scholarly journals Acceptability of Mebendazole Chewable Tablet in Children Aged 2 to 4 Years in Peru

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Fernando Perez ◽  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Zarela Bravo ◽  
Kristin Callahan ◽  
Fabrice Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Chewable Tablet ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is among the most common of parasitic infections, affecting vulnerable populations in tropical/subtropical areas globally. In endemic countries, children, a high-risk population, require treatment and preventive interventions. Mebendazole, a WHO-recommended medicine, originally formulated as a tablet that was often crushed for administration to young children unable to swallow it, was reformulated as a chewable tablet. Acceptability is a key aspect for treatment effectiveness in pediatrics. Herein, we used a validated data-driven approach to investigate the acceptability of the 500-mg mebendazole chewable tablet in children aged 2 to 4 years in Peru. Observer-reported outcomes were collected for 182 medicine intakes. Acceptability was scored using the acceptability reference framework: a three-dimensional map juxtaposing “positively accepted” and “negatively accepted” profiles. Results found that the 500-mg mebendazole chewable tablet was classified as “positively accepted” in children aged 2 to 4 years. Acceptability increased with age and some acceptability issue remain for the younger children. Nevertheless, this formulation was considerably better accepted than the conventional tablets regardless of treatment in young children. This chewable formulation appears to be an appropriate alternative to the hard tablet of mebendazole for treatment of STH and preventive interventions in children aged 2 to 4 years.

scholarly journals Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Carla Zannella ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Debora Stelitano ◽  
Annalisa Ambrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Molecular Volume ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Reducing the Nighttime Fears of Young Children Through a Brief Parent-Delivered Treatment—Effectiveness of the Hungarian Version of Uncle Lightfoot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Kopcsó ◽  
András Láng ◽  
Mary F. Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Nighttime Fears ◽  
Hungarian Version

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention, and to determine for whom the treatment works. 73 children between 3 and 8 years of age with significant nighttime fears were enrolled in an intervention group (n = 36) or in a waitlist group (n = 37). The intervention involved a 5-week parent delivered therapy. Assessments took place at baseline, post-treatment, and 20 weeks following baseline. In the intervention group, compared with the waitlist group, nighttime-related fears and phobic symptoms decreased more, whereas adaptive nighttime behavior increased to a greater extent. The more time children spent with exposure and relaxation games during the intervention, the more their separation anxiety and maladaptive nighttime behavior were reduced. Girls’ fear of darkness was reduced to a greater extent. The present study provides support for the use of parent-delivered therapy in the treatment of childhood nighttime fears.

scholarly journals Impact of Social Distancing and Travel Restrictions on Non–Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Non–COVID-19) Respiratory Hospital Admissions in Young Children in Rural Alaska

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leisha D Nolen ◽  
Sara Seeman ◽  
Dana Bruden ◽  
Joe Klejka ◽  
Chris Desnoyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secondary Benefits ◽  
Rural Alaska ◽  
Travel Restrictions

Abstract Hospitalizations due to non-coronavirus disease 2019 (non-COVID-19) respiratory illnesses decreased dramatically after social distancing was implemented in a high-risk population in rural Alaska; an unprecedented decline compared to the past 10 respiratory seasons. This demonstrates the potential secondary benefits of implementing social distancing and travel restrictions on respiratory illnesses.

scholarly journals Application of Dendrimers for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zandile Mhlwatika ◽  
Blessing Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Macromolecular Network ◽  
And Control ◽  
Drug Encapsulation Efficiency

Dendrimers are drug delivery systems that are characterized by a three-dimensional, star-shaped, branched macromolecular network. They possess ideal properties such as low polydispersity index, biocompatibility and good water solubility. They are made up of the interior and the exterior layers. The exterior layer consists of functional groups that are useful for conjugation of drugs and targeting moieties. The interior layer exhibits improved drug encapsulation efficiency, reduced drug toxicity, and controlled release mechanisms. These unique properties make them useful for drug delivery. Dendrimers have attracted considerable attention as drug delivery system for the treatment of infectious diseases. The treatment of infectious diseases is hampered severely by drug resistance. Several properties of dendrimers such as their ability to overcome drug resistance, toxicity and control the release mechanism of the encapsulated drugs make them ideal systems for the treatment of infectious disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the potentials of dendrimers for the treatment of viral and parasitic infections.

PTSD in Children 6 Years and Younger

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. De Young ◽  
Michael S. Scheeringa
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Dsm 5

This chapter is an overview of the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM-5) subtype “posttraumatic stress disorder for children 6 years and younger” and what is known about posttraumatic stress disorder during early childhood. It outlines issues that complicate the accurate assessment of trauma-related problems in young children and reviews the new DSM-5 category, instruments currently available, and evidence for different treatment options. Young children are a high-risk population for exposure to traumatic events and are likewise at risk of developing trauma- and stressor-related disorders following trauma exposure. Early childhood is associated with unique vulnerabilities that may put young children at risk of poor outcomes and rapid maturational growth that may enhance resilience. Early and accurate assessment and treatment of posttrauma reactions in very young children can be challenging, but, because of these factors, it is critical.

Marshmallows Toothpicks and Geodesic Domes

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
M. Stoessel Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Early School ◽  
Geodesic Domes

Young children grow up in and Patterns for Domes adapt to a world of three-dimensional objects. Solids. however, are difficult to show on textbook pages and in chalkboard drawings, with the result that there is a tendency to limit early school geometric experiences to recognition of plane figures.

Analysis of recombinant tagged equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) expressed in E. coliThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue entitled CSBMCB 53rd Annual Meeting — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Reyes ◽  
Nicole M.I. Nivillac ◽  
Maria Chalsev ◽  
Imogen R. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Nucleoside Transporter ◽  
Intracellular Loop

Nucleoside transporters (NTs) are integral membrane proteins necessary for the cellular entry of nucleoside analog drugs used in chemotherapeutic treatment of conditions such as cancer and viral or parasitic infections. NTs are also the targets of certain drugs used in the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions. Because of the importance of NTs in drug uptake, determination of the three-dimensional structure of these proteins, particularly hENT1, has the potential to improve these treatments through structure-based design of more specifically targeted and transported drugs. In this paper, we use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structure of the large intracellular loop between transmembrane domains 6 and 7 and we also describe a method for the successful overexpression of full-length hENT1 in a bacterial system. Recombinant tandem histidine-affinity (HAT) and 3×FLAG tagged hENT1 was overexpressed in E. coli, affinity purified, and functionally characterized by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI) binding. Anti-3×FLAG immunodetection confirmed the expression of N-HAT-3×FLAG-hENT1, while increased NBTI binding (3.2-fold compared with controls) confirmed the conformational integrity of the recombinant hENT1 within the bacterial inner membrane. Yields of recombinant hENT1 using this approach were ∼15 µg/L of bacterial culture and this approach provides a basis for large-scale production of protein for a variety of purposes.

scholarly journals Topological study of diverse hydrogen-bonded patterns found in a system of a nickel(II) complex and the sulfate anion

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Harvey ◽  
Sebastián Suarez ◽  
Pavel N. Zolotarev ◽  
Davide M. Proserpio ◽  
Ricardo Baggio
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sulfate Anion ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Striking Resemblance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

A nickel(II) coordination complex, bis[2,6-bis(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-κN3)pyridine-κN]nickel(II) sulfate, [Ni(C19H13N5)2]SO4or [Ni(H2L)2]SO4, having four peripheral tetrahedrally oriented N—H donor units, combines with sulfate bridges to create hydrogen-bonded structures of varied dimensionality. The three crystal structures reported herein in the space groupsP212121,I\overline{4} andPccnare defined solely by strong charge-assisted N—H...O hydrogen bonds and contain disordered guests (water and dimethylformamide) that vary in size, shape and degree of hydrophilicity. Two of the compounds are channelled solids with three-dimensional structures, while the third is one-dimensional in nature. In spite of their differences, all three present a striking resemblance to the previously reported anhydrous relative [Guoet al.(2011).Chin. J. Inorg. Chem.27, 1517–1520], which is considered as the reference framework from which all three title compounds are derived. The hydrogen-bonded frameworks are described and compared using crystallographic and topological approaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document