scholarly journals Biocompatible Nanocarriers for Enhanced Cancer Photodynamic Therapy Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1933
Author(s):  
Sathish Sundar Dhilip Kumar ◽  
Heidi Abrahamse
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Targeting Therapy ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Carrier Molecule ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy

In recent years, the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery has become increasingly important, and this field of research holds many potential benefits for cancer treatment, particularly, in achieving cancer cell targeting and reducing the side effects of anticancer drugs. Biocompatible and biodegradable properties have been essential for using a novel material as a carrier molecule in drug delivery applications. Biocompatible nanocarriers are easy to synthesize, and their surface chemistry often enables them to load different types of photosensitizers (PS) to use targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. This review article explores recent studies on the use of different biocompatible nanocarriers, their potential applications in PDT, including PS-loaded biocompatible nanocarriers, and the effective targeting therapy of PS-loaded biocompatible nanocarriers in PDT for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the review briefly recaps the global clinical trials of PDT and its applications in cancer treatment.

Optical Properties of Photodynamic Therapy Drugs in Different Environments: The Paradigmatic Case of Temoporfin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
busenur Aslanoglu ◽  
Ilya Yakavets ◽  
Vladimir Zorin ◽  
Henri-Pierre Lassalle ◽  
Francesca Ingrosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Computational Tools

Computational tools have been used to study the photophysical and photochemical features of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) –a minimally invasive, less aggressive alternative for cancer treatment. PDT is mainly based by the activation of molecular oxygen through the action of a photoexcited sensitizer (photosensitizer). Temoporfin, widely known as mTHPC, is a second-generation photosensitizer, which produces the cytotoxic singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light and hence destroys tumor cells. However, the bioavailability of the mostly hydrophobic photosensitizer, and hence its incorporation into the cells, is fundamental to achieve the desired effect on malignant tissues by PDT. In this study, we focus on the optical properties of the temoporfin chromophore in different environments –in <i>vacuo</i>, in solution, encapsulated in drug delivery agents, namely cyclodextrin, and interacting with a lipid bilayer.

scholarly journals Focused ultrasound in neuro-oncology: the role of the Focused Ultrasound Foundation in driving adoption and innovation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Whipple ◽  
Camille A. Favero ◽  
Neal F. Kassell
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tumor Agent

Abstract Introduction Intra-arterial (lA) delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an evolving strategy which enables the distribution of high concentration therapeutics through a targeted vascular territory, while potentially limiting systemic toxicity. Studies have demonstrated lA methods to be safe and efficacious for a variety of therapeutics. However, further characterization of the clinical efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors and refinement of its potential applications are necessary. Methods We have reviewed the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting superselective intraarterial cerebral infusion (SSJACI) with BBB disruption for the treatment of brain tumors. In addition, we review ongoing clinical trials expanding the applicability and investigating the efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. Results Trends in recent studies have embraced the use of SSIACI and less neurotoxic chemotherapies. The majority of trials continue to use mannitol as the preferred method of hyperosmolar BBB disruption. Recent preclinical and preliminary human investigations into the lA delivery of Bevacizumab have demonstrated its safety and efficacy as an anti-tumor agent both alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Conclusion lA drug delivery may significantly affect the way treatment are delivered to patients with brain tumors, and in particular GBM. With refinement and standardization of the techniques of lA drug delivery, improved drug selection and formulations, and the development of methods to minimize treatment-related neurological injury, lA therapy may offer significant benefits for the treatment of brain tumors.

Optical Properties of Photodynamic Therapy Drugs in Different Environments: The Paradigmatic Case of Temoporfin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
busenur Aslanoglu ◽  
Ilya Yakavets ◽  
Vladimir Zorin ◽  
Henri-Pierre Lassalle ◽  
Francesca Ingrosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Computational Tools

Computational tools have been used to study the photophysical and photochemical features of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) –a minimally invasive, less aggressive alternative for cancer treatment. PDT is mainly based by the activation of molecular oxygen through the action of a photoexcited sensitizer (photosensitizer). Temoporfin, widely known as mTHPC, is a second-generation photosensitizer, which produces the cytotoxic singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light and hence destroys tumor cells. However, the bioavailability of the mostly hydrophobic photosensitizer, and hence its incorporation into the cells, is fundamental to achieve the desired effect on malignant tissues by PDT. In this study, we focus on the optical properties of the temoporfin chromophore in different environments –in <i>vacuo</i>, in solution, encapsulated in drug delivery agents, namely cyclodextrin, and interacting with a lipid bilayer.

The present and future role of photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley B Brown ◽  
Elizabeth A Brown ◽  
Ian Walker
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Future Role

scholarly journals Enhancing Breast Cancer Treatment Using a Combination of Cannabidiol and Gold Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimakatso R. Mokoena ◽  
Blassan P. George ◽  
Heidi Abrahamse
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Immunological Factors

Indisputably, cancer is a global crisis that requires immediate intervention. Despite the use of conventional treatments over the past decades, it is acceptable to admit that these are expensive, invasive, associated with many side effects and, therefore, a reduced quality of life. One of the most possible solutions to this could be the use of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with cannabidiol (CBD), a Cannabis derivative from the Cannabis sativa. Since the use of Cannabis has always been associated with recreation and psychoactive qualities, the positive effects of Cannabis or its derivatives on cancer treatment have been misunderstood and hence misinterpreted. On the other hand, AuNP-PDT is the most favoured form of treatment for cancer, due to its augmented specificity and minimal risk of side effects compared to conventional treatments. However, its use requires the consideration of several physical, biologic, pharmacologic and immunological factors, which may hinder its effectiveness if not taken into consideration. In this review, the role of gold nanoparticle mediated PDT combined with CBD treatment on breast cancer cells will be deliberated.

scholarly journals The Use of Ultrasound and Micelles in Cancer Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2205-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaleb A. Husseini ◽  
William G. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Rat Tumor Model ◽  
Drug Potency ◽  
Potential Benefits

The high toxicity of potent chemotherapeutic drugs like Doxorubicin (Dox) limits the therapeutic window in which they can be applied. This window can be expanded by controlling the drug delivery in both space and time such that non-targeted tissues are not adversely affected. Recent research has shown that ultrasound (US) can be used to control the release of Dox and other hydrophobic drugs from polymeric micelles in both time and space. It has also been shown using an in vivo rat tumor model that Dox activity can be enhanced by ultrasound in one region, while in an adjacent region there is little or no effect of the drug. In this article, we review the in vivo and in vitro research being conducted in the area of using ultrasound to enhance and target micellar drug delivery to cancerous tissues. Additionally, we summarize our previously published mathematical models that attempt to represent the release and re-encapsulation phenomena of Dox from Pluronic® P105 micelles upon the application of ultrasound. The potential benefits of such controlled chemotherapy compels a thorough investigation of the role of ultrasound (US) and the mechanisms by which US accomplishes drug release and/or enhances drug potency. Therefore we will summarize our findings related to the mechanism involved in acoustically activated micellar drug delivery to tumors.

scholarly journals Polymeric Encapsulation of a Ru(II)-based Photosensitizer for Folate Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Drug Resistant Cancers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Karges ◽  
Mickaël Tharaud ◽  
Gilles Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multicellular Tumor Spheroids ◽  
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Polymeric Encapsulation ◽  
Cancerous Cells

<p>The currently used photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizers (PSs) are generally associated with a poor cancer cell selectivity, which is responsible for some undesirable side effects. To overcome these problems, the use of selective drug delivery systems is currently envisioned. In this article, the encapsulation of a promising Ru(II) polypyridine complex-based PDT PS in a polymer with terminal folate groups to form nanoparticles is presented. While showing a high selectivity for cancerous cells over non-cancerous cells, the nanoparticles were found to be highly phototoxic in 2D monolayer cells as well as 3D multicellular tumor spheroids upon 480 nm or 595 nm irradiation. Promisingly, the nanoparticles were also active in drug resistant cancer cells lines, indicating that they are able to overcome drug resistances. <br></p>

scholarly journals Calcium Phosphate-Based Bioceramics in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma: Drug Delivery Composites and Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiê Menezes Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Costa Brandão Berti ◽  
Sidney Carlos Gasoto ◽  
Bertoldo Schneider ◽  
Marco Augusto Stimamiglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Inorganic Composition ◽  
Tumor Drugs

The use of biomaterials in medicine is not recent, and in the last few decades, the research and development of biocompatible materials had emerged. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a calcium phosphate that constitutes a large part of the inorganic composition of human bones and teeth, has been used as an interesting bioceramic material. Among its applications, HAp has been used to carry antitumor drugs, such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and gemcitabine. Such HAp-based composites have an essential role in anticancer drug delivery systems, including the treatment of osteosarcoma. In addition, the association of this bioceramic with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has also been used as an effective agent of local magnetic hyperthermia. Further, the combined approach of the aforementioned techniques (HAp scaffolds combined with anti-tumor drugs and MNPs) is also an attractive therapeutical alternative. Considering the promising role of the use of bioceramics in modern medicine, we proposed this review, presenting an updated perspective on the use of HAp in the treatment of cancer, especially osteosarcoma. Finally, after giving the current progress in this field, we highlight the urgent need for efforts to provide a better understanding of their potential applications.

scholarly journals The role of hexokinase in cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Paulina Stachyra-Strawa ◽  
Paweł Cisek ◽  
Michał Janiszewski ◽  
Ludmiła Grzybowska-Szatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hexokinase Ii ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Level

A thorough understanding of the processes occurring in cancer cells is necessary to make cancer treatment as effective as possible. Changes in cellular metabolism in relation to normal cells are considered particularly important. One of the most interesting and promising areas is glucose metabolism and the factors affecting this process, with special emphasis on the potential role of hexokinases, especially the isoform II of this enzyme. Hexokinases (HK) are transferase enzymes involved in the process of glycolysis. Hexokinase II (HK II) plays an important role in initiating and maintaining the glycolysis process at a high level of efficiency, which is crucial for the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. An increase in the number of copies of the HK II gene and increased transcription of this enzyme resulting in the suppression of apoptosis and the enhancement of cell proliferation have been found in tumor cells. Hexokinase II also participates in the Crabtree effect by affecting the amount of ATP and thus the efficiency of the Ca2+ removal process outside the cell membrane by Ca2+ ATPase. Overexpression of HK II has thus far been found in pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer and biliary tract cancer, indicating the possible key role of this enzyme in their formation and progression and providing the basis for seeking potential benefits of cancer treatment using HK II as a target of new drugs.

Role of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy

2022 ◽  
pp. 363-388
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta ◽  
Ayesha Kanwal ◽  
Ambreen Ashar ◽  
Moazam Ali ◽  
Ashar Mahfooz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Scientific Fields

The rapid growth of nanotechnology towards the development of nanomedicines has improved cancer treatment. Nanomedicine provides the opportunity to implement complex and targeted multifunctional strategies. Today, nanoparticles (NPs) have many uses in a number of scientific fields. In recent years, it has been repeatedly reported that NPs hold a significant place in the regulation of modern medicine by implementing a varying number of clinical approaches like drug carrying substances, genetic material delivery to tumors, as well as in radiography as a contrast media agent. Various nanomaterials based on organic, inorganic, lipid or glycan compounds, and synthetic polymers have been used to develop and improve new cancer treatments. In this chapter, the authors discussed the role of NPs in cancer treatment among various anticancer drug delivery methods.

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