additional antimicrobial treatment have a better effect on URTI cough resolution than homeopathic symptomatic therapy alone? A real-life preliminary observational study in a pediatric population

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zanasi ◽  
Salvatore Cazzato ◽  
Massimiliano Mazzolini ◽  
Carla Maria Sofia Ierna ◽  
Marianna Mastroroberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Double Blind

Background. The effectiveness of a homeopathic syrup on cough has been demonstrated in an adult population in a previous double-blind randomized study. The present prospective observational study investigated children affected by wet acute cough caused by non-complicated URTIs, comparing those who received the homeopathic syrup versus those treated with the homeopathic syrup plus antibiotic. Objectives. The aims were: 1) to assess whether the addition of antibiotics to a symptomatic treatment had a role in reducing the severity and duration of acute cough in a pediatric population, as well as in improving cough resolution; 2) to verify the safety of the two treatments. Methods. Eighty-five children were enrolled in an open study: 46 children received homeopathic syrup alone for 10 days and 39 children received homeopathic syrup for 10 days plus oral antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin/clavulanate, clarithromycin, and erythromycin) for 7 days. To assess cough severity we used a subjective verbal category-descriptive (VCD) scale. Results. Cough VCD score was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in both groups starting from the second day of treatment (−0.52 ± 0.66 in the homeopathic syrup group and −0.56 ± 0.55 in children receiving homeopathic syrup plus oral antibiotic treatment). No significant differences in cough severity or resolution were found between the two groups of children in any of the 28 days of the study. After the first week (day 8) cough was completely resolved in more than one-half of patients in both groups. Two children (4.3 %) reported adverse effects in the group treated with the homeopathic syrup alone, versus 9 children (23.1 %) in the group treated with the homeopathic syrup plus antibiotics (P = 0.020). Conclusions. Our data confirm that the homeopathic treatment in question has potential benefits for cough in children as well, and highlight the strong safety profile of this treatment. Additional antibiotic prescription was not associated with a greater cough reduction, and presented more adverse events than the homeopathic syrup alone.

scholarly journals Solubility and Stability Enhanced Oral Formulations for the Anti-Infective Corallopyronin A

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Anna K. Krome ◽  
Tim Becker ◽  
Stefan Kehraus ◽  
Andrea Schiefer ◽  
Christian Steinebach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amorphous Solid Dispersion ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Intravenous And Oral Administration

Novel-antibiotics are urgently needed to combat an increase in morbidity and mortality due to resistant bacteria. The preclinical candidate corallopyronin A (CorA) is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative pathogens for which a solid oral formulation was needed for further preclinical testing of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The neat API CorA is poorly water-soluble and instable at room temperature, both crucial characteristics to be addressed and overcome for use as an oral antibiotic. Therefore, amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) was chosen as formulation principle. The formulations were prepared by spray-drying, comprising the water-soluble polymers povidone and copovidone. Stability (high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry), dissolution (biphasic dissolution), and solubility (biphasic dissolution, Pion’s T3 apparatus) properties were analyzed. Pharmacokinetic evaluations after intravenous and oral administration were conducted in BALB/c mice. The results demonstrated that the ASD formulation principle is a suitable stability- and solubility-enhancing oral formulation strategy for the API CorA to be used in preclinical and clinical trials and as a potential market product.

KEARIFAN LOKAL (LOCAL GENIUS) SEBAGAI SOKO GURU MENATA PERADABAN BANGSA YANG BERKARAKTER NUSANTARA (REFLEKSI KARYA KI DALANG TANGSUB)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Suarta
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Mental Attitude ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Many ◽  
Written Traditions

Local knowledge (local genius) is the quintessence of our ancestors thinking either oral or written traditions which we have received to date. Thought that, in the context of real archipelago has the same thread, which has a valuable values and universal to strengthen the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. Through our founding genius thought that we should be able to implement it in real life to be able to reach people who "Gemah ripah loh jinawi", no less clothing, food, and shelter!Some of the many concepts of mind for the people of Bali are reflected in the work of puppeteer Ki Dalang Tangsub contributed to the development of Indonesia and has a universal value is the concept of maintaining the environment, save money, and humble. Through mental attitude has not always feel pretty; like not smart enough, not skilled enough, and not mature enough experience, make us always learn and practice. Learn and continue lifelong learning will make a man more mature and a lot of experience. Thus, the challenges in life will be easy to overcome. All that will be achieved, in addition to the hard work is also based on the mental attitude of inferiority is not proud, haughty, arrogant and other negative attitudes. Thought care environment, managing finances, and humble as described above, in Bali has been formulated through a literature shaped geguritan, namely Geguritan I Gedé Basur Dalang Tangsub works, one of the great authors in the early 19th century.  Keywords: Local knowledge, a cornerstone of, the character of the archipelago

scholarly journals Mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics versus mechanical bowel preparation only prior rectal surgery (MOBILE2): a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial—study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051269
Author(s):  
Laura Koskenvuo ◽  
Pipsa Lunkka ◽  
Pirita Varpe ◽  
Marja Hyöty ◽  
Reetta Satokari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Rectal Surgery ◽  
Mechanical Bowel Preparation ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Double Blinded

IntroductionMechanical bowel preparation (MBP) prior to rectal surgery is widely used. Based on retrospective data many guidelines recommend mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation (MOABP) to reduce postoperative complications and specifically surgical site infections (SSIs). The primary aim of this study is to examine whether MOABP reduces complications of rectal surgery.Methods and analysisThe MOBILE2 (Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics vs Mechanical Bowel Preparation Only Prior Rectal Surgery) trial is a multicentre, double-blinded, parallel group, superiority, randomised controlled trial comparing MOABP to MBP among patients scheduled for rectal surgery with colorectal or coloanal anastomosis. The patients randomised to the MOABP group receive 1 g neomycin and 1 g metronidazole two times on a day prior to surgery and patients randomised to the MBP group receive identical placebo. Based on power calculations, 604 patients will be enrolled in the study. The primary outcome is Comprehensive Complication Index within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes are SSIs within 30 days after surgery, the number and classification of anastomosis dehiscences, the length of hospital stay, mortality within 90 days after surgery and the number of patients who received adjuvant treatment if needed. Tertiary outcomes are overall survival, disease-specific survival, recurrence-free survival and difference in quality-of-life before and 1 year after surgery. In addition, the microbiota differences in colon mucosa are analysed.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of Helsinki University Hospital approved the study. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed academic journals.Trial registration numberNCT04281667.

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