scholarly journals Acute Toxicity, Immunotoxicity and Allergenicity of Protease Complex Obtained from Micromycete Sarocladium strictum

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alipkina ◽  
Elena Kornienko ◽  
Denis Nalobin ◽  
Alexander Osmolovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Routes Of Administration

The different effects on animals of the thrombolytic protease complex of the new producer S. strictum 203 were studied. The tests of acute toxicity, immunotoxicity and allergenicity should conclude that the studied proteolytic complex is safe for medical usage. For the intravenous and the intraperitoneal routes of administration, the maximum tolerated dose and the median lethal dose were not determined.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Acute Toxicity Studies on the Methanol Extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (Fresen) Root Bark in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Joseph Fomnya Hyellavala
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and its intraperitoneal acute toxicity evaluated in mice. The phytochemical screening was carried out based on standard methods. The Median Lethal Dose (LD50 ) was determined using Lorke’s method while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (LD0 ) was determined by the method described by Mosser and Padilla. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. The extract produced intraperitoneal LD0 and LD50 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the research findings, the methanol extract of S. longepedunculata root bark was found to contain important phytochemicals which may be attributed to its enormous use in traditional medicine, but it was a highly toxic extract in mice with intraperitoneal LD50 and LD0 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively.

Acute toxicity and anthelmintic efficacy of khimedol

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
K.R. Toimbetova ◽  
M.A. Arzybaev ◽  
A.B. Shakirov ◽  
A.M. Malabaeva ◽  
N. Shyityeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Body Weight Control

The purpose of the research: to study acute toxicity and anthelmintic efficacy of khimedol, a new anthelmintic preparation. Materials and methods. Khimedol, anthelmintic preparation which was received by means of streamlined synthesis in the Institute Chemistry and Chemical Technology of National Academy of Science of Kyrgyz Republic was the object of the research (KG patent No. 1954, 2017). Experiments on identification of acute toxicity of khimedol were carried on 36 clinically healthy white mice of both genders with body weight about 18-22 g by means of oral supplementation of medication in the form of 10 % hydrous solution in dose of 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500 and 3,000 mg/kg of body weight. Statistical manipulation of digital materials was carried by the probit analysis method. Testing of anthelmintic efficacy of the medication was performed by control-test method on 40 lambs, which were infested by moniezia spontaneously. Khimedol was individually given to the lambs by mouth (per os) in a form of hydrous solution as a single dose of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg of body weight. Control animals were not undergone deworming. Flotation method was used for coprological surveys. Results and discussion. Maximum tolerated dose of khimedol (LD 0) for the white mice was 1,000 mg/kg, LD 16 - 1420 mg/kg, median lethal dose (LD 50) - 2,110 (1,563÷2,845.5) mg/kg, LD 84 - 2,970 mg/kg, and absolutely lethal dose (LD 100) - 3,000 mg/kg. Therefore, khimedol is a medication with low toxic potential to animals. During the experiments on testing the anthelmintic effectiveness of khimedol on sheep with monieziasis it has been established that the preparation exhibits its anthelmintic efficacy in a dose of 10 mg/kg: among 10 lambs 8 were treated from worms, and the number of eggs in 1 g of feces was decreased by 83.43%. Administration of khimedol in a dose of 20 and 30 mg/kg leads to full recovery of an animal from monieziasis (100%).

scholarly journals Improved up-and-down procedure for acute toxicity measurement with reliable LD50 verified by typical toxic alkaloids and modified Karber method

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yu Zhang ◽  
Yu-Feng Huang ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Berberine Hydrochloride ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids ◽  
Sinomenine Hydrochloride

Abstract Background Up-and-down procedure (UDP) was recommended to replace traditional acute toxicity methods. However, it was limited due to the long experimental period (20–42 days). To improve UDP, an improved UDP method (iUDP) was developed by shortening observation time between sequence dosages. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of iUDP to provide a reliable method for the acute toxicity measurement of valuable or minor amount compounds. Methods Oral median lethal dose (LD50) of nicotine, sinomenine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride were measured both by iUDP and modified Karber method (mKM). Results LD50 of the three alkaloids measured by iUDP with 23 mice were 32.71 ± 7.46, 453.54 ± 104.59, 2954.93 ± 794.88 mg/kg, respectively. LD50 of the three alkaloids measured by mKM with 240 mice were 22.99 ± 3.01, 456.56 ± 53.38, 2825.53 ± 1212.92 mg/kg, respectively. The average time consumed by the two methods were 22 days and 14 days respectively. Total grams of the alkaloids used by the two methods were 0.0082 and 0.0673 (nicotine), 0.114 and 1.24 (sinomenine hydrochloride), 1.9 and 12.7 (berberine hydrochloride). Conclusion iUDP could replace mKM to detect acute toxicity of substances with comparable and reliable result. And it is suitable for valuable or minor amount substances.

Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Sennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Veterinary Entomology ◽  
Russian Research

Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual houses with water. The drug was given in mg/kg body weight the next day. A total of 33 doses have been tested, ranging from 100 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. According to the research results, it was revealed that at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg there were no signs of intoxication, but when tested at 25,000 mg/kg in some mice, these signs were noted, and at 30,000, 35,000 and 40,000 mg/kg deaths were recorded 20±10, 45±30 and 60±20%, respectively. It was not possible to test the drug over the last above dose due to incomplete eaten by mice. According to the degree of danger for warm-blooded animals, the drug belongs to the 4th class of low-hazard drugs (average lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg or more) in accordance with the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. When analyzing the literature data on the toxicological characteristics of preparations containing ivermectin and chlorfenapyr, it was revealed that the insecticidal agent in its acute toxicity for warm-blooded animals is comparable to known analogues.

scholarly journals Comparable Long-Term Rabies Immunity in Foxes after IntraMuscular and Oral Application Using a Third-Generation Oral Rabies Virus Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Verena te Kamp ◽  
Virginia Friedrichs ◽  
Conrad M. Freuling ◽  
Ad Vos ◽  
Madlin Potratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Oral Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Cellular Immune

The live genetically-engineered oral rabies virus (RABV) variant SPBN GASGAS induces long-lasting immunity in foxes and protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of RABV field strains both after experimental oral and parenteral routes of administration. Induction of RABV-specific binding antibodies and immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2) were comparable in orally and parenterally vaccinated foxes. Differences were only observed in the induction of virus-neutralizing (VNA) titers, which were significantly higher in the parenterally vaccinated group. The dynamics of rabies-specific antibodies pre- and post-challenge (365 days post vaccination) suggest the predominance of type-1 immunity protection of SPBN GASGAS. Independent of the route of administration, in the absence of IgG1 the immune response to SPBN GAGAS was mainly IgG2 driven. Interestingly, vaccination with SPBN GASGAS does not cause significant differences in inducible IFN-γ production in vaccinated animals, indicating a relatively weak cellular immune response during challenge. Notably, the parenteral application of SPBN GASGAS did not induce any adverse side effects in foxes, thus supporting safety studies of this oral rabies vaccine in various species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dimer of Epicatechin from an Endophytic Fungus Curvularia australiensis FC2AP on Acute Toxicity Levels, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cervical Cancer Activity in Animal Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Vellingiri Manon Mani ◽  
Arockiam Jeyasundar Parimala Gnana Soundari ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian ◽  
Sungkwon Park ◽  
Utthapon Issara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cervical cancer, as the most frequent cancer in women globally and accounts almost 14% in India. It can be prevented or treated with vaccines, radiation, chemotherapy, and brachytherapy. The chemotherapeutic agents cause adverse post effects by the destruction of the neighboring normal cells or altering the properties of the cells. In order to reduce the severity of the side effects caused by the chemically synthesized therapeutic agents, the current research developed an anti-cancer agent dimer of epicatechin (DoE), a natural bioactive secondary metabolite (BSM) mediated from an endophytic fungus Curvularia australiensis FC2AP. The investigation has initiated with the evaluation of inhibiting the angiogenesis which is a main activity in metastasis, and it was assessed through Hen’s Egg Test on Chorio Allantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test; the BSM inhibited the growth of blood vessels in the developing chick embryo. Further the DoE was evaluated for its acute toxicity levels in albino mice, whereas the survival dose was found to be 1250 mg/kg and the lethal dose was 1500 mg/kg body weight of albino mice; hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were assessed. The anti-inflammatory responses of the DoE were evaluated in carrageenan induced Wistar rats and the reduction of inflammation occurred in a dose-dependent manner. By fixing the effective dose for anti-inflammation analysis, the DoE was taken for the anti-cervical cancer analysis in benzo (a) pyrene induced female Sprague-Dawley rats for 60 days trial. After the stipulated days, the rats were taken for hematological antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO), member bound enzymes, cervical histopathological and carcinogenic markers analyses. The results specified that the DoE has the capability of reducing the tumor in an efficient way. This is the first report of flavonoid-DoE production from an endophytic fungus C. australiensis has the anticancer potentiality and it can be stated as anti-cancer drug.

Acute toxicity of decarbamoyl gonyautoxin 1&4 to mice by various routes of administration

Toxicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Boundy ◽  
Tim Harwood ◽  
Elena Tommasi ◽  
Emillie Burger ◽  
Roel van Ginkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Routes Of Administration
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