scholarly journals A Peer Educational Tool to Promote Antimicrobial Stewardship on a University Campus

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Yuman (Yumi) Lee ◽  
Nicole Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Peer Educators ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
University Wellness

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat. Patient education on the appropriate use of antibiotics is a key component in combating antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utility of an origami fortune teller as a novel peer educational tool in promoting antimicrobial stewardship on a university campus. An origami fortune teller, with various case scenarios to demonstrate key antibiotic principles, was developed and used by peer educators to educate students attending a university wellness fair. The case studies included: antibiotic indications; differentiation between viral vs. bacterial infection; proper use of antibiotics; non-pharmacologic measures to combat infection; and antibiotic resistance. Students were asked to take an assessment pre and post working with the tool. One hundred and forty-three students received education using the novel tool. A significant improvement in the assessment score was observed after education was completed using the novel tool (69.5 vs. 96.6 p ≤ 0.05).

scholarly journals A road-map for addressing antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learnt from the public private participation and co-designed antimicrobial stewardship programme in the State of Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Singh ◽  
Esmita Charani ◽  
Sarada Devi ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Fabia Edathadathil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Threat

Abstract Background The global concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is gathering pace. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at the epicentre of this growing public health threat and governmental and healthcare organizations are at different stages of implementing action plans to tackle AMR. The South Indian state of Kerala was one of the first in India to implement strategies and prioritize activities to address this public health threat. Strategies Through a committed and collaborative effort from all healthcare related disciplines and its professional societies from both public and private sector, the Kerala Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been able to deliver a state-wide strategy to tackle AMR A multilevel strategic leadership model and a multilevel implementation approach that included developing state-wide antibiotic clinical guidelines, a revision of post-graduate and undergraduate medical curriculum, and a training program covering all general practitioners within the state the PPP proved to be a successful model for ensuring state-wide implementation of an AMR action plan. Collaborative work of multi-professional groups ensured co-design and development of disease based clinical treatment guidelines and state-wide infection prevention policy. Knowledge exchange though international and national platforms in the form of workshops for sharing of best practices is critical to success. Capacity building at both public and private institutions included addressing practical and local solutions to the barriers e.g. good antibiotic prescription practices from primary to tertiary care facility and infection prevention at all levels. Conclusion Through 7 years of stakeholder engagement, lobbying with government, and driving change through co-development and implementation, the PPP successfully delivered an antimicrobial stewardship plan across the state. The roadmap for the implementation of the Kerala PPP strategic AMR plan can provide learning for other states and countries aiming to implement action plans for AMR.

scholarly journals 1605. Temperature Modulates the Rate of Increase of Antibiotic Resistance Across Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S585-S586
Author(s):  
Sarah McGough ◽  
Derek MacFadden ◽  
Mohammad Hattab ◽  
Kare Molbak ◽  
Mauricio Santillana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Public Health Threat

Abstract Background Widely recognized as a major public health threat globally, the rapid increase of antibiotic resistance in bacteria could soon render our most effective method to combat infections obsolete. Factors influencing the burden of resistance in human populations remain poorly described, though temperature is known to play an important role in mechanisms of bacterial growth and transmission. Methods Here, we present the first evidence that ambient temperatures may modulate the rate of increase of antibiotic resistance across Europe. Using a comprehensive dataset containing information across 28 countries, for 17 years (2000–2016), 3 common bacterial pathogens, and 4 antibiotic classes collectively representing over 4 million tested isolates, we show that antibiotic resistance has increased more rapidly in warmer regions over a period of nearly 2 decades. Results Specifically, we show that European countries with 10°C warmer ambient temperatures have experienced more rapid increases in antibiotic resistance to E. coli and K. pneumoniae over the 17-year period, ranging between 0.33%/year (95% CI 0.2, 0.5) and 1.2%/year (0.4, 1.9), even after accounting for recognized drivers of resistance including antibiotic consumption and population density. We found a decreasing relationship for S. aureus and methicillin of -0.4%/year (95% CI −0.7, 0.0), reflecting widespread declines in MRSA across Europe over the study period. Conclusion Our findings suggest that rising temperatures globally may hasten the spread of resistance and complicate efforts to mitigate it. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Interpatient and Intrapatient Epidemiologically Linked Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. e00319-18
Author(s):  
Sonja Hirk ◽  
Sarah Lepuschitz ◽  
Adriana Cabal Rosel ◽  
Steliana Huhulescu ◽  
Marion Blaschitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea and was identified by the World Health Organization as an urgent public health threat due to emerging antibiotic resistance. Here, we report 13 draft genome sequences of N. gonorrhoeae isolates derived from two epidemiologically linked cases from Austria.

scholarly journals Linking sustainable use policies to novel economic incentives to stimulate antibiotic research and development

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Theuretzbacher ◽  
Christine Årdal ◽  
Stephan Harbarth
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

There is now global recognition that antibiotic resistance is an emerging public health threat. Policy initiatives are underway to provide concrete suggestions for overcoming important obstacles in the fight against antibiotic resistance, like the alarming current paucity of antibacterial innovation. New economic models are needed as incentives for the discovery and development of novel antibacterial therapies especially for infections with too few patients today to justify private sector research and development (R&amp;D) investments. These economic models should focus on rewarding the innovation, not the consumption of the antibiotic since sustainable use policies will reduce selection pressure and slow the emergence of resistance. To effectively stimulate greater innovation, the size of the reward must be commensurate with revenues from other therapeutic areas, estimated at about a billion dollar total pay-out. Otherwise R&amp;D investment will continue to move away from antibiotics to areas where returns are more attractive. A potential sizeable public investment, if implemented, must be protected to ensure that the resulting antibiotics have a lengthy and positive impact on human health. Therefore, public investments in innovation should be bound to sustainable use policies,<em> i.e.</em>, policies targeted at a range of actors to ensure the preservation of the novel antibiotics. These policies would be targeted not only at the innovating pharmaceutical companies in exchange for the reward payments, but also at governments in countries which receive the novel antibiotics at reasonable prices due to the reward payment. This article provides some suggestions of sustainable use policies in order to initiate the discussions. These are built on planned policies in the US, EU, WHO and have been expanded to address One Health and environmental aspects to form One World approaches. While further discussion and analyses are needed, it is likely that strong sustainable use policies will help to protect the sizeable public health investments.

scholarly journals Isolation, Serotyping, and Antibiogram of Salmonella Isolates from Raw Milk Sold at Retail Vending in Erbil City, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dhary Alewy ALMASHHADANY ◽  
Ardalan Abdulhamed OSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Public Health Threat

Pathogenic strains of Salmonella cause gastroenteritis in humans globally.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonellain raw milk sold in Erbil city, Kurdistanregion, Iraq. A total of 470 samples were collected from retail vendors between January and June 2019. Samples were cultured on selective media followed by serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity testing by disk diffusion assay.The results revealed that the overall prevalence of Salmonella was 7.9%. The isolates belonged to nine (9) different serotypes: S.Typhimurium 18.9%, S.Anatum 10.8%, S.Muenchen 13.6%, S.Enteritidis 10.8%, S.Senftenberg 8.1%, S. Newport 10.8%, S. Arizona 10.8%, S. Montevideo 8.1%, and S.Dublin 8.1%. The antibiotic resistance profile revealed that 67.6%, 62.2%, 56.8%,and 56.8% of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, streptomycin, imipenem, and tetracycline respectively. This resistance among Salmonella maypose a public health threat that needs activesafety measures and response.

The Ethics of Fecal Microbiota Transplant as a Tool for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Murray ◽  
Jennifer Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Public Health Threat

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) are a public health threat that have reduced the effectiveness of many available antibiotics. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been tasked with reducing antibiotic use and therefore the emergence of MDROs. While fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has been proposed as therapy to reduce patient colonization of MDROs, this will require additional evidence to support an expansion of the current clinical indication for FMT. This article discusses the evidence and ethics of the expanded utilization of FMT by ASPs for reasons other than severe recurrent or refractory Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge and Perceptions about Antimicrobial Stewardship

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehad J Ahmed ◽  
Khalil Y Abujheisha ◽  
Mohamed F. Balaha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Global Public Health

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the serious threats to global public health. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented by all hospitals to improve antimicrobial use. It is important that pharmacy students have a sound knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine pharmacy students’ knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship. Methodology: The study included a questionnaire that was used to assess the background knowledge of pharmacy students and their perceptions on antimicrobial stewardship. Results and Discussion: Out of 103 students who completed the survey, 25 students (24.27%) reported that they know what antimicrobial Stewardship is, and only 39 students were familiar with antimicrobial stewardship programs in Saudi Arabia. Most of the students (95.14%) reported that they need more antimicrobial stewardship training. Conclusion: Our results, therefore, recommend that pharmacy students should have more training on bacterial resistance, antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship.

Hydraulic Laboratory at University of Liège

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Willi H. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

The Hydraulic Laboratory of Liège University, Belgium, is historically considered from its foundation in 1937 to the mid-1960s. The technical facilities of the various Buildings are highlighted, along with canals and instrumentation available. It is noted that in its initial era, comparatively few basic research has been conducted, mainly due to the professional background of the professors leading the establishment. This state was improved in the past 50 years, however, particularly since the Laboratory was dislocated to its current position in the novel University Campus. Biographies of the leading persons associated with the Liège Hydraulic Laboratory are also presented, so that a comprehensive picture is given of one of the currently leading hydraulic Laboratories of Europe.

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